WPC A~OvYD:Go ż$EO /R31yzaFI  ÇG_^AS9\熅2 t㱖EOqI آJ<$wuz@ޜ|3kUf `3J7&@ htnfEPz%ZTA@mUFXMad<.}`i ?O=A,;68q(7C~0&8oAOj;d8۹?z@ S/Y5:v =-R"^e7JL ę v бNuRQm^ Ru6.w價*!+Ԉdx~IXdዓ.׊?vgipTYu>4Ѹ𰘘84QMoZk;]'a|J+ IPwBӗzN+?B7ǽHQӎk#agW8#UN % 0:%^ _wk4o mNU> 1u 72` 0V& | 0 0N 0  0 0 0 0g 0g  0gt 0g 0gB 0  0 0  0y 0n 0` 0O 0; 0$ 1e   1koHP LaserJet 4250 PCL 60(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX($USUS.,7s SzZ3hared3|xU\  `&Times New Roman3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a) i) )USUS.,  _  Page  1  ڀof  6  ڀ (.3$ !USUS.,   www.ncbex2.org/catalog/(O$<;.5 :Outline001_15+ ` hp x 523  ..5+ ` hp x 5<8.5 :Outline001_25+ ` hp x 5 23  ..5+ ` hp x 5<G+M :Outline001_3   /%` ` hp x /23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  <D+M :Outline001_4   ," hp x ,23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  <+ :Outline001_523  ..<+ :Outline001_623  ..<+ :Outline001_723  ..<+ :Outline001_823  ..<+ :Outline001_923  ..<J+M :Outline002_1   2(4 4` hp x 223  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  <G+M :Outline002_2   /%` ` hp x /23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  <8+8 :Outline002_38.F` hp x 823  ..8.F` hp x 8<A+M :Outline002_4  ` ) hp x )23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  <>+M :Outline002_5   &hhp x &23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  <;+M :Outline002_6 j  #p x #23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5 j <8+M :Outline002_7  h  p x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  <5+M :Outline002_8   pp x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  <2+M :Outline002_9 j   x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5 j ,-./0123 35;AGMSY_1I.a.i.1.a.i.1.a.#$%&'()* 35;AGOW_e2I.A.1.(a)(1)(a)i)a) !USUS.,  _X   XXXXJULY2007  MULTISTATEPERFORMANCETEST(MPT) #XXX Xn# @  XXXX   #XXX X#     TheMPTQuestionadministeredbytheStateBoardofLawExaminersfortheJuly2007 ` barexaminationwas AcmeResources,Inc.v.BlackHawketal.. Tworepresentativegood L  answersselectedbytheBoardareincludedhere. 8    TheNationalConferenceofBarExaminerspublishestheMPTQuestionandthe point  ` sheetdescribingtheissuesandthediscussionexpectedinasuccessfulresponsetotheMPT  L  Question.The pointsheetisanalogoustotheBoardsAnalysispreparedbytheStateBoardof  8  LawExaminersforeachoftheessayquestions. $    TheNCBEdoesnotpermittheBoardtopublishtheMPTQuestionorthe pointsheet   ontheBoardswebsite.However,theNCBEdoesoffertheMPTQuestionand pointsheetfor   saleonitswebsite,usuallyinmidDecemberforaJulyexaminationquestion.     Anunsuccessfulapplicant: AnapplicantwhowasunsuccessfulontheJuly2007 \ MarylandbarexaminationmayobtainacopyoftheMPTQuestion,hisorherMPTanswer, L representativegoodanswersselectedbytheBoard,andthe pointsheetfortheJuly2007MPT 8 QuestionadministeredasacomponentoftheMarylandbarexamination.Thismaterialis $t providedtoeachunsuccessfulapplicantwhorequests,inwriting,acopyoftheanswersin ` accordancewithinstructionsmailedwiththeresultsofthebarexamination.Thedeadlineforan L unsuccessfulapplicanttorequestthismaterialisJanuary3,2008 8    Anyoneotherthananunsuccessfulapplicant :AnyoneelsemayobtaintheMPT  Questionandthe pointsheetonlybypurchasingthemattheNCBEOnlineStore.  Usethefollowinglinktoaccessthe NCBEOnlineStore :4 O  5  www.ncbex2.org/catalog/6 O   7 !3   t  XXXX REPRESENTATIVEANSWER1#XXX X #    ,  ?+ ` hp x X? 5,-./01234(03 ,B+ ` hp x XB","  <(4 4` hp x X<  ,f 2  I  .3   4   Arguments.,f ݌ t Ќ ! X44` X!    ,?+ ` hp x X? ,B+ ` hp x XB"-"  9%` ` hp x X9  -f2  a  .3   `   BlackEagletribalcourthasjurisdictionoverthematter,bothbecauseAcmeand L  BlackHawkenteredaconsensualrelationshiponextractionofmethane,andbecause 8  thecaseinvolvesthelossofwatercausedbyAcmedirectlyaffectingeconomic $ t securityofthetribe.-f݌  ` Ќ  X` ` X   <(4 4` hp x X< B+ ` hp x 44` XB"."B.F` hp x XB  .2  i  .3      BlackEagleTribalCourthasproperjurisdictionbecauseAcmeandBlackHawkentereda  8  consensualrelationshipbycontractingtosellmethaneextraction..݌ $  Ќ$ XFX$  ?+ ` hp x X? XInAOArchitects,theFifteenthCircuitaddressedwhetheratribalcourthadjurisdiction.   ApplyingthetestfromMontana,thecourtstatedthatonewaytocreatethetribalcourtjurisdiction   istodemonstratethatthetribeenteredaconsensualrelationshipwiththenontribalmember.Such   relationshipcouldoccurbycommercialdealings,contracts,orleases,HeretheBlackEagletribe p enteredacontractualagreementwithAcmeforthemethanerightsunderMulroneys(anontribal \ member's)land.AlthoughMulroneyisnotamemberoftheBlackEagletribe,theBlackEagletribe H ownsthemineralsunderhisland.In2005,theBlackEagletribeenteredacontractualleasewith 4 Acmetoleaseitsrightsintheland,sothatAcmecouldextractcoalbedmethaneSeeBlackHawk  p Affidavit.  \  X X<( ` hp x X< X X?+ ` hp x X?ByenteringtheleasewiththeBlackHawktribe,Acmearguablyenteredaconsensual 4 relationshipwiththetribe.AccordingtoAOArchitects,thisconsensualrelationshipshouldsupport   thetribalcourtsexerciseofjurisdictionoverthedispute.    X X<( ` hp x X< X X?+ ` hp x X?Asanote,inFunmaker,theFifteenthCircuitfoundnotconsensualrelationshipexistedwhere  atribemembersuedFranklinMotorCreditforproductsliability,asthecaselackedadirectnexus  withaleaseenteredbyFranklinMotorCreditandthetribe.Inthepresentcase,theleasetoAcme l formethanedrillingisthedirectcauseofthewaterloss,whichBlackHawkandtheotherplaintiffs X  aresuffering,SeeBellinghamAffidavit.AccordingtoBellingham,Acmesmethodsaredirectly D! causingadecreaseinthetribeswatersupply. 0"   #l! Hence,unlikeFunmaker,adirectnexusexistsbetweentheinjuryandthelease.Basedonthe $X" facts,thedistrictcourtshouldfindthattheBlackEagletribalcourthasjurisdiction,basedonthe $D # consensualrelationshipbetweenAcmeandthetribe.Montana. %0!$  &"%  X"."B.F` hp x XB  .r2  ii  .3      BlackEagletribalcourthasproperjurisdictionbecauseAcmesconductdirectlyaffectsthe (#' tribeseconomicsecurity..r݌ )$( Ќ$ XFX$  ?+ ` hp x X? |*%)  XTheFifteenthCircuithasrecognizedthatatribalcourtmayhavejurisdictionoveractivities  directlyaffectingthetribeseconomicsecurity.AOArchitects.TheBlackEagleTribalCode235  statesthat acleanandhealthfulenvironmentisvitaltotheeconomicsecurityofthe8tribe.   t Here,AcmeandthetribehavealeaseallowingAcmetoremovemethane.Although ` Mulroneyownstheland,thetribeownsthemineralsbelow.Unfortunately,Acmesmethane L  extractionhaswastedhugewaterquantities,andoverthenextfiveyearswillrunthetribeswells 8  dry.BellinghamAffidavit.Manytribalmembersrelyonthewatertofarmandotherwiseengagein $ t theirlivelihood.BlackHawk,forinstance,has3,000acresoflandtowater,BlackHawkAffidavit.  ` Hence,Acmesmethaneextractionisdirectlyaffectingthetribessecurity"itsabilitytofarm.  L    8    InStrate,theSupremeCourtheldthathighwaysafetyonaroadoveratribalreservationdid $  notdirectlyaffectthetribespoliticalsecurity,economicsecurity,welfareorhealth.Here,however,   Acmesmethaneextractionthreatensthetribeseconomicinfrastructureandhealth.Itiscausing   pollutionanddegradingtheenvironment.235.Ifallowedtocontinue,thenwithinfiveyearsthe   tribewilllackitsownwatersufficientforfarmingorotherpurposes.BellinghamAffidavit.      p AsnotedintheBlackEagleconstitution, [T]helandformspartofthesouloftheBlack \ Eagletribe.IfAcmeistocontinuemethaneextraction,thelandwillsufferaswillthetribe.Here, H Acmesactivitiesaffect(directly)thetribespoliticalandeconomicsecurity,andhealth.Jurisdiction 4 shouldbegrantedtotheBlackEagletribalcourt.  p   X"."B.F` hp x XB  .h)2  iii  .3      Thecaseshouldbedismissedorstayed,asAcmemustberequiredtoexhaustitsremedies, H grantingtribalselfgovernmenttotheBlackEagletribeonitsowncontractualissue..h))݌ 4 Ќ$ XFX$  ?+ ` hp x X?  ?+F F` hp x X?InAOArchitects,theFifteenthCircuitnotedthatapplyingSupremeCourtprecedent,the   tribalcourtshouldhavetheopportunitytodeterminejurisdiction.Thisruleisbasedonthepolicy  ofthe tribalselfgovernmentandselfdeterminationNationalFarmer.Here,BlackHawkandthe  otherplaintiffsseekadjudicationofaleaseexecutedbythetribeandgrantingAcmeaninterestin  tribalminerals.TherightsbeingarguedforarethoseofBlackEagletribemembers.UnlikeinAO l Architects,wherethedefendantcontractedwithanontribalmember,Acmeexpresslyentereda X  contractwiththeBlackEagletribe.BlackHawkAffidavit.Eventhoughthesurfacelandowner D! isnotatribemember,themineralownerwasthetribe. 0"     #l!   Additionallyinthiscase,theaccesstotheBlackEagletribalcourtwillserveagreater $X" purposethanmeredelay.AOArchitects.Here,inconformitywiththeBlackEagleConstitution $D # andStatutes,theplaintiffsareattemptingtolitigatetherightsregardingtheirland,theirfarms,and %0!$ theirlivelihoodsintheirowntribalcourts.Astherehasbeennoexhaustionoftribalremedies,the &"% districtcourtshouldstayordismisstheaction. '#&   ,B+ ` hp x FFXB ,B+ ` hp x XB","  <(4 4` hp x X<  ,22  II  .3   4   Conclusion.,23݌ )$( Ќ ! X44` X!    ,?+ ` hp x X? |*%)  ,ApplyingtheprinciplesofUnitedStatesv.Montana,asarticulatedinAOArchitects,the  plaintiffsmotionforsummaryjudgmentshouldbegranted.Thetribalcourtshavejurisdiction  basedbothon(a)theconsensualrelationshipofAcmeandthetribe,and(b)thatAcmesactions  directlyaffectthetribeseconomicinterest,Inaddition,thedistrictcourtshoulddismissorstay t theaction,toallowthetribalcourttodetermineitsownjurisdiction. `  , ,B+ ` hp x XB@*  L  @t t  REPRESENTATIVEANSWERNO.2      7#$%&'()*+(005,-./01234/ /?+ ` hp x X?"#"?+ ` hp x X?  #}82  I  .3      TheBlackEagleTribalConstitutiongivesthePlaintiffstherighttobringtheInstantSuit  inBlackEagleTribalCourt.#}88݌ t Ќ XX  ,?+ ` hp x X? X ,B+ ` hp x XBAsaninitialmatter,theplaintiffshavetherightandtheabilitytobringthisactioninthe 8  BlackEagleTribalCourt,iftheyarepermittedtobythiscourt,andtheBlackEagleTribalCourt $ t hastherighttoaffordcompleterelief.  `   L  SeeBlackEagleTribalCodeSection235(givinganypersonharmedbyapollutionor  8  degradationoftheenvironmentoftheBlackEagleReservationtheabilitytobringacivilaction $  fordamagesandagainsttheperson(hereAcme)responsiblefortheviolation.    X X<( ` hp x X< X?+ ` hp x X?"#"?+ ` hp x X?  # >2  II  .3      MotionforSummaryJudgment# >|>݌   Ќ XX  ,?+ ` hp x X? ,B+ ` hp x XB"$"?+ ` hp x X?   $?2  A  .3      Thereexistsnogenuineissueofmaterialfactwithregardtothejurisdictionofthetrial \ courtofBlackEagleduetoAcmesentranceintoaconsensualrelationshipwiththeTribe L throughtheTribesgrantofthepowertoextractmineralsthatareownedbytheTribe.$?a@݌ 8 Ќ XX   XHere,AcmeiscausingsignificantharmtotheTribewhenitextractsmassiveamountsof L waterfromthegroundtoreleasethemethanegasinthecoalstream(seeaffidavitofDr. 8 Bellingham.) $   AcmewasonlyaffordedthepowertoextractthemethanegasfromPatrickMulroneys  landbecauseofacontractwhichAcmeenteredintowiththeTribalCouncilthatgaveAcmethe  rightofextractioninexchangefora20%royaltyofproduction.     p   InMontanav.UnitedStates,theU.S.SupremeCourtstatedthatwhileasageneralrule \  thesovereignpowersofanIndianTribedonotextendtononmembers,therearetwowaysfor H! theTribestoexercisetheirinherentsovereignpowertoexerciseciviljurisdictionovernon 4"  members.  #p!     $\" TheCourtstatedthatthefirstwayisthroughregulationovertheactivitiesofnon $H # memberswhoenterintoconsensualrelationshipswiththetribeoritsmembers through %4!$ commercialdealings,contracts,leasesorotherengagements. & "%  ' #&   TheCourtinStratev.A2Contractorsfurtherexplainedthisbasisforjurisdictionover (#' nonmemberswhenitexplainedthattheconsensualrelationshipmustbe tribalinnature.In )$( Strate,theCourtfailedtofindthatahighwayaccidentthatoccurredonTriballandbetweentwo *%) nonIndianswastribalinnature.Here,however,theconsentrelatedcontractwasveryclearly  tribalinnatureinthatthecontractwasmadedirectlywiththeBlackEagleTribalCouncil,and  thesubjectmatterwasgrantingAcmetherightstoremovemineralsthatareownedbytheTribe.  Therearefewmattersthataremore tribalinnaturethancontractstodisposeoflandthatTribes t rightfullyown. `    L    Also,ina15thCircuitcase,theCourtheldthatwithregardtotheinjurysustainedasa 8  resultoftheconsensualcontract,thecontractandtheinjurymustbepartofa directnexusof $ t conduct(Funmaker,findingnodirectnexusbetweenacarleaseandaninjurysustainedinthecar  ` byatribalmember).Here,theinjurysustainedisadirectresultofAcmesconductthroughthe  L  extractioncontract,Acmeiswithdrawingmassiveamountsofwater,leavingverylittlewaterfor  8  tribalmembersforcropsandanimals. $   X"$"?+ ` hp x X?   $N2  B  .3      INTHEALTERNATIVE,BLACKHAWKETAL.ISENTITLEDTOSUMMARY   JUDGMENTBECAUSETHEREEXISTSNOGENUINEISSUEOFMATERIALFACT   THATTHETRIBALCOURTHASJURISDICTIONBECAUSETHECONDUCTOFACME t DIRECTLYTHREATENSTHEPOLITICALINTEGRITY,ECONOMICSECURITYAND ` THEHEALTHANDWELFAREOFTHEBLACKHAWKTRIBE.$NqN݌ L Ќ XX   XTheU.S.SupremeCourtinMontanagaveasecondexceptiontothegeneralrulethatthe ` jurisdictionofthetribalcourtsdonotextendtononmembers:instanceswheretheconductof L nonmembersonfeelandwithinthereservation,whichtheCourtheldincludedreservationland 8 acquiredinfeesimplebypersonswhoarenotmembersofthetribe, threatensorhassomedirect $ effectonthepoliticalintegrity,theeconomicsecurity,orthehealthandwelfareofthetribe.    TheUSSupremeCourtinStratefurtherexplainedthestandard mustbeinterpretedwith  itspurposeinmind,whichwastoprotecttribalselfgovernmentandcontrolofinternal  regulations. p  \  TheCourtinStratefailedtofindciviljurisdictionfortheTribalCourtasaresultofa H! trafficaccidentontriballand,becausetheCourtdidnotfindthattheactivitythreatenedtribal 4"  selfgovernmentandcontrolofinternalrelations.Stratecanbedistinguished,however,because  #p! oftherelativelysmallsizeoftheharminthatcase.Onetrafficaccidentdoesnotthreatena  $\" tribesfuture. $H #    %4!$   Here,however,accordingtotheaffidavitofDr.Bellingham,theactivitiesofAcmewill & "%  likely[cause]allwellsontheReservation[torun]dryoverthenextfiveyearsifAcmescoal ' #& bedmethanedevelopmentcontinues.IfBlackEagleIndianTribehasnowater,theywillhave (#' noabilitytoraiselivestockorgrowcrops.Thetribewillhavenofoodofitsown.Thiswillresult )$( inthedestructionofthetribeorattheveryleast,thedestructionoftheabilityofthetribeto *%) continuetobeselfsustaining.Itisclearthatthisresultwoulddogreatharmtotribalself  governmentandcontrolofinternalregulations.      "$"?+ ` hp x X?   X  $Y2  C  .3      INTHEALTERNATIVE,THECOURTSHOULDGRANTASTAY,BECAUSEA t PARTYMUSTEXHAUSTITSTRIBALREMEDIESBEFORESEEKINGRELIEFIN d FEDERALCOURT.$Y)Z݌ P  Ќ XX   <   XTheU.S.SupremeCourtannouncedthestandardinNationalFarmersthataFederal ( x Courtshould stayitshanduntilafterthetribalcourthashadafullopportunitytodetermineits  d ownjurisdiction.Afterthestayisgranted,thetribalcourtwillhavetheopportunitytoexplain  P  whatjurisdictionitmayhave.  <   (  TheCourtfurtherannouncedthatwhereitisclearthatthetribalcourtdoesnothave   jurisdiction,theFederalCourtneednotrespectthecomitydoctrine,andmayinsteadretain   jurisdiction.          Here,Acmehasnotexhausteditstribalremedies"thetribalcourthasyettoruleon t whetheritmayormaynothavejurisdictionandonwhatbasis.Therefore,theFederalCourt ` shouldgrantastayandallowthetribalcourttohearthematterunlessitisclearthatthetribal L courtdoesnothavejurisdiction. 8    $t   InAOArchitects,a15thCircuitcase,thecourttheregrantedastayonmuchweaker ` groundsthanhere.There,theTribalmemberswerekilledwhenaroofdesignedandnotbuiltby L AOArchitectscollapsedontribalmembers,whoweremerelyleasingthehallfromtheChurchof 8 GoodHope.There,AOArchitectshadneverevensetfootontheIndianReservationinquestion, $ hadnocontactwithanyIndianmember,andonlyindirectly,throughadesigndefect,harmeda  tribalmember.        Here,thereisadirectcontractwiththetribeanddirectharmiscausedbyAcmes  activities.ItisclearthatthebasisforgrantingastayisgreaterherethaninAOArchitects.The p CourthereshouldrespectthisstandardandgrantastayofAcmesFederalProceedingsandallow \  theTribalCourttoruleontheirownjurisdictionandbasesthereon. H!  X ,?+ ` hp x X? ,B+ ` hp x XB