WPCr2 Uxi&@ >%T*rLlZ[B9!y#G6Z2!M6J};x@e;HX%-VM5ҧ.dΓt;vڄ M)4p&O}@^uP.hx38ߑ&,Z4OXT+j[ctHIh5RwQm4yL)ڤwvUܭK%W&yl9w@] ^#$UN %3 0:9 0Us 0 0 0 0h 0B 0 0 0 0C 0 0 0n 09 0 0 0 0G 0@ 0A 0 0 0 0g 0) 0 0 0<[U>U8^ w41@ mBNY 0[[ 0 0U\\ 0  0 0! 0" 0# 0$ 0% 0& 0' 0( 0) 0<C* 0~* 0* 0|+ 0, 0:, 0, 1i-U *-U@".9b.b. 1u. 72/B/J/`/0b111111111111111 2 2UN$2HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL$,,,,$0(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX($USUS.,*+ (_2623  ..*D+J (_25   ," <DL,23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  *A+J (_24   ) <DL)23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  *>+J (_23  ` &<<DL&23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  *;+J (_22   #DL#23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  *8+J (_21    DL 23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  *5+J (_20  h DDL23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  *2+J (_19   L23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  */+J (_18    L23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  * (_1723  Ԁ*DJ (_16   ," <DL,23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  *AJ (_15   ) <DL)23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  *>J (_14  ` &<<DL&23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  *;J (_13   #DL#23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  *8J (_12    DL 23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  *5J (_11  h DDL23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  *2J (_10   L23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  (/J &_9    L23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  ( &_823  (DJ &_7   ," <DL,23   2( 4 <DL2  (AJ &_6   ) <DL)23   2( 4 <DL2  (>J &_5  ` &<<DL&23   2( 4 <DL2  (;J &_4   #DL#23   2( 4 <DL2  (8J &_3    DL 23   2( 4 <DL2  (5J &_2  h DDL23   2( 4 <DL2  (2J &_1   L23   2( 4 <DL2  &/J $_    L23   2( 4 <DL2  <:Default Para\  `&Times New Roman\  ` Book Antiqua3s Vc3hared3|x&U86Hyperlink6 3   0;;.header    XXX    (-2$ !USUS.,   _2S+P 0_level1  , ;1` hp x (#;23  ..  8.` hp x (#8  2P+P 0_level2  X 8.` hp x (#823  ..  8.` hp x (#8  2P+P 0_level3   8.444` hp x (#823  ..  8.` hp x (#8  2M+P 0_level4   5+` ` ` hp x (#523  ..  8.` hp x (#8  2M+P 0_level5   5+ hp x (#523  ..  8.` hp x (#8  2J+P 0_level6   2( hp x (#223  ..  8.` hp x (#8  2J+P 0_level7  4 2( hp x (#223  ..  8.` hp x (#8  2G+P 0_level8  ` /% hp x (#/23  ..  8.` hp x (#8  2G+P 0_level9   /%< <<hp x (#/23  ..  8.` hp x (#8  6s f4Heading 3XXX?B%2A`Arial?       ?B%2A`Arial? 61 $4Heading 4XXX      < :Envelope Ret6$$ 4Body TextXXX    <00 :Body Text In X XXX     X .'' ,TitleXXX      0A .Footer (#A7X` hp x (#A:8Page Number(2$ !..      $ X2XBL2$   /0123456 35=EKQW]c1(a)(A)i.1.a.i.1.a.%2A`Arial(O Z(Times New Roman  /#]m]Xd#  3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)Fi)      @)..      l XXB2  l  _ @  @   !  X!> @ $   $B2  B2  >  !8 B2 @)..      l XXB2  l  _ !8 B2Page of &    . 6Times New Roman Regular !USUS.,  _    !XܘXXXIL8 XXdd8NOaO[D#JULY2005BAREXAMINATION  QUESTIONSANDREPRESENTATIVEGOODANSWERS   #X XX!XܘX#  !XܘXXX #X XX!Xܘ#  !XܘXXX QUESTION1 ` #X XX!Xܘ#!XܘXXX  #X XX!Xܘe#  !XܘXXX   FollowingayearlonghumanitariantriptoSouthAmerica,rockstarBruceRocker,planned 8  toreturntohishomeinMarylandtoannouncehisrunforpoliticaloffice.Fanswantedtowelcome $ t RockerhomebygatheringatBaltimoreAirportwhenhearrivedandtoexpresstheirsupportforhis  ` candidacy.BaltimoreAirportisalargeinternationalairport,whichservesseveralmajorairlines  L  andhasfiveconcourseswithnumerousgates,parkinglotsandgrassyknolls.Theplannedwelcome  8  homegatheringwouldinvolveabout200enthusiasticfansanda15minutespeechbyRockertothe $  groupabouthispoliticalviews.   #X XX!Xܘ#!XܘXXX   BaltimoreAirportisownedandoperatedbytheStateofMarylandsDepartmentof   Transportation.Oneoftheairportsregulations,Reg.B,forbids anygatheringofmorethan30   peopleanywhereintheairportunlesstravelrelated.ThestatedpurposeofReg.B istoavoid p congestionandtopromotethesmoothoperationoftheairport.ViolatorsofReg.Baresubjectto \ afineupto$1,000and/orincarcerationofupto6months. H     Rockersfanshaverequestedpermissiontoholdtheirwelcomehomegatheringinthe  p airport,buttheairporthasdeniedthisrequestbasedsolelyuponReg.B.Rockersfanshireyouto  \ filealawsuitchallengingReg.Binordertoobtainaccesstotheairportforthewelcomehome H gathering. 4   #X XX!Xܘ# !XܘXXX   DiscussindetailthebasisofanychallengestoReg.BandevaluatetheRockerfans   chancesforsuccess #X XX!Xܘ #!XܘXXX .  #X XX!Xܘ #  !XܘXXX #X XX!XܘO #"Xo+XXX   REPRESENTATIVEANSWER1   X   #X XX"Xo+ #!XܘXXX ThefirstamendmenttotheU.S.Constitutionguaranteestothefansthefreedomofspeech, h  whichincludespoliticalfreedomsandfreedomofassociation.Thegovernmentcannotrestrictthe T! freedomofspeechunlessthegivenspeechisnotprotected,forexample,becauseitisobsceneor @"  incitesillegalanddangerousaction.Thegovernmentandthestategovernment,whichmustadhere ,#|! tothe1#X XX!Xܘ. #!XܘXhX st#X XX!XܘL#!XܘXXX Ԁamendmentbasedonitsincorporationthroughthe14#X XX!Xܘ#!XܘXhX th#X XX!Xܘ #!XܘXXX Ԁamendment,can,however,place $h" reasonabletime,place,andmannerrestrictionsonotherwiseprotectedspeech.Thepoliticalspeech %T # andwelcomegatheringthefanswanttoholdisofthistype.Ifapublicforum,theregulationbyMd. %@!$ DepartmentofTransportationwouldhavetobeareasonabletime,place,andmannerrestriction &,"% leavingalternativechannelsofcommunicationopeninfurtheranceofanimportantgovernment '#& interest.Outsidetheterminalslikeonthe grassyknollsmayqualifyassuchmakingReg.Bunduly ($' overbroad,becauseitrestrictsanygathering#X XX!XܘS#!XܘXXX anywhere#X XX!XܘR#!XܘXXX Ԁintheairport.Althoughthestatuteiscontent )$( neutralandnotaimedatanyspeech,theRockerfansmaystillsuccessfullychallengeitasoverbroad *%) onthatbasisandbecauseitleavesopennootherchannelsfortheirspeechrelatedactivity. x+&*  X#X XX!Xܘ#!XܘXXX   #X XX!Xܘ!#!XܘXXX Althoughportionsoftheairportmightbeconsideredpublicforums,airportshavebeenheld  nottobepublicforumseventhoughpubliclyownedproperty.Onthisbasis,asatraditionally non  publicforum,theStateDept.ofTrans.hasmuchmoreleewaytocompletelyrestrictuseofthe  groundsforspeechrelatedactivity,especiallywheretheRegspurposeistoavoidcongestionand t promotesmoothairportoperation.(200fansandaspeechwoulddefinitelycongesttheairport).The ` Regulation,however,maystillbechallengedthoughasoverbroadorvague. L  #X XX!Xܘo#  !XܘXXX @..#X XX!Xܘs#"Xo+XXX  REPRESENTATIVEANSWER2 * z #X XX"Xo+#!XܘXXX  #X XX!Xܘ;#  !XܘXXX   ThefirstchallengetoReg.BshouldbemadeonthegroundsthatReg.Bisvagueand  X  overbroad.Aregulationwillbeconsideredvagueifareasonablepersonwouldbeunableto  D  determinewhatconductisprohibited.Here, travelrelatedisvaguebecauseitcouldbeopento 0  manydifferentinterpretations,anditdoesnotclearlyprohibitanyconduct.Aregulationwillbe   deemedoverbroadifitprohibitssubstantiallymoreconductthanisnecessarytoachievethe   purportedgoaloftheregulation.Thestatedpurposeof avoid(ing)congestionand promoting   smoothoperationcouldarguablybeachievedbylessrestrictivemeans.   #X XX!Xܘ#!XܘXXX   Astatemayimposereasonabletime,place,andmannerrestrictionsonspeechrelated h conduct.Determiningwhetherrestrictionsarereasonablewilldependonwhethertherestriction T seekstorestrictspeechrelatedconductinapublicforumoranonpublicforum.Iftheairportis @ consideredapublicformbecauseitistypicallyheldouttothepublic,thentheregulationofspeech ,| willbeupheldifitis#X XX!Xܘ#!XܘXXX contentneutral#X XX!Xܘ2#!XܘXXX ,narrowlytailoredtoadvanceasignificantgovernmentinterest, h andifitleavesopenalternativechannelsofcommunication.Here,duetovaguenessofReg.B,it T isunclearwhetheritwouldbeconsideredcontentneutral.Itdoesappeartorestrictgatheringsof @ morethan30peopleunlesstravelrelated. ,     #X XX!Xܘ#!XܘXXX   Ifthecourtdidfindtherestrictiontobecontentneutraltheywouldthendetermineifitwas  narrowlytailoredtopromoteasignificantgovernmentinterest.Asstatedabove,becausethe  regulationencompassespotentiallymoreconduct/behaviorthanisnecessarytoeffectuatethesmooth  operationoftheairport,itisunlikelytobefoundtobenarrowlytailored. x #X XX!Xܘf #!XܘXXX   IntheeventthatacourtdidfindReg.Betobenarrowlytailoredtopromoteasignificant P! interest,thecourtwouldthendeterminewhetheritleftopenalternativechannelsofcommunication. <"  BecauseReg.Bincludesthelanguage anywhereintheairportwhichincludesconcourses,parking (#x! lotsandgrassyknolls,Reg.Blikelyfailsinthistestalso. $d"     ThusReg.Bwouldnotlikelybeupheldasavalidregulationonapublicforumbecauseit %6#!XܘXXX FifthAmendment#X XX!Xܘ6#!XܘXXX Ԁ!ThereweretwoDNAsamplesinvolvedinthematch"thesample $ t obtainedfromSueandthesampleobtainedinjail.Intermsofthesampleobtainedinjail,_Badmens_  ` maytrytoarguethatbeingforcedtogiveasampleofhisDNAviolatedhisconstitutionalright  L  againstselfincrimination.However,theFifthAmendmentonlyappliestotestimony,notDNA,so  8  heisnotlikelytoprevail. $      р  #X XX!Xܘ 7#!XܘXXX FourthAmendment#X XX!Xܘ9#!XܘXXX Ԁ!_Badmens_Ԁmayalsoarguethathisfourthamendmentrightsagainst   unreasonablesearchesandseizureswereviolatedbyhavingtosubmittohavinghischeekswabbed   toobtainaDNAsample._Badmens_Ԁisunlikelytoprevailbecauseasaprisonerhehasalesser   reasonableexpectationofprivacyinjail.Moreover,theactofhavinghischeekswabbedislikely p tobeseenonlyasareasonableintrusion,evenifhedidhavesucharight. \     X#X XX!Xܘ9#!XܘXXX ExPostFacto#X XX!Xܘ<#!XܘXXX Ԁ!_Badmens_Ԁmayalsoarguethattheapplicationofa2004enactedDNAlaw, 4 inconjunctionwithgatheringevidenceforacrimecommittedin1994,violateshisrightagainstex  p postfactolaws.However,theDNAlawdoesntinvolveanewcrimethatheisbeingchargedfor,  \ oranextendedsentence"butmerelyprovidesthegovernmentwithadditionalinvestigationtools. H Accordingly,_Badmens_Ԁwontlikelyprevail. 4  X#X XX!Xܘ<#!XܘXXX #X XX!Xܘ?#!XܘXXX Ԁ  #X XX!Xܘ?#!XܘXXX FourteenthAmendmentRighttoPrivacy#X XX!Xܘ&@#!XܘXXX Ԁ!_Badmens_Ԁmayassertthathisfourteenth   amendmentrighttoprivacywasviolatedbyhavingtosubmitDNA,andthat,moreover,dueprocess  protectshimfromhavingtomakeinvoluntaryconfessions.However,becausetherewasno  involuntary confession,intermsofanactualstatement,hewontlikelyprevail.Moreover,the  limitedprivacy,discussed#X XX!Xܘ@#!XܘXXX supra#X XX!XܘB#!XܘXXX ,willalsodefeatthisargument. l #X XX!XܘB#!XܘXXX #X XX!XܘuC#!XܘXXX   RighttoCounsel#X XX!XܘC#!XܘXXX Ԁ_Badmens_ԀrequestedcounseltwiceashisDNAsamplewascollected,and D! hewilllikelyargueunsuccessfully,thathis5#X XX!XܘD#!XܘXhX th#X XX!Xܘ E#!XܘXXX Ԁand6#X XX!XܘTE#!XܘXhX th#X XX!XܘE#!XܘXXX ԀAmendmentRightstoCounselwereviolated. 0"      р  #X XX!XܘE#!XܘXXX 5#X XX!XܘF#!XܘXhX th#X XX!XܘF#!XܘXXX ԀAmendmentRighttoCounsel#X XX!Xܘ"G#!XܘXXX Ԁ!ACourtwouldnotlikelyfindthat_Badmens_fifth $X" amendment#X XX!XܘG#!XܘXXX Miranda#X XX!Xܘ@H#!XܘXXX Ԁrightswereviolated,eventhoughheaskedforhislawyer,because#X XX!XܘH#!XܘXXX Miranda#X XX!XܘI#!XܘXXX  $D # requiresacustodyandaninterrogation.Whilearguably_Badmens_Ԁwasincustody,nurseRitas %0!$ statementwouldlikelynotqualifyasaninterrogation,sinceshewasnotalawenforcementofficer. &"% Thus,hisconfessionlikestatementwontlikelybesuppressed. '#&        h+&* NOa N N    #X XX!XܘaI#!XܘXXX 6#X XX!XܘK#!XܘXhX th#X XX!XܘK#!XܘXXX ԀAmendmentRighttoCounsel#X XX!Xܘ;L#!XܘXXX Ԁ!Because_Badmens_Ԁhadntyetbeenchargedwiththe  offensesagainstSue,hissixthamendmentrighttocounsel,whichwouldrequirethepresenceofhis  lawyerwhenbeingquestioned,wouldnotapply.Thus,theevidencewilllikelybeadmittedagainst  _Badmens_. t     #X XX!XܘL#  !XܘXXX REPRESENTATIVEANSWER2 L   #X XX!XܘN#  !XܘXXX  X#X XX!XܘO# 3 <DLX3!XܘXXX    ConstitutionalIssues  $ t  X#X XX!XܘO# <( 4 <DL  X<!XܘXXX #X XX!XܘP#!XܘXXX DNAEvidence#X XX!XܘP#  L    !XܘXXX   TheDNAsampleobtainedfrom_Badmens_ԀpursuanttotheMarylandDNACollectionAct  8  wouldbechallengedasaviolationofthe4#X XX!XܘR#!XܘXXX Ԁand5#X XX!XܘR#!XܘXhX th#X XX!XܘR#!XܘXXX ԀAmendmentsandtheexpostfactoclause. $  #X XX!XܘS#!XܘXXX #X XX!XܘS#!XܘXXX 4#X XX!XܘS#!XܘXhX th#X XX!Xܘ#T#!XܘXXX ԀAmend   #X XX!XܘjT#!XܘXXX   ThefourthAmendment,applicabletoMarylandthroughthe14#X XX!XܘT#!XܘXhX th#X XX!XܘVU#!XܘXXX ԀAmendmentoftheU.S.   Constitution,protectsindividualsfromunlawfulsearchesandseizures.Here,thecollectionofa   DNAsamplewithacottoncheekswabcouldbeconsideredaseizureofhispersonandsearch. p Nevertheless,tochallengeonthebasisofthe4#X XX!XܘU#!XܘXhX th#X XX!Xܘ%W#!XܘXXX ԀAmendment,someonemusthaveareasonable \ expectationofprivacy.Inthisinstance,_Badmens_,asaconvictedfeloninprison,willbeconsidered H tohavelessofanexpectationofprivacy.Additionally,thereisaverylimitedintrusionbyusinga 4 cheekswab,evenlessthancollectingabloodsample,andthiswillbebalancedagainstthe  p governmentsinterestinobtainingthesample.Thus,theCourtwillmostlikelydenyBadmens4#X XX!XܘlW#!XܘXhX th#X XX!XܘY#!XܘXXX   \ Amendmentchallenge. H     #X XX!Xܘ#Z#!XܘXXX 5#X XX!XܘZ#!XܘXhX th#X XX!Xܘ[#!XܘXXX ԀAmend   #X XX!XܘM[#!XܘXXX   The5#X XX!Xܘ[#!XܘXhX th#X XX!Xܘ\#!XܘXXX ԀAmendment,throughthe14#X XX!XܘJ\#!XܘXhX th#X XX!Xܘ\#!XܘXXX Ԁprotectssomeonefromselfincrimination.Although   itcouldbearguedthatbyprovidingtheDNAsample,_Badmens_Ԁincriminatedhimselfrelatedtothe  1994crime,theCourtwillnotagreewiththisargument.The5#X XX!Xܘ\#!XܘXhX th#X XX!XܘR^#!XܘXXX ԀAmendonlyprotects#X XX!Xܘ^#!XܘXXX testimonial  #X XX!Xܘ^#!XܘXXX evidenceandDNAisnottestimonialinnature.Thus,theCourtwillreject_Badmens_Ԁchallengeto  theDNAActongroundsofthe5#X XX!XܘX_#!XܘXhX th#X XX!XܘQ`#!XܘXXX ԀAmendment. l     #X XX!Xܘ`#!XܘXXX ExPostFactoClause D! #X XX!Xܘa#!XܘXXX   TheexpostfactoclauseoftheU.S.Constitutionprohibitsthegovernmentfromenacting 0"  lawsthatretroactivelypunishsomeoneforsomethingthatwasnotacrimewhentheycommittedit. #l! Here,submittingaDNAsampleisnotpunishmentfortheearliercrimes.Thus,theCourtwillreject $X" _Badmens_ԀargumentonthisgroundaswellbecausetheDNAActisnotpunitiveinnature.Thefact $D # thattheDNAsamplewasusedtoconnecthimtothe1994rapeandrobberyisimmaterial. %0!$     #X XX!Xܘa#!XܘXXX _Badmens_ԀStatement '#& #X XX!XܘMd#!XܘXXX   Challengestotheadmissibilityof_Badmens_Ԁstatementthathedidnotwantanyonefinding (#' outabout thatthingin1994onthebasisofthe5#X XX!Xܘd#!XܘXhX th#X XX!Xܘe#!XܘXXX Ԁand6#X XX!Xܘ7f#!XܘXhX th#X XX!Xܘf#!XܘXXX ԀAmendments.#X XX!Xܘf#!XܘXXX  )$(    h+&* D# D8]ܘ]XXdXXd8 D    Anargumentcouldbemadethatthisstatementshouldbeexcludedbecauseitwasobtained  without#X XX!Xܘg#!XܘXXX Miranda#X XX!Xܘh#!XܘXXX Ԁwarnings,inviolationof_Badmens_5#X XX!Xܘh#!XܘXhX th#X XX!Xܘqi#!XܘXXX ԀAmendmentrighttonotselfincriminate.  Nevertheless,thisisprobablyaweakargumentbecauseRitaRatchetthenurse,isnotlikelyalaw t enforcementagent.Also,itisnotclearthathewasincustodyorbeinginterrogatedatthetimehe ` madehisstatement.TheCourtwilllikelyadmittheevidenceonthisground. L        _Badmens_Ԁcanalsosayhisrighttocounselunderthe5#X XX!Xܘi#!XܘXhX th#X XX!Xܘ l#!XܘXXX Ԁand6#X XX!XܘQl#!XܘXhX th#X XX!Xܘl#!XܘXXX ԀAmendmentsviolatedhis  ` rights.Buthewasnotata criticalstage,itwasunrelatedtohistrialfrombefore,andhe  L  voluntarilymadethestatement.#X XX!Xܘl#  8           CXܘXXX      & " '"n;CXܘXXCXܘ    ;n  ;n>o݌̌  CXܘXXCXܘ   +.'0 [ [ [  QUESTION3   ;CXܘXXCXܘ    ;5p    PaulwasinjuredwhenhisvehiclecollidedwiththatofDaveonJune5,2003in_Calvert_  County,Maryland.;5p{p݌ t Ќ  CXܘXXCXܘ      OnAugust1,2004PaulfiledsuitagainstDavein_Calvert_ԀCountyCircuitCourtto L  recoverforinjurieshesustainedintheaccident.Bydiscovery,Paulsattorneylearnedthat 8  Davesliabilityinsurancelimitwas$50,000,andonNovember5,2004Paulsattorneyfiledan $ t amendedcomplaintaddingReliableInsuranceCo.,Paulsinsurancecompanyasadefendant.  ` PaulallegedthatReliablehadbreachedthe_underinsured_Ԁmotoristprovisionofhisinsurance  L  policybydenyingPaulsclaimfordamagesinexcessofDavesliabilitypolicylimits.Reliable  8  wasservedonNovember10,2004. $  ;CXܘXXCXܘ    ;t    OnNovember20,2004Davesinsurancecompanytenderedthepolicylimitsof   $50,000.00insettlementofPaulsclaim.OnDecember5,2004,priortothefilingbyReliableof   itsanswertotheamendedcomplaint,andwithoutinformingReliable,Paul,throughhisattorney,   acceptedtheofferandsignedareleaseofDaveand 8hisheirs,agents,executors,andallother p persons,firmsorcorporationsliableormightbeclaimedtobeliabletothe_releasor_Ԁforinjuryor \ damagearisingoutoftheaccidentofJune5,2003.OnDecember5,2004ajointstipulationof H dismissalofthesuitagainstDave(Count1oftheAmendedComplaint)wasfiled.;t0u݌ 4 Ќ  CXܘXXCXܘ    OnDecember10,2004,ReliablefileditsanswertoCount2oftheAmendedComplaint  \ andinalettertoPaulscounselrequestedasettlementdemand.Paulswrittendemandfor H $10,000wasacceptedbyReliableonDecember15,2004.Acheckinthatamountwaswritten 4 onDecember18,2004butwasnotsentbecauseReliablelearnedofthesettlementbetweenPaul   andDavethroughDavesattorney.ReliableclaimsthatPaulbreachedtheinsurancecontractby   failingtoobtainReliablesconsentpriortosettlement,citingthefollowingprovisions:   A/01234567(03F/ /"/"  ,E1` hp x (#XE   ,E(` ` hp x (#X(#E/V|2(  a  )3   `   The_underinsured_Ԁmotoristinsurancedoesnotapplyiftheinsuredsettleswithout  ourwrittenconsentwithanypartywhomaybeliable./V|E}݌ l Ќ ! X` ` X(#!   "/"  ,E1` hp x (#XE   ,E(` ` hp x (#X(#E/~2(  b  )3   `   Wewillnotpayany_underinsured_Ԁmotoristlossuntilthelimitsofallbodilyinjury D! liabilitycoverageavailablefromanysourcehasbeenexhaustedbypaymentof 0"  settlementsorjudgments./~݌ #l! Ќ ! X` ` X(#!   XB.` hp x (#XB X XH.` hp x (#X(#HAsofDecember10,2004neitherPaulnorhisattorneyhadinformedReliableofthe $D # settlementwithDavesinsurer.Neitherhadmadeanyfalsestatementsorotherwiseactively %0!$ concealedanyfactsfromReliable.Reliablemadenoinquiryastothestatusofthesuitagainst &"% DavebeforeagreeingtosettlePaulsclaimunderthe_underinsured_Ԁprovisionofthepolicy. '#&  X XE.` hp x (#X(#E< XCXܘXXCXܘ    X<  InamotionbyPaultoenforcethesettlementwithReliable,how,andonwhat )$( groundsshouldthecourtrule? <݌ |*%) O O O  ь  CXܘXXCXܘ X  8CXܘXXCXܘX' XXCXܘBX XXX'       #X X XBXWn#CXܘXXX &  8D  REPRESENTATIVEANSWER#18D&  Ԍ  Ќ  CXܘXXCXܘCXܘXXCXܘCXܘXXCXܘ    '9CXܘXXCXܘ     & t 99    Paulisattemptingtoenforcethe$10,000settlementacceptancebyRelianceInsurance.  Conversely,_Reliable_ԀInsuranceisattemptingtorevokeitsacceptanceofPaulswrittendemand t for$10,000afteritalreadyacceptedit.ReliablearguesthatPaulbreachedhiscontractwith ` ReliablebyfailingtoobtainReliableswrittenconsentpriortosettlement.Thus,theprimary L  issueiswhethertheacceptanceisbindingonReliableInsurance.Theacceptanceislikely 8  bindingonReliable.99  tԌ $ t Ќ  CXܘXXCXܘ    't  SubsectionAoftheinsurancecontractunambiguouslystatesthatthe_underinsured_  L  motoristinsurancewillnotapplywithoutReliableswrittenconsent.Thus,absentReliables  8  December15thacceptancethisprovisionwouldalmostcertainlyapplyandbarPaulsrecovery $  againstReliable.Courtsarehesitanttosecondguessthenatureofsuchprovisions,eventhough   itislikelythatReliablecouldtakenoactiontopreventthesettlementagainstDave.Thus,absent   Reliablesacceptance,thisprovisionwouldbeenforced.     SubsectionB,however,isslightlymoreproblematic.SubsectionBstatesthatReliable p willnotpayany_underinsured_Ԁmotoristlossuntilallothersourceshavebeenexhausted. \ Importantly,thereisnonoticerequirementregardingthisprovision.Becausethefactsstipulate H thatDavesliabilityinsurancewasexhausted,Paulhassatisfiedthisprovision(unlessthereis 4 secondtort_feasor_Ԁornegligentparty).  p   BecauseneitherPaulnorhisattorneyinformedReliableofPaulssettlementwithDave, H PaulbreachedSubsectionAoftheReliableinsurancepolicy.Nowhereintheprovidedtwo 4 provisionsdoesitstatethatReliablehadtheresponsibilitytoinvestigateastotheprogressof   PaulscasewithDave.However,withthegivenfacts,Reliablecouldhaveeasilyinvestigated   theprogressofPaulssuitwithDavebeforeacceptingPaulswrittendemandandthecourtwill  notactassecondchancemechanismbecauseofReliablesfailuretorecognizethatPaul  breachedhiscontract.Moreover,thefactthatPaulrecoveredthefullpolicylimitfromDave  rendersnoticeofthesettlementsomewhatimmaterialbecausePaulcouldnotrecoveranything l furtherfromDaveandPaul,therefore,wouldhavemadethedemandtoReliableinanyevent. X    Thus,onthewhole,ReliableacceptedPaulswrittendemand.OnceitacceptedPauls 0"  demand,anyargumentthatPaulbreachedSubsectionAiswithoutmerit.Reliablecouldhave #l! easilyinvestigatedtheprogressofPaulssettlementwithDaveanditdidnot.Thus,Paulshould $X" beabletoenforcehisjudgmentagainstReliable. $D #     )$( 8CXܘXXCXܘX' XXCXܘBX XXX'       #X X XBX#CXܘXXX &   8  REPRESENTATIVEANSWER#28З  `Ԍ  Ќ  CXܘXXCXܘCXܘXXCXܘCXܘXXCXܘ  ';CXܘXXCXܘ    X;Ԙ  ThecourtwilllikelyenforcePaulssettlementwithReliableifitfindsReliablewaived  thecitedprovisions.;Ԙ(݌ t Ќ  CXܘXXCXܘ  X      Althoughprovision(a)expresslyrequiresReliableswrittenconsentforsettlementwith 8  anotherparty,ReliablewaivedthatrightwhenitagreedtoacceptPaulswrittendemandfor $ t $10,000onDecember15.Rightsandobligationstoacontractcanbeexpresslyorimpliedly  ` waivedbytheparties.Reliableimpliedlywaiveditsrighttobeinformedoftheothersettlement.  L    ReliablebecamepartofthesuitwhenservedonNovember10.Therefore,ithadample $  opportunitytorequestdiscoveryofDavesinsurancetolearnofPaulsalternatesourceof   recovery.     Also,ReliablehadalreadydeniedPaulsclaiminexcessof$50,000(Davesliability   limits)and,therefore,hadnoticethatPaulwouldattempttocollectfromDave.Additional p noticeofpotentialsettlementwithDaveorhisinsurancecompanywasthesuititselfandthatthe \ suitwasdismissedonDecember5,priortoReliablesrequestforsettlement.Further,although H PaulandhisattorneydidnotinformReliableofthesettlement,theydidnotconcealiteither. 4 Reliablecouldhaveinquiredpriortoagreeingtothe$10,000settlement,butmadenoinquiry  p aboutit.  \   Also,whenReliableagreedtothe$10,000settlement,itwascomplyingwithprovision 4 (b)whichsaysitwontpaysettlementuntilothersourcesofpaymenthadbeenexhausted.From   Reliables_perspective,_ԀitdidnotinquirewhetherPaulreceivedpaymentfromanyothersource.   Therefore,itwaiveditsrightunderthatprovisionaswell.    Finally,apartymaysettlewithmultipledefendantssolongasthetotalsettlementisnot  inexcessofdamages.PaulstotaldamageswerenotdisclosedbutthereisnoindicationPauls l damageswerelessthan$60,000.Also,thefactstellusthatPauldidnotmakeanyfalse X  statementtoReliable. D!     Inconclusion,thecourtshouldenforcethesettlementbecauseReliablewaivedthe #l! contractrightstonoticeunderprovision(a)bynotinquiringaboutpotentialsettlementwhenit $X" wasonnoticeandbyagreeingtothesettlementwithoutenforcingitsrightunderprovision(b). $D #    :    :2    :2Y݌̌  x   @  @`  @  @  @h  @  *B&* QUESTION4     :  :g  BillBuilderisinthebusinessofbuildingcustomhomes.Heownsaresidence,   _Greenacre_,inAnne_Arundel_ԀCounty.Inaddition,heowns _Blueacre_,acommercialproperty t inPrinceGeorgesCounty,wherehestoresconstructionequipmentworthover$100,000.:g݌ ` Ќ  :  :u  :u݌̌  :  :ڨ    OnDecember1,2004,ajudgmentwasenteredagainstBillintheDistrictCourtofAnne 8  _Arundel_ԀCountyfor$20,000infavorofHenriettaHomeowner.OnDecember16,2004,Bank $ t obtainedajudgmentagainstBillintheCircuitCourtforPrinceGeorgesCountyintheamount  ` of$100,000.OnDecember18,Bankrecordedaproperlycertifiedcopyofitsjudgmentinthe  L  Anne_Arundel_ԀCountyCircuitCourt.OnDecember27,2004,LeasingCompanyobtaineda  8  judgmentagainstBillfor$50,000inAnne_Arundel_ԀCountyCircuitCourt.Allofthejudgment $  werevalidlyindexedandrecordedinaccordancewiththeMarylandRules.Billappealedthe   judgmentsinfavorofBankandLeasingCompanytotheCourtofSpecialAppealsbutdidnot   filea_supersedeas_bondorsimilarsecurity.:ڨ݌   Ќ  :  :  :݌̌  :  :    OnJanuary15,2005,whiletheappealswerepending.HenriettarecordedaNoticeof p LienforherjudgmentintheCircuitCourtsofAnne_Arundel_ԀCountyandPrinceGeorges \ County.OnJanuary17,HenriettaobtainedawritofexecutionfromtheCircuitCourtofPrince H GeorgesCounty.ThewritlistedBillsconstructionequipment.Onthenextday,theSherifffor 4 PrinceGeorgesCountyservedthewritonBillandtookpossessionoftheequipment.: ݌  p Ќ  :  :  :ϰ݌̌  :  :    Basedonthesefacts,analyzewhohasvalidliensagainst _Greenacre_, _Blueacre_ H andtheconstructionequipmentandinwhatpriority. :4݌ 4 Ќ  :  :  :݌̌    REPRESENTATIVEANSWER#1       Henrietta:  OnDecember1,ajudgmententeredintheDistrictCourtforAnne_Arundel_  Countyfor$20,000infavorofHenriettaHomeowner.Althoughshereceivedherjudgmenton  December1,ajudgmentinadistrictcourtconstitutesalienfromthedateofrecordingaNotice p ofLieninthecountyofrecording.OnJanuary15,Henriettarecordedanoticeoflienforher \  judgmentintheCircuitCourtofAnne_Arundel_ԀCountyandPrinceGeorgesCounty.OnJanuary H! 17,HenriettaobtainedawritofexecutionfromtheCircuitCourtforPrinceGeorgesCounty. 4"  ThewritlistedBillsconstructionequipment.OnJanuary18,thesheriffforPrinceGeorges  #p! CountyservedthewritonBillandtookpossessionofequipment.Henriettahasavalidlien  $\" againsttheequipmentasofJanuary17andhasprioritybecauseshetookpossession. $H #   Bank:OnDecember16,BankobtainedjudgmentintheCircuitCourtforPrince & "% GeorgesCountyintheamountof$100,000.OnDecember18,Bankrecordedaproperly ' #& certifiedcopyofthejudgmentintheAnne_Arundel_ԀCountyCircuitCourt. (#'   )$(   Amoneyjudgmentofacourtconstitutesalientotheamountandfromthedateofthe   judgmentonthejudgmentdebtorsinterestinlandlocatedinthecountyinwhichthejudgment  wasrendered.AlljudgmentswerevalidlyindexedandrecordedinaccordancewithMaryland  rules.Therefore,alljudgmentsconstitutealientotheamountinlandlocatedinbothAnne t _Arundel_ԀCountyandPrinceGeorgesCounty. `   Amoneyjudgmentthatisrecordedandindexedinthecountyofentryconstitutesalien 8  fromthedateoftheentryintheamountofthejudgmentandpostjudgmentinterestinthe $ t defendantsinterestinlandlocatedinthatcounty.TheBanklieniseffectiveasofDecember16  ` inBlueAcre(PrinceGeorgesCounty)andDecember18inGreenAcre(Anne_Arundel_ԀCounty).  L    LeasingCompany:OnDecember27LeasingCompanyobtainedjudgmentfor$50,000in   Anne_Arundel_ԀCountyCircuitCourt.LeasingCompanydidnotfilethejudgmentinPrince   GeorgesCounty(seeabove).LeasingCompanyslienonthelandinAnne_Arundel_ԀCountyis   effectiveasofDecember27inGreenAcre(Anne_Arundel_ԀCounty).     Anappellantmaystaytheenforcementofanyciviljudgmentfromwhichanappealis \ takenbyfilingwiththeclerkofthelowercourta_supersedeas_Ԁbondoralternatesecurity.Bill H appealedjudgmentsinfavorofBankandLeasingCompanyintheCourtofSpecialAppealsbut 4 didnotfilea_supersedeas_Ԁbondorsimilarsecurity.Hewillnotbeentitledtostaythe  p enforcementofeitherjudgment.  \     REPRESENTATIVEANSWER#2 4     PerSection11403,Henriettaswritofexecutiononher$20,000moneyjudgment   constitutesalienonthedefendantspersonalpropertywhentheactuallevywasmade,and  extendsonlytothepropertyincludedinthelevy.Thus,Henrietta,atthispoint,hastheonly  validlienonBillspersonalproperty!theconstructionequipment!andhaspriorityonthat  securityupto$20,000. l   Rule2623extendsthistreatmenttotheMarylandDistrictCourtjudgmentuponreceipt D! ofacopyofthejudgment.HenriettarecordedhernoticeoflienjudgmentonJanuary15,2005so 0"  shesokayastotheequipment.Hersecurityinterestintheequipmentwouldhavepriority. #l! Section11402allowsthatamoneyjudgmentofacourtconstitutesalientotheamountofthe $X" judgmentinanyrealpropertylocatedinthecountyofjudgment,aslongasthejudgmentwas $D # indexedandrecordedpursuanttotheMarylandRules,whichthefactsstateallofthejudgments %0!$ weresorecorded. &"%   Therefore,BanksjudgmentattachedasalienonBillsPrinceGeorgesCounty (#' commercialpropertyassoonasitwasrecorded!aroundDecember16,2004. )$(  |*%)   LeasingCompanylikewiseobtainedalienonBillsAnne_Arundel_ԀCountyresidenceon  December27,2004.    HenriettaobtainedajudgmenthereonBillsAnne_Arundel_ԀCountyresidenceandthe t PrinceGeorgesCountycommercialpropertyonJanuary15,2004(whenshefiledintheCircuit ` Courtinthosecounties).Further,perSection11402(e),ifamoneyjudgmentislaterrecordedin L  theCircuitCourtinanothercountyperMarylandRules,ajudgmentlienwillattachtoreal 8  propertyinthatcounty.ThusBank,byrecordingitsjudgmentnoticeinAnne_Arundel_ԀCircuit $ t CourtobtainedjudgmenthereonBillsAnne_Arundel_ԀresidenceonDecember182004.Thus,for  ` prioritypurposes,BankhaspriorityinboththePrinceGeorgesandAnne_Arundel_Ԁcountiesreal  L  properties(upto$100,000)sinceitwasthefirstliencreditortoperfectitslienuponrecordingor  8  obtainingjudgmentintheappropriatecounties.LeasingCompanyhassecondprioritysinceit $  filedsecondontherealpropertyontheAnne_Arundel_ԀCountyresidence(upto$50,000).     HenriettahasthirdpriorityintherealpropertyinAnne_Arundel_ԀCountysinceshefiled   third,butsecondpriorityinthePrinceGeorgesCountypropertysinceLeadingCompanynever   filednoticeofjudgmentthere.Again,Henriettahasfirstpriorityintheequipment. p   Finally,inorderforBilltostaytheenforcementofanyciviljudgmentduringhisappeal, H hemustcomplywithMarylandRule8422(a)(1)andfilewiththeclerkofthelowercourta 4 _supersedeas_Ԁbondper8424,alternativesecurityper8425,orothersecurityper8_Ԅ424._Ԁ  p Enforcementcanbestayedbeforethejudgmentissatisfied!hecanstilldoit,butthefactsshow  \ hehasntdoneeither. H   #X XXCXܘ#!XܘXXX        QUESTION5  |*%)  XB( ` hp x X(#BӀ   X?+ ` hp x X?  ThecaseofGuestv.Landlord,isanegligenceactionarisingoutofanaccidentinwhich  Ms.GuestwasinjuredMarch1,2004,whereshetrippedonabrokenstepinthestairwayof t Landlordsapartmentbuilding,whereGuestwasaninvitee.Thetranscriptofajurytrial ` includesthefollowingexcerpts: L  .  EXCERPTA  8    <( ` hp x X<A1 ` PlaintiffsLawyer: h Ms.Guest,tellushowthestairwaywaslighted?  ` A2 ` Ms.Guest:   h Thestairwaywasdimlylit.Thelightonthelandingofthe  8  A3 `     h secondfloorwasburnedout!beenburnedoutforquitea   A4 `     h whilefromwhatIunderstand.Oneofthetenantstoldmeit   A5 `     h hadbeenoutformorethanaweek. p A6 ` PlaintiffsLawyer: h Howdidthelackofilluminationimpairyourabilitytosee H AA7 `     h thebrokenstep?  p A8 ` Ms.Guest:   h Inthedarkness,thestepsalllookedthesame.Icouldnt H A9 `     h seethatonestepwasbroken.     B+ ` hp x ` XB EXCERPTB     <( ` hp x X<B1 ` PlaintiffsLawyer: h Mr.Smith,wheredidyouliveonMarch1,2004?  B+ ` hp x ` XBB2  0 ` Mr.Smith:   h IlivedinApartmentC,thefirstapartmentonthesecondX ` (#` (# B3   `    0 h floorofLandlordsbuilding.0" h(#h(# B4   ` PlaintiffsLawyer: h OnMarch1,2004,whatwastheconditionofthelightin $X" B5   `     h thestairwayoutsideyourapartment? %0!$ <( ` hp x X<B6 ` Mr.Smith:   h Well,thelightwasout!burnedout. '#& B7 ` PlaintiffsLawyer: h Whendiditburnout? )$( B8 ` Mr.Smith:   h Idsaythatithadbeenburnedoutforaboutaweekbefore    B9 `    0 h March1.h(#h(#   B10 ` PlaintiffsLawyer: h Whenyoufirstnoticedthatthelightwasburnedout,what ` B11 `    0 h didyoudo?8 h(#h(# B12 ` Mr.Smith:   h Thedayitburnedout,IcalledupLandlordandtoldhim.  ` B13 ` PlaintiffsLawyer: h Whatdidhesay?  8  B14 ` Mr.Smith:   h Hesaidhedfixitrightaway!butheneverfixesanything     B15 `    0 h whenhesays.Usually,ittakesaweekortwobeforehe h(#h(# B16 `    0 h getsaroundtoreplacinglightbulbs.ph(#h(#   B17 ` PlaintiffsLawyer: h Withthatlightout,inyouropinion,howwellcoulda H B18 `    0 h personseethesteps? ph(#h(# B19 ` Mr.Smith:   h Withthelightout,IknowIcouldntseethestepsverywell H B20 `    0 h atall,andIhavegoodeyes.Thelightbeingoutmadeit h(#h(#   B21 `    0 h verydifficulttosee.h(#h(#     B+ ` hp x ` XB EXCERPTC     <( ` hp x X<C1 ` PlaintiffsLawyer: h Dr.Jones,whenyouexaminedthePlaintiff,Ms.Guest, X  C2 `    0 h whatdidyoufind?0" h(#h(# C3 ` Dr.Jones:   h Idontremember!itwasquitesometimeago. $X" C4 ` PlaintiffsLawyer: h Arethoseyourclinicalnotesthatyouareholding? %0!$ C5 ` Dr.Jones:   h Yes,theyarethenoteswhichImadeimmediatelyaftermy '#& C6 `    0 h examination.)$(h(#h(# C7 ` PlaintiffsLawyer: h Pleasereviewyournotesandtelluswhatyoufoundwhen  C8 `    0 h youexaminedMs.Guest?h(#h(# B+ ` hp x ` XBC9   ` 0 0 (# (#0h(#(#(Apause)`h(#h(# <( ` hp x X<C10 ` Dr.Jones:   h Well,thenotesappeartoindicatethatMs.Guesthada 8  C11 `    0 h fractureofherleftwristandhadalargeabrasionofherleft `h(#h(#   C12 `    0 h knee8(etc). 8 h(#h(#   B+ ` hp x ` XB   Assumethatallnecessaryobjectionsand/ormotionstostrikeweretimelymadeby   Landlordslawyer.Withrespecttoeachexcerpt,identifytheobjectionsandmotionsto   strikewhichshouldhavebeenraisedbyLandlordslawyerandevaluatehowthecourt   wouldrule.       REPRESENTATIVEANSWER1  H     TheCourtwilladmitevidencethatisrelevantinassistingthetrieroffact.  p       A3!Ms.Guestisspeculatingabouthowlongthelighthasbeenburnedout.Court H shouldsustaintheobjection. 4     A45!Ms.Guestistestifyingabouthearsay,outofcourtstatementofferedforitstruth.   Thetenantisnotonthestandandnoexceptionapplies.Itshouldsustaintheobjectionandthe  testimonyshouldbestricken.      A6!SeemsthatPlaintiffslawyerisleadingMs.Guest.Courtshouldsustainthe l objectionandallowPlaintiffslawyertorephrase. X      B8!Mr.Smithisspeculatingaboutwhenthelightburnedout.Objectionsustained. 0"        B12! calleduplandlordandtoldhimsoundslikehearsay,butnotofferingstatement $X" ofwhatMr.Smithtoldhim.Socourtshouldoverruleobjection. $D #     B1415!Hearsay.Seeabove.Maybeadmissionbypartyopponent,butnotadmitting &"% liability.Anegativeinferencemaybedrawn.However,Courtwouldlikelyadmitthestatement. '#&     B1516!Characterizingthelandlordandnonresponsivetoquestion.Objection )$( sustainedandstatementstricken. |*%)     B1718!Layopinionisonlyadmissibleincertainareas,suchasspeedandintoxication.  Objectionsustained,Mr.Smithcannottestifyaboutanotherpersonsabilitytoseesteps.        B20Mr.Smithsaidhehasgoodeyesnonresponsivetoquestion. `     C3!Plaintiffslawyerattemptingtosetupthefoundationforrefreshingrecollection. 8  Dr.Jonesmustshowheremembereditatthetimeandthentestifyfrompresentmemoryafter $ t havingopportunitytorefreshhisrecollection.  `     C10!Mr.Jonesappearstobereadingfromhisnotesnottestifyingfrompresent  8  memory.Objectionshouldbesustained.Dr.Jonesshouldnotbeallowedtotestifyfromreading $  hisnoteshoweverPlaintiffslawyercouldattempttoadmithisnotesaspastrecollection   recorded.       REPRESENTATIVEANSWER2           ` Generallyallrelevantandmaterialevidenceisadmissibleifnotmisleading@the \ soundofdiscretionofthetrialjudge,ifnot_violative_Ԁofanotherruleofevidence.Relevant H evidenceisevidencethattendstoproveafactofconsequencetotheaction.Hearsayevidence, 4 outofcourtstatementsofferedforthetruthofthematterassertedaregenerallyinadmissible  p subjecttoexception.Landlordslawyershouldhaveraisedthefollowingobjectionsand  \ motions. H     A.Motiontostrikewhat oneofthetenantshadtoldMs.Guestashearsay.Suchan   objectionwouldbeoverruledasitisnotbeingofferedforthetruthofthematterasserted,but   rathertoshowtheLandlordnoticeofaconditiononthestairs.Noticebeinganelementofthe  standardofcareowedtoaninvitee.        Landlordsattorney(LA)shouldhaveobjectedtoPlaintiffsAttorney(PA)second l question(A6)asleading.PAisaskingnonpreliminaryquestionsondirectexaminationofa X  nonadversewitness.Accordingly,PAmaynotleadthewitnessasheisdoing. D!       AlsoLAcouldobjectasthequestionassumesfactsnotyetinevidence(i.e.thatthestep #l! wasbroken,impairedabilitytosee).Accordingly,LLattorneyshouldmovetostrikethe $X" response. $D #     B. ` LLshouldobjecttoPAsquestiononlineB13 whatdidhesayascallingfor &"% hearsay.However,theLLsownstatementswouldbeadmissibleasanexceptiontothehearsay '#& ruleasadmissionsofapartyopponent.HereLLsownstatementsarebeingusedagainsthim (#' andarethereforeadmissible. )$(    |*%)     However,Iwouldmovetostrikeeverythingafter away! asitisnonresponsiveand  theprejudicethatitwouldcausesubstantiallyoutweighstheprobativevalue.      Further,Mr.Smithsopiniontestimony,B17+18,shouldbeobjectedto.Typically, ` onlyexpertsmayprovideopiniontestimony.Theneedforanexpertisinthesounddiscretionof L  thetrialjudgeandthesubjectmattermustbeoneinwhichexperttestimonyisneededtoassist 8  jury.Further,PLmustqualifyMr.Smithashavinganyknowledgeskilltohaveexpertiseand $ t thatthereisafactualbasisfortheexpertise.Here,properfoundationhasnotbeenlaidforthe  ` admissibilityofexperttestimony.  L        C. ` Anindividualmayhavetheirmemoriesrefreshedonthestandbyanydocument. $  However,LLattorneyhasarighttoexaminethosenotesbeforetheyareusedtoensureeffective   crossexamination.Accordingly,LLattorneyshouldasktoreviewthenotes.         Secondly,thenotesshouldbetakenawayfromthedoctorwhensheindicateshermemory   hasinfactbeenrefreshed.ShecannottestifytothesubstanceofthenotesasC10C11.I p wouldmovetostrike. \       LLcouldhaveherreadthenotesintotherecordaspastrecollectionrecorded,an 4 exceptiontothehearsayrule,butproperfoundationmustbelaid,(1)Thattheyweremadebythe  p Dr.(2)atornearthetime,(3)whenshehadgoodrecollection,(4)fairandaccurate.ThenDr.  \ mayreadthemintotherecord,thisisnotthesameastestifying thenotesappeartoindicate. H       #X XX!Xܘ#!XܘXXX   #X XX!XܘK #    !XܘXXX    |*%) QUESTION6     @  @  @     ӀHarryandWandaweredivorcedabsolutelyin2003,basedonamutualandvoluntary  separationforatleastoneyear.Atthetimeofthedivorce,thepartieshadtwominorchildren, t agestwoandfour.Harryhadattendedafewcollegecourses,andregularlyearned ` $200,000/annuallyfromabarandexoticdanceclubheownedandoperatedinMontgomery L  County.Wandaworked16hoursperweekasaregisterednurse,earningabout$25,000/annually 8  ingrosswages.ThejudgmentofdivorcebytheCircuitCourtforMontgomeryCounty $ t incorporatedthepartiesagreementdividingtheirmaritalproperty,awardingcustodyofthe  ` minorchildrentoWanda,andorderingHarrytopaychildsupportof$2,000permonthand  L  $3,000permonthalimonyforfiveyears.  8      Shortlyafterthedivorce,Harrybeganattendinganewchurchwherethepastorpreached   againstthesinsofliquorandpromiscuity.Harryvowedtothepastorandothersinthechurch   thathewouldchangehislifestyleandnolongerprofitfromwhathecalled thewagesofsin.   In2004,Harrysoldtheclubforafairpriceandinvestedthenetproceedsof$300,000inlong   termtreasurybondsyielding$12,000annually.HarrytookafulltimejobasamanageratHome p Supplies,ahardwarechainstorefor$40,000annually.Heenrolledinanonlinedivinityschool \ wherehepursuedadegreeinhissparetime.Latein2004,Harryinheritedfromhisunclea H home,locatedinaMontgomeryCountycommunityandvaluedat$600,000.Harrymovedinto 4 thishome.  p       InJanuary2005,HarryfiledaPetitionintheCircuitCourtforMontgomeryCountyto H reducehisobligationstopaychildsupportandalimony.Basedontheabovefacts,Wanda 4 arguedthatthetrialcourtshouldignoreHarrysactualincomeof$52,000annually,andthat   Harryhadvoluntarilyreducedhis2003incomeof$200,000andnowownedavaluablehome.   Harryalsotestifiedthattheinheritedhomewashisonlyresidenceandproducednoincome.  NeitherHarrynorWandahaveanyothersubstantialassets.      ThetrialcourtagreedwithWanda,findingHarryhadvoluntarilyreducedhis$200,000 l incomeandnowownedavaluableresidence.Thetrialcourtrefusedtomodifyits2003order, X  awardingWanda$2,000permonthchildsupportand$3,000permonthalimonyforfiveyears. D!     HarryappealedtotheCourtofSpecialAppeals,claimingthatthetrialcourtcommitted #l! reversibleerrorinitsdecision. $X"   X  $D # Howwilltheappellatecourtrule?Whatreasonswillitgiveforitsdecision? %,!$  X      x*%) REPRESENTATIVEANSWER1     TheAppellatecourtwillfirstaddresstheissueofifHarryvoluntarilyreducedhisincome.  UnderMarylandlaw,apartymaynotvoluntarilyreducetheirincomeinordertoavoidpayingchild ` supportoralimony.Ifthereisachangeincircumstancesthatdoesnotviolatethisrule,thenaparty L  mayproperlypetitiontohavethepaymentsadjustedasHarryhasdone. 8      ThecourtwillexaminethereasonswhyHarryhasdecreasedhisincome.Hisnewchurch  ` andapossiblesincerebeliefthatheshouldnotprofitfrom thewagesofsinarefactorsto  L  consider.Thesaleofhisbusinessandsubsequentacceptanceofanewjobfor$40,000ayear  8  evidencehisbelief.Harrysincomewasreducedform$200,000peryearto$52,000peryearand $  heappearedtointendtoliveoffthisamountofincomewhilehestudiesatdivinityschool.Hedid   notinheritthehomeuntilafterallofthesechanges,sothatshouldnotfactorintoevaluatingHarrys   purpose.ThecourtmayreasonablyfindthatHarrysintentwasnottolowerhispaymentsand   shouldnotautomaticallyrejecthisrequestonthatbasis.         Theevaluationofchildsupportandalimonypaymentsthenismadeusinganumberof \ factors.ThecourtshouldweighthatWandaonlyworks16hoursaweek,ifshestilldoes,because H sheistakingcareoftwochildren.Harryalsohasalargeamountoftreasurybondsthat,whilenot 4 maritalproperty,mayallowhimtocontinuehishighstandardofliving.Harryadditionallyhasa  p newhouse.Ifallofthesefactsarebeforetheappellatecourt,andatleasttheinformationaboutthe  \ residenceisinthefacts,thelowercourtdecisiondoesnotseemimproper. H     Theappellatecourtshouldupholdthelowercourtdecisionthatthechildsupportand   alimonypaymentsareequitable.ThereissomedoubtastoHarrysvoluntaryreductioninsalaryin   ordertolowerhispayments,butthedecisionofthetrialcourtseemsnottobeerroneousandshould  notbeoverturnedonthesegrounds.      REPRESENTATIVEANSWER2  l "    First,asthepartieshadasettlement/postnuptialagreement,thecourtshouldattempttolook D! tothepartiesintentasitwasincorporatedintothejudgment. 0"      Theappellatecourtshouldaddresstheissuesinvolvingthechildsupportandalimony. $X" Harry(H)needstoshowthattherewasamaterialandsubstantialchangetohiscircumstancesthat $D # wouldconstituteareduction(oranychange)inhischildsupportpayments.IfthecourtfindsH %0!$ voluntarilyimpoverishedhimself,thecourtshouldnotfindthechangesubstantialtoreduce &"% paymentsbyimputinghisoriginalsalary. '#&     ThecourtwillmostlikelyfindthatHdidnotvoluntarilyimpoverishhimselfbecause )$( nothingindicatesthatHsoldhisbaronlytogetoutofalimonyandchildsupport.Instead,thefacts |*%) showthatHintendedtochangehislifestyleandnotprofitfromthebarandLiquorsales,orasH  callsthem,the wagesofsin.Hsoldtheclubforafairprice,showinghestillwasnotthinkingof  hisobligationsofsupportwhenhechosetodothis.AlthoughHonlytookajobasamanager,  significantlydecreasinghissalary,hedidnothaveacollegedegree,havingonlytakenafewcourses t incollege.Hemostlikelywouldhavebeenunabletoobtainahigherpayingjob,butcertainlynot ` oneequivalenttothemoneyhereceivedfromthebar. L      HissalarywouldstillbehigherthanWandas( W)becausehis$12,000fromthetreasury $ t bondsthathereceivedannually(whichhereceivedfromsellingthebar,anitemthatwasoriginally  ` maritalproperty)wouldbeaddedtothe$40,000totaling$52,000.Hischildsupportandalimony  L  paymentswouldbereducedaccordinglysincethatismuchlowerthanthe$200,000.  8      However,Halsoinheritedahouseworth$600,000.Nowalthoughthisisntmarital   propertybecauseH&Waredivorced(eveniftheyweremarriedthiswouldstillbeseparate   propertybecauseheinheriteditfromhisuncle),thecourtmayconsiderthishouseindetermining   Hsvalue.AlthoughthecourtcouldlikelyrequireHtosellthehouse,buyasmallerhouseforless   money,usethemoneytopayhischildsupportandalimonyobligations,itseemsunlikelythata p courtwoulddoso.ThiswasagifttoH,hemakesnomoneyfromthishouse,itcantbegiventoW \ foruseasthefamilyhomebecauseeventhoughshehascustodyofthekids,thiswasnotthefamily H homeoriginallyandnothingindicatesWhasanissuewithhousing. 4     Also,thisiswhereHlivesandhesentitledtolivethereandthecourtshouldnot,andmost  \ likelywillnot,requireHtosellthehousethatheinheritedinordertopayW.Also,theagreement H onlyrequiredHtopayalimonyfor5yearsandhehasbeenpayingforatleast2years,afactorthe 4 courtmayalsoconsider.Thus,thecourtwillmostlikelyonlyreduceitschildsupportandalimony   paymentsaccordingtohis$52,000annualincome.   #X XX!Xܘ #v       XJ !XܘXXX  )$( QUESTION7   #X XX!Xܘj2#  X!XܘXXX JohnandRosearemembersoftheChurchinFrederick,Maryland.Theirneighbor,Helen,isan  attorneylicensedinMarylandandisalsoamemberoftheBoardofDirectorsoftheChurch.Helengavea t shortpresentationonthefinancialneedsoftheChurchandontheChurchsdesiretoincreasecontributions ` throughbequestsorgiftstotheChurch.AweekafterHelenspresentation,JohnandRoseretainedHelen L  topreparethelegaldocumentsnecessarytomakeasubstantialgifttotheChurch.JohnandRose 8  completedthegifttotheChurchin1998,andtheyhadnofurthercontactwithHelen. $ t #X XX!Xܘ2#3!XܘXXX   ` InJanuary2005,RosecalledHelentoletherknowthatshewantedtodivorceJohn.Helensuggests  8  thatBill,oneofherlawpartners,representRoseinherdivorcefromJohn.AftermeetingwithRosethat $  sameafternoon,BillacceptedaretainerfromRoseof$1,000.Hedepositedtheretainerintothefirms   operatingaccount.Inaddition,RoseagreedtopayBillfeesatthehourlyrateof$400andonethird(1/3)of   thevalueofeitheranypropertysettlementorawardmadetoherinthedivorce.          X#X XX!Xܘ?6#  !XܘXXX Basedsolelyontheabovefacts,describeanybehaviorthatyoubelieveconstitutesanethical p violationundertheMarylandRulesofProfessionalConduct.Explainyouranswerfully #X XX!XܘT9#!XܘXXX  \ #X XX!Xܘb:#s6!XܘXXX #X XX!Xܘ:#  !XܘXXX REPRESENTATIVEANSWER1 #X XX!Xܘ!;#!XܘXXX   p #X XX!Xܘ};#!XܘXXX Helen!ConflictofInterestin1998#X XX!Xܘ;#!XܘXXX  H  @  @ #X XX!XܘC<#  !XܘXXX   HelenviolatedtheRuleswhensherepresentedJohnandRosein1998becauseHelenhada   potentialmateriallimitationtoherrepresentationanddidnotproperlyobtainherclientsconsent.   Althoughjointrepresentationofadonoranddoneeisnotalwaysaconflict,thereasonable  possibilitythatherrepresentationwouldbelimitedexisted.Forexample,shemayhavebeen  unabletobecompletelyloyaltoJohnandRoseastheydecidedhowbigofagifttogive.However,  ifHelenreasonablybelievedherrepresentationofJohnandRosewouldnotbemateriallylimited, l shecouldofferjointrepresentationaftertheclientsgaveinformed,writtenconsent.Thefactsdo X  notindicatethatHelenreceivedsuchconsent,sosheviolatedtheRules. D! #X XX!Xܘ<#!XܘXXX #X XX!Xܘ@#  !XܘXXX Conflictin2005!HelenandBill#X XX!Xܘ@#!XܘXXX  #l! #X XX!XܘhA#!XܘXXX #X XX!XܘA#  !XܘXXX   Attorneysoweadutyofloyaltytoformerclientsaswellasclients,andtheconflictrulesare $D # imputedtootherlawyersworkinginafirm.Thus,Billlikewiseenteredarepresentationwithout %0!$ properlyfollowingtheconflictrules.Here,theinterestsofJohnandRosewere#X XX!XܘB#!XܘXXX directly#X XX!XܘC#!XܘXXX Ԁadverse. &"% Assuch,BillandRosesfirmhadanimputeddisqualification,unlessRosehadenteredthefirm '#& after1998,andwascompletelyscreenedofffromthedivorcecase. (#' #X XX!XܘC#<  !XܘXXX  )$( FailuretoProtectClientsProperty#X XX!Xܘ=E#!XܘXXX   #X XX!XܘE#!XܘXXX  @ #X XX!XܘF#  !XܘXXX   BydepositingRosesretainerof$1,000.00directlyintothefirmoperatingaccount,Bill  failedtoproperlyprotecthisclientsproperty.Heshouldhavedepositeditintoaclienttrust t account.Otherwise,hemayonlydeposititintotheoperatingaccountwiththesigned,written, ` informedconsentofRose.Billviolatedthisrule. L  #X XX!XܘmF#F  !XܘXXX ReasonablenessofFee#X XX!XܘH#!XܘXXX   ` #X XX!XܘH#!XܘXXX  @ #X XX!XܘLI#  !XܘXXX   BillsfeearrangementwithRoseviolatedtheRules.  8  #X XX!XܘI#!XܘXXX   First,contingencyfeesarestrictlyprohibitedindomesticrelationscases(unlessmerely   collectingonpastduepayments).Assuch,theagreementtotakeonethirdofanyproperty   settlementviolatedthisrule.Evenifthecontingencyfeeswerepermittedinthesecases,however,   Billstillfailedtogetproper,signedconsentfromRoseforthecontingencyandfailedtogive   writtendisclosureonthedetails. p       Inaddition,thehourlyfeeisalsosubjecttoareasonablenessrequirement.Dependingonthe H complexityofthecase,thecustomaryfeesinFrederick,BillsskillandBillsexperiencein 4 domesticcases,Billshourlyfeeof$400mayormaynotbereasonable.Onitsfaceatleast,$400is  p notanunreasonablerate.  \ I  #X XX!XܘRJ#  !XܘXXX REPRESENTATIVEANSWER2 #X XX!XܘN#!XܘXXX    #X XX!XܘN#  !XܘXXX   Becauseoftheirpurposeofsustainingtheintegrityofthelegalprofessionandprotecting  clientinterests,ethicalrulesandviolationsthereofshouldbetakenveryseriously.Thesefacts  presentnumerousethicalviolations  #X XX!XܘSO#rO!XܘXXX   First,HelensmembershipontheChurchsBoardofDirectorsputsherinanagency D! positionastotheChurch.Asanagent,sheowesafiduciarydutytotheChurch.JohnandRose, 0"  althoughmembersoftheChurch,donothavethesamefinancialinterests.Forinstance,Johnand #l! RosemightbegreatlyconcernedaboutmaximizingtheirtaxbenefitswhiletheChurchneednot $X" considerit(atleastnottotheadvantageofJohnandRose).Helenisthereforerepresentingmultiple $D # clientswithpotentiallyadverseinterests.Theethicalrulesbarthisconflictunlessbothclientsgive %0!$ informedconsentafterbeingadvisedtoretainseparatecounsel. &"%     _ )$(   Second,HelencannotrecommendBilltoRoseasawaytoavoidconflictcausedbyherprior  representationofJohnandRose.Anattorneysconflictsareimputedtotheentirefirmunlessthe  attorneyisanewmemberofthefirmandisscreened.UnlessHelenrecentlyjoinedBillsfirm,he  cannotrepresentHelenbecauseitisaconflictofinterest.ThedangerisrealherebecauseHelens t priorrepresentationmayhavegivenherspecialknowledgeofJohnsfinances,whichcouldbeused ` tohisdetrimentduringdivorceproceedings. L  Q  Third,Billcommittedtheheinousmistakeofcomminglingclientfunds.Althoughthefunds  ` ofmultipleclientscanbelumpedtogetherinasingleaccount,clientfundscanneverbe  L  commingledwiththeattorneys/firmsfunds.Bydepositingtheretainerinthefirmsoperating  8  account,Billcommingledthefunds.Aretainerisnotpaymentbutistheclientsmoneyheldin $  trustuntilthefirmbillstheclientforservicesperformed,atwhichtimetheamountduemaybe   withdrawnoutoftheretainer.     #X XX!XܘP#!XܘXXX   Fourth,Billacceptedacontingencyfeeimproperly.Contingencyfeescannotbeusedin   domesticrelationscases.Althoughtheyareallowableinactionsforpastduesupport,thoseare p collectioncasesandnottruedomesticrelationscases. \ ?W  #X XX!Xܘ Z#CXܘXXX   )$( 2#X XXCXܘ[#  KJ  =    X XXX X XXX   =j\  !XܘXXX =j\\݌̌  !XܘXX!Xܘ  =!XܘXX!Xܘ     =l]  QUESTION8=l]]݌  Ќ  !XܘXX!Xܘ  #X XX!Xܘ\#!XܘXXX #X XX!Xܘg^#  ;  X XXX   ;^  !XܘXXX   Quentinowned50acresoflandinCarrollCounty,Maryland.Quentin,annuallyovera  periodof20years,grantedpermissiontoRubyandSamtohunttheland.Attheendofthe20  years,QuentincreatedtheCarrollCountyHuntClub(the Club)andtransferredthelandtothe   Club.TheClubconveyedthreeacresoftheClubspropertytoRubyandSam,astenantsbythe   entirety,tobuildahuntingcamp.ThedeedfromtheClubtoRubyandSamconveyedthethree o t acresofland ...togetherwithhuntingrightsontheClubsadjacentpropertytohuntandfishfor [ ` thebenefitoftheirhuntingcamptobeestablishedonthethreeacres.Quentindiedshortlyafter G L  thetransfer,andRubyandSambuiltacabinontheirland,andcontinuedtohuntontheClubsland 38  untilSamsdeath10yearslater.;^^݌ $  Ќ!XܘXX!Xܘ   #X XX!Xܘ_#!XܘXXX #X XX!Xܘc#!XܘXXX   AfterSamsdeath,RubyassignedtherightstohunttheClubspropertytoSamsnephew,   Tom.TheyearafterSamdied,TomandafewofhisfriendsstayedatRubyandSamscabin,and   huntedontheClubsland.TheClubfiledsuitintheCircuitCourtforCarrollCountyandasked   theCourttodeclarethatthedeedtoRubyandSamgrantedthemalicensetohuntandfishtheland  whichwaspersonaltoRubyandSamandcouldnotbetransferredtoTomoranyotherperson.  RubyandTomdeniedtheallegationsintheClubscomplaint,andaskedtheCircuitCourtto  declarethatRubyhadtheauthoritytoassignthehuntingrightsbecausetheClubstransferof  huntingrightstoRubyandSamwasagrantofarealpropertyinterest,whichwasfreelytransferable kp byRubyasthesurvivingowner. W\   #X XX!Xܘc# !XܘXXX WhatshouldtheCourtdeclare?Inyouranswer,fullyanalyzetheclaimsanddefenses /4 ofeachparty.   #X XX!Xܘ5h#!XܘXXX   #X XX!Xܘi#!XܘXXX REPRESENTATIVEANSWER1 #X XX!XܘUi#!XܘXXX   #X XX!Xܘi#!XܘXXX #X XX!Xܘj#  !XܘXXX    ` TheCourtshoulddeclarethatQuentingaveRubyandSaman#X XX!XܘWj#!XܘXXX easement#X XX!Xܘj#!XܘXXX Ԁ#X XX!Xܘ