’WPCQ 0—ŗĶ™Le<śÕ=%ś·Ī5š¼ż|Éö)…śćŗl› }ā»É‡¢„S@O!SÕpŻ|rģŸ—¾÷Ģ¢Ē&AT©ā=č{ü$.Ļ_œA¾Ńs„:‚Ŗ^7ĆVļ3ūŌŚwĆ,FzŅæpōØP· ½'ĄĶü)uÜŽjtr¹tpC)œIA>dKīŁÉ®¦öTįŁŽé‰:ōM„“Žø#ųąU²dž°¦<1}—ŸfŽskŻ•·zß§Ō A©0ų[’|.nvU+!‰9«õ†¬°Ń·Ļȇķ Ģ2Ń.Ø0œ‡įƒ,Z½•IäV.%Ąō¦©:Žŗ™Óņtēæhķh,źē&TuÄ2 õwIĮ€£Ī‹–˜ĖTu“Ó. éķrKĢͧ}ʖŒR°VŃZĀ:Ųä:…2’4æóåųķūDf$×\°éŽåū‰ yO<+w—yŪĻ6šŗ8²µÉĪ"dΚ4ĀZĮטöØé¼b{Ż xØ"9‡ÅÉ2Ś”Ą}R€eIŌ…ń}Ŗ¾s &`ĖHāŠY\E”ļŃ$¶\ÆöHTœ)fM€Ć~ÕŚĘŸ±¦",fip܁¦€ė_ßķKa§£Eą²ģÄ.67^Ÿ#ĮīUNÆ %ż 0:^ =wI4Map mrN‰U F‹bŃU8ŁU8I˜Adobe PDFČ,,,,Č0(ÖĆ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$””ŌUSUS.,ԁ™·2ā #„Ŗ2ź:i¢×+003|x/’U‹’ĄĄĄ<4šŪ 9Z+‹.Courier New Regular- ł-<4šŪ 9Z+‹ Courier New <4šŪ 9Z+ Courier New  Ż ƒüœ!ŻŌUSUS.,ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌŃX°ŃŌ€ XįXXXŌŃ€ ŃŃ8€gXXdédČ8ŃŃ  Ńą@ø ø ģąCOURT€OF€APPEALS€STANDING€COMMITTEEˆŠ ° Šą@ō ō ģąņņON€RULES€OF€PRACTICE€AND€PROCEDUREˆŠ ‡× ŠĢĢÓÓą  ąóóMinutes€of€a€meeting€of€the€Rules€Committee€held€in€RoomŠ  \ Š1100A€of€the€Peopleššs€Resource€Center,€100€Community€Place,Š ŗ  ŠCrownsville,€Maryland€on€January€7,€2005.Š h ø ŠÓÓĢą  ąMembers€present:Š ķ =  ŠĢHon.€Joseph€F.€Murphy,€Jr.,€ChairŠ ›ė  ŠĢĢF.€Vernon€Boozer,€Esq.ą0 h ąą0Ąh(#h(#ąą0Ą(#Ą(#ąTimothy€F.€Maloney,€Esq.Š p (#(# ŠLowell€R.€Bowen,€Esq.ą0 h ąą0Ąh(#h(#ąą0Ą(#Ą(#ąHon.€John€F.€McAuliffeŠ÷G(#(# ŠAlbert€D.€Brault,€Esq.ą0 h ąą0Ąh(#h(#ąą0Ą(#Ą(#ąRobert€R.€Michael,€Esq.ŠĪ(#(# ŠRobert€L.€Dean,€Esq.ą0 h ąą0Ąh(#h(#ąą0Ą(#Ą(#ąHon.€John€L.€Norton,€IIIŠ„õ(#(# ŠHon.€James€W.€Drydeną0 h ąą0Ąh(#h(#ąą0Ą(#Ą(#ąAnne€C.€Ogletree,€Esq.Š|Ģ(#(# ŠHarry€S.€Johnson,€Esq.ą0 h ąą0Ąh(#h(#ąą0Ą(#Ą(#ąDebbie€L.€Potter,€Esq.ŠS£(#(# ŠRichard€M.€Karceski,€Esq.ą0 Ą ąą0Ą(#Ą(#ąLarry€W.€Shipley,€ClerkŠ*z(#(# ŠRobert€D.€Klein,€Esq.ą0 h ąą0Ąh(#h(#ąą0Ą(#Ą(#ąMelvin€J.€Sykes,€Esq.ŠQ(#(# ŠJ.€Brooks€Leahy,€Esq.ą0 h ąą0Ąh(#h(#ąą0Ą(#Ą(#ąRobert€A.€Zarnoch,€Esq.ŠŲ((#(# ŠĢĢą  ąIn€attendance:Š ]­ ŠĢSandra€F.€Haines,€Esq.,€ReporterŠ  [ ŠSherie€B.€Libber,€Esq.,€Assistant€ReporterŠ ā2 ŠUna€M.€Perez,€Esq.,€Special€Reporter€to€the€Rules€CommitteeŠ ¹  ŠPaul€DeWolfe,€Esq.,€Office€of€the€Public€DefenderŠ ą  ŠTimothy€S.€Mitchell,€Esq.,€Maryland€Criminal€Defense€AttorneysŠ g ·! Š€€AssociationŠ >!Ž" ŠChrys€Kefelas,€Esq.,€Deputy€Counsel€to€Governor€EhrlichŠ "e# ŠMs.€April€R.€RandallŠ ģ"<$ ŠAntonio€Gioia,€Esq.,€Office€of€the€Stateššs€Attorney,€Baltimore€€€Š Ć#% ŠCityŠ š$ź& ŠLawrence€Doan,€Esq.,€Office€of€the€State€Attorney,€Baltimore€CityŠ q%Į ' ŠMichele€Nethercott,€Esq.,€Office€of€the€Public€DefenderŠ H&˜!( ŠProfessor€Lynn€McLain,€University€of€Baltimore€School€of€LawŠ 'o") ŠElizabeth€Veronis,€Esq.,€Special€Assistant€to€the€Chief€Judge€Š ö'F#* Š€€of€the€Court€of€AppealsŠ Ķ($+ ŠDennis€C.€McCoy,€Esq.Š ¤)ō$, ŠĢĢÓÓą  ąThe€Chair€convened€the€meeting.Š ),y'/ ŠĢŠ  …/Õ*3 ŠÓÓAgenda€Item€1.€€Consideration€and€reconsideration€of€proposedŠ ° Š€€amendments€to€certain€Rules€in€Title€5:€Rule€5„804€(HearsayŠ ‡× Š€€Exceptions;€Declarant€Unavailable)€and€Rule€5„902€(Self„Š ^® Š€€Authentication)Š 5… Š________________________________________________________________Š  \ ŠĢÓÓą  ąMr.€Karceski€presented€Rule€5„804,€Hearsay€Exceptions;Š ŗ  ŠDeclarant€Unavailable,€for€the€Committeeššs€consideration.Š h ø ŠŅ` °ŅŅ` °ŅÓÓĢŌ‡XįXX XįŌą@˜ ˜ ģąMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆŠ ķ =  ŠĢą@““!ģąTITLE€5€„€EVIDENCEˆŠ ›ė  ŠĢą@ ģąCHAPTER€800€„€HEARSAYˆŠ I™  ŠĢĢą ø ąAMEND€Rule€5„804€to€delete€the€currentŠ Ī Šlanguage€of€subsection€(b)(5)€and€add€newŠ „õ Šlanguage,€as€follows:Š |Ģ ŠĢĢRule€5-804.€€HEARSAY€EXCEPTIONS;€DECLARANTŠ Q ŠUNAVAILABLE€Š Ų( ŠĢĢ€€(a)€€Definition€of€UnavailabilityŠ ]­ ŠĢą ø ą€€"Unavailability€as€a€witness"€includesŠ  [ Šsituations€in€which€the€declarant:€€Š ā2 ŠĢ€€€€(1)€is€exempted€by€ruling€of€the€court€onŠ ą  Šthe€ground€of€privilege€from€testifyingŠ g ·! Šconcerning€the€subject€matter€of€theŠ >!Ž" Šdeclarant's€statement;€€Š "e# ŠĢ€€€€(2)€refuses€to€testify€concerning€the€Š Ć#% Šsubject€matter€of€the€declarant's€statementŠ š$ź& Šdespite€an€order€of€the€court€to€do€so;€€Š q%Į ' ŠĢ€€€€(3)€testifies€to€a€lack€of€memory€of€theŠ 'o") Šsubject€matter€of€the€declarant's€statement;€€Š ö'F#* ŠĢ€€€€(4)€is€unable€to€be€present€or€to€testifyŠ ¤)ō$, Šat€the€hearing€because€of€death€or€thenŠ {*Ė%- Šexisting€physical€or€mental€illness€orŠ R+¢&. Šinfirmity;€or€€Š ),y'/ ŠĢ€€€€(5)€is€absent€from€the€hearing€and€theŠ ×-')1 Šproponent€of€the€statement€has€been€unable€toŠ ®.ž)2 Šprocure€the€declarant's€attendance€(or€in€theŠ ° Šcase€of€a€hearsay€exception€under€subsectionŠ ‡× Š(b)(2),€(3),€or€(4)€of€this€Rule,€theŠ ^® Šdeclarant's€attendance€or€testimony)€byŠ 5… Šprocess€or€other€reasonable€means.€€Š  \ ŠĢą ø ąA€statement€will€not€qualify€underŠ ŗ  Šsection€(b)€of€this€Rule€if€theŠ ‘ į Šunavailability€is€due€to€the€procurement€orŠ h ø Šwrongdoing€of€the€proponent€of€the€statementŠ ?   Šfor€the€purpose€of€preventing€the€witnessŠ  f  Šfrom€attending€or€testifying.€€Š ķ =  ŠĢ€€(b)€€Hearsay€ExceptionsŠ ›ė  ŠĢą ø ą€€The€following€are€not€excluded€by€theŠ I™  Šhearsay€rule€if€the€declarant€is€unavailableŠ  p  Šas€a€witness:€€Š ÷G ŠĢ€€€€(1)€€Former€TestimonyŠ „õ ŠĢą ø ą€€€€Testimony€given€as€a€witness€in€anyŠ S£ Šaction€or€proceeding€or€in€a€deposition€takenŠ *z Šin€compliance€with€law€in€the€course€of€anyŠ Q Šaction€or€proceeding,€if€the€party€againstŠ Ų( Šwhom€the€testimony€is€now€offered,€or,€in€aŠ Æ’ Šcivil€action€or€proceeding,€a€predecessor€inŠ †Ö Šinterest,€had€an€opportunity€and€similarŠ ]­ Šmotive€to€develop€the€testimony€by€direct,Š 4„ Šcross,€or€redirect€examination.€€Š  [ ŠĢ€€€€(2)€€Statement€Under€Belief€of€ImpendingŠ ¹  ŠDeathŠ ą  ŠĢą ø ą€€€€In€a€prosecution€for€an€offenseŠ >!Ž" Šbased€upon€an€unlawful€homicide,€attemptedŠ "e# Šhomicide,€or€assault€with€intent€to€commit€aŠ ģ"<$ Šhomicide€or€in€any€civil€action,€a€statementŠ Ć#% Šmade€by€a€declarant,€while€believing€that€theŠ š$ź& Šdeclarant's€death€was€imminent,€concerningŠ q%Į ' Šthe€cause€or€circumstances€of€what€theŠ H&˜!( Šdeclarant€believed€to€be€his€or€her€impendingŠ 'o") Šdeath.€€Š ö'F#* ŠĢ€€€€(3)€€Statement€Against€InterestŠ ¤)ō$, ŠĢą ø ą€€€€A€statement€which€was€at€the€time€ofŠ R+¢&. Šits€making€so€contrary€to€the€declarant'sŠ ),y'/ Špecuniary€or€proprietary€interest,€so€tendedŠ -P(0 Što€subject€the€declarant€to€civil€or€criminalŠ ×-')1 Šliability,€or€so€tended€to€render€invalid€aŠ ®.ž)2 Šclaim€by€the€declarant€against€another,€thatŠ ° Ša€reasonable€person€in€the€declarant'sŠ ‡× Šposition€would€not€have€made€the€statementŠ ^® Šunless€the€person€believed€it€to€be€true.€€AŠ 5… Šstatement€tending€to€expose€the€declarant€toŠ  \ Šcriminal€liability€and€offered€to€exculpateŠ ć3 Šthe€accused€is€not€admissible€unlessŠ ŗ  Šcorroborating€circumstances€clearly€indicateŠ ‘ į Šthe€trustworthiness€of€the€statement.€€Š h ø ŠĢ€€€€(4)€€Statement€of€Personal€or€FamilyŠ  f  ŠHistoryŠ ķ =  ŠĢ€€€€€€(A)€A€statement€concerning€theŠ ›ė  Šdeclarant's€own€birth;€adoption;€marriage;Š rĀ  Šdivorce;€legitimacy;€ancestry;€relationshipŠ I™  Šby€blood,€adoption,€or€marriage;€or€otherŠ  p  Šsimilar€fact€of€personal€or€family€history,Š ÷G Ševen€though€the€declarant€had€no€means€ofŠ Ī Šacquiring€personal€knowledge€of€the€matterŠ „õ Šstated.€€Š |Ģ ŠĢ€€€€€€(B)€A€statement€concerning€the€deathŠ *z Šof,€or€any€of€the€facts€listed€in€subsectionŠ Q Š(4)(A)€about€another€person,€if€the€declarantŠ Ų( Šwas€related€to€the€other€person€by€blood,Š Æ’ Šadoption,€or€marriage€or€was€so€intimatelyŠ †Ö Šassociated€with€the€other€person's€family€asŠ ]­ Što€be€likely€to€have€accurate€informationŠ 4„ Šconcerning€the€matter€declared.€€Š  [ ŠĢ€€€€(5)€€ņ ņOther€Exceptionsó ó€ņņForfeiture€byŠ ¹  ŠWrongdoingóóŠ ą  ŠĢą ø ą€€€€ņ ņUnder€exceptional€circumstances,€theŠ >!Ž" Šfollowing€are€not€excluded€by€the€hearsayŠ "e# Šrule,€even€though€the€declarant€isŠ ģ"<$ Šunavailable€as€a€witness:€€A€statement€notŠ Ć#% Šspecifically€covered€by€any€of€the€foregoingŠ š$ź& Šexceptions€but€having€equivalentŠ q%Į ' Šcircumstantial€guarantees€of€trustworthiness,Š H&˜!( Šif€the€court€determines€that€(A)€theŠ 'o") Šstatement€is€offered€as€evidence€of€aŠ ö'F#* Šmaterial€fact;€(B)€the€statement€is€moreŠ Ķ($+ Šprobative€on€the€point€for€which€it€isŠ ¤)ō$, Šoffered€than€any€other€evidence€which€theŠ {*Ė%- Šproponent€can€procure€through€reasonableŠ R+¢&. Šefforts;€and€(C)€the€general€purposes€ofŠ ),y'/ Šthese€rules€and€the€interests€of€justice€willŠ -P(0 Šbest€be€served€by€admission€of€the€statementŠ ×-')1 Šinto€evidence.€€A€statement€may€not€beŠ ®.ž)2 Šadmitted€under€this€exception€unless€theŠ ° Šproponent€of€it€makes€known€to€the€adverseŠ ‡× Šparty,€sufficiently€in€advance€of€the€trialŠ ^® Šor€hearing€to€provide€the€adverse€party€withŠ 5… Ša€fair€opportunity€to€prepare€to€meet€it,€theŠ  \ Šintention€to€offer€the€statement€and€theŠ ć3 Šparticulars€of€it,€including€the€name€andŠ ŗ  Šaddress€of€the€declarant.ó ó€€ņņŌ#† XįXXXįG#ŌŌ‡X¼ŪXX XįŌA€statement,€whichŠ ‘ į Š(A)€was€(i)€given€under€oath€subject€to€theŠ i ¹ Špenalty€of€perjury€at€a€trial,€hearing,€orŠ 1   Šother€proceeding€or€in€a€deposition;€(ii)Š ł I  Šreduced€to€writing€and€has€been€signed€by€theŠ Į   Šdeclarant;€or€(iii)€recorded€in€substantiallyŠ ‰Ł  Šverbatim€fashion€by€stenographic€orŠ Q”  Šelectronic€means€contemporaneously€with€theŠ i  Šmaking€of€the€statement,€and€(B)€which€isŠ į1  Šoffered€against€a€party€who€has€engaged€orŠ ©ł  Šacquiesced€in€wrongdoing€that€was€intendedŠ qĮ  Što,€and€did,€procure€the€unavailability€ofŠ 9‰ Šthe€declarant€as€a€witness.€€A€statement€mayŠ Q Šnot€be€admitted€under€this€exception€ņ ņunless,Š É Šas€soon€as€is€practicable€after€the€proponentŠ ’ā Šof€the€statement€learns€that€the€declarantŠ ZŖ Šwill€be€unavailableó ó,€the€proponent€ņ ņņ ņ[ó óof€itņ ņ]ó óó óŠ "r Šmakes€known€to€the€adverse€partyņ ņņ ņ[ó ó,Š ė; Šsufficiently€in€advance€of€the€trial€orŠ “ Šhearing€to€provide€the€adverse€party€with€aŠ |Ģ Šfair€opportunity€to€prepare€to€meet€it,ó óņ ņ]ó ó€theŠ D” Šintention€to€offer€the€statement€and€theŠ  ] Šparticulars€of€it.óóŌ#† XįXXX¼Ū5+#ŌŌ‡XįXX XįŌŠ Õ% ŠņņĢCommittee€note:€A€š špartyšš€as€referred€to€inŠ tÄ Šsubsection€(b)(5)€also€includes€an€agent€ofŠ K›  Šthe€government.óóŠ "r! ŠĢCross€reference:€€See€Committee€note€to€RuleŠ Š # Š5-803€(b)(24).€€Š §!÷$ ŠĢSource:€€This€Rule€is€derived€from€F.R.Ev.Š U#„& Š804.Š ,$|' ŠĢĢҰ` ŅҰ` Ņą  ąRule€5„804€was€accompanied€by€the€following€Reporterššs€Note.Š ±&"* ŠĢŅ` °ŅŅ` °ŅŌ#† XįXXXį1#ŌŌ‡X¼ŪXX XįŌą ø ąIn€response€to€problems€of€witnessŠ _(Æ#, Šintimidation,€and€at€the€suggestion€ofŠ ')w$- ŠProfessor€Lynn€McLain€of€the€University€ofŠ ļ)?%. ŠBaltimore€School€of€Law€and€the€HonorableŠ ·*&/ ŠPaul€Grimm,€Magistrate€Judge€of€the€UnitedŠ +Ļ&0 ŠStates€District€Court,€the€EvidenceŠ G,—'1 ŠSubcommittee€recommends€the€addition€of€a€newŠ -_(2 Šhearsay€exception€based€on€Federal€Rule€804€bŠ ×-')3 Š6,€Forfeiture€[of€an€accusedššs€confrontationŠ Ÿ.ļ)4 Šright]€by€Wrongdoing.€€The€Subcommittee€addedŠ ° Šlanguage€derived€from€Rule€5„802.1Š xČ Šcircumscribing€the€types€of€statements€thatŠ @ Šwould€qualify.€€The€Subcommittee€alsoŠ X Šrecommends€adding€a€Committee€note€thatŠ Š  Šclarifies€that€the€government€is€alsoŠ ˜č Šincluded€when€the€Rule€refers€to€a€š špartyšš€inŠ ` ° Šsubsection€(b)(5).Š ( x ŠĢą ø ąThe€Subcommittee€recommends€deleting€theŠ ø   Šcatchall€exception€in€subsection€(b)(5)Š € Š  Šbecause€it€is€duplicative€of€subsectionŠ H ˜  Š(b)(24)€of€Rule€5„803.Š `  ŠĢŌ#† XįXXX¼Ūg3#ŌŌ‡XgXX XįŌ€Ō#† XįXXXg©8#ŌŠ  š  ŠŅ°` ŅҰ` ŅÓÓą  ąMr.€Karceski€explained€that€the€proposed€changes€to€Rule€5„Š ‰Ł  Š804€are€an€attempt€to€parallel€the€Rule€with€its€federalŠ 7‡  Šcounterpart,€Federal€Rule€804€b€6,€Forfeiture€by€Wrongdoing.€€Š å5 ŠThe€new€provision€allows€statements€by€an€unavailable€witness€toŠ “ć Šbe€admitted€when€the€statements€have€some€trustworthiness,€suchŠ A‘ Šas€those€given€under€oath€subject€to€the€penalty€of€perjury€atŠ ļ? Štrial,€in€a€deposition€or€other€proceeding,€or€reduced€to€writingŠ ķ Šand€signed€by€the€declarant,€or€recorded€by€stenographic€orŠ K› Šelectronic€means,€if€the€unavailability€of€the€witness€wasŠ łI Šprocured€by€a€party€who€engaged€in€or€acquiesced€in€wrongdoingŠ §÷! Šintended€to€cause€the€witnessššs€unavailability.€€To€add€balanceŠ U!„# Što€the€proposed€amendment,€the€suggested€Committee€note€indicatesŠ #S% Šthat€the€government€is€also€included€when€the€subsection€refersŠ ±$ ' Što€a€š šparty.šš€€This€levels€the€playing€field€for€both€sides€byŠ _&Æ!) Šincluding€the€government,€the€defendant,€or€a€friend€or€familyŠ  (]#+ Šmember€of€the€defendant€who€attempts€to€exclude€the€testimony€ofŠ ») %- Ša€witness.€€One€issue€to€be€discussed€is€the€timing€of€when€theŠ i+¹&/ Šinformation€is€brought€forward.€€The€proposed€language€states:€Š -g(1 Šš šA€statement€may€not€be€admitted€under€this€exception€unless,€asŠ ° Šsoon€as€is€practicable€after€the€proponent€of€the€statementŠ ^® Šlearns€that€the€declarant€will€be€unavailable,€the€proponentŠ  \ Šmakes€known€to€the€adverse€party€the€intention€to€offer€theŠ ŗ  Šstatement€and€the€particulars€of€it.šš€€The€matter€could€arise€onŠ h ø Šthe€day€of€the€trial.€€The€Chair€observed€that,€because€of€thisŠ  f  Špossibility,€instead€of€using€the€exact€language€of€the€currentŠ Ä  Šš šcatchallšš€exceptions€in€subsection€(b)(24)€of€Rule€5„803€andŠ rĀ  Šsubsection€(b)(5)€of€Rule€5„804,€the€proposed€amendmentŠ  p  Šsubstitutes€the€phrase,€š šas€soon€as€is€practicablešš€for€theŠ Ī Šš šcatchallšš€phrase,€š šsufficiently€in€advance€of€trial.šš€€The€trialŠ |Ģ Šcourt€can€take€steps€to€allow€counsel€to€prepare€if€the€matter€isŠ *z Šraised€on€the€day€of€trial.Š Ų( Šą  ąThe€Chair€stated€that€the€Office€of€the€Governor€is€veryŠ †Ö Šinterested€in€the€proposed€change€to€Rule€5„804.€€Last€year,€aŠ 4„ Šbill€submitted€on€witness€intimidation€did€not€get€out€of€theŠ ā2 ŠHouse€Judiciary€Committee.€€Witness€intimidation€arisesŠ ą  Šfrequently€in€Baltimore€City€as€well€as€in€other€jurisdictionsŠ >!Ž" Šaround€the€State.€€The€Chair€had€spoken€with€Jervis€Finney,€Esq.,Š ģ"<$ ŠChief€Legal€Counsel€and€Chrys€Kefalas,€Esq.,€Deputy€Counsel,€fromŠ š$ź& Šthe€Office€of€the€Governor.€€The€Chair€commented€that€theŠ H&˜!( Šlanguage€in€bold€letters€recognizes€that€the€proponent€of€theŠ ö'F#* Šstatement€may€not€be€aware€of€the€witnessššs€unavailability€untilŠ ¤)ō$, Šthe€last€minute€before€trial.€€It€requires€the€proponent€to€giveŠ R+¢&. Šas€much€prior€notice€as€is€practicable.€€The€š šcatchallšš€languageŠ -P(0 Šthat€was€used€in€an€earlier€draft€of€the€proposed€amendment€isŠ ®.ž)2 Šproblematic€and€therefore€has€been€deleted.€€Fed.R.Ev.€804€(b)(6)Š ° Šis€much€broader,€because€it€allows€any€statement€to€be€admittedŠ ^® Šthat€was€offered€against€a€party€who€has€engaged€or€acquiesced€inŠ  \ Šwrongdoing€that€was€intended€to€and€did€procure€theŠ ŗ  Šunavailability€of€the€declarant€as€a€witness.€€When€the€EvidenceŠ h ø ŠSubcommittee€discussed€the€Rule,€Delegate€Vallario€was€concernedŠ  f  Šthat€a€witnessššs€statement€that€is€found€in€a€police€report€butŠ Ä  Šhas€not€been€reduced€to€writing€could€be€admitted.€€To€avoid€thisŠ rĀ  Šscenario,€the€language€from€Rule€5„802.1,€Hearsay€Exceptions€š!šŠ  p  ŠPrior€Statements€by€Witnesses,€was€put€into€the€proposed€languageŠ Ī Šin€Rule€5„804€so€that€only€statements€that€are€trustworthyŠ |Ģ Šbecause€they€are€under€oath,€reduced€to€writing€and€signed€by€theŠ *z Šdeclarant,€or€recorded€by€stenographic€or€electronic€means,€mayŠ Ų( Šbe€admitted€under€the€Rule.€€This€solves€some€of€the€problemsŠ †Ö Šraised€at€the€Subcommittee€meeting.€€The€Chair€said€that€theŠ 4„ ŠHonorable€Paul€Grimm,€Magistrate€Judge€of€the€United€StatesŠ ā2 ŠDistrict€Court,€and€Professor€Lynn€McLain€of€the€University€ofŠ ą  ŠBaltimore€Law€School€were€present€at€the€Subcommittee€meeting.€€Š >!Ž" Šą  ą€The€Chair€said€that€another€issue€discussed€at€the€meetingŠ ģ"<$ Šwas€where€the€Rule€should€be€placed.€€One€possibility€is€to€putŠ š$ź& Šit€into€Rule€5„803,€Hearsay€Exceptions:€Unavailability€ofŠ H&˜!( ŠDeclarant€Not€Required,€because€it€is€an€admission€by€conduct.€Š ö'F#* ŠHowever,€it€is€better€suited€to€Rule€5„804,€because€the€declarantŠ ¤)ō$, Šis€unavailable.€€This€is€not€like€an€admission€by€silence,€whichŠ R+¢&. Šis€a€real,€relevant€silence€in€the€face€of€an€accusation.€€Š -P(0 Šą  ąProfessor€McLain€explained€that€the€proposed€change€to€RuleŠ ®.ž)2 Š5„804€is€based€on€the€common€law€and€the€federal€rule€that€mayŠ ° Šnot€be€familiar€to€some€Maryland€practitioners.€€She€citedŠ ^® Šfootnote€7€in€ņņCooley€v.€Stateóó,€157€Md.€App.€101€(2004),€authoredŠ  \ Šby€the€Chair:€š šIf€the€means€of€justice€are€to€be€preserved€andŠ ¾  Šthe€ends€of€justice€protected,€courts€must€exercise€theirŠ l ¼ Šdiscretion€so€as€to€dispel€any€belief€that€intimidation€ofŠ  j  Švictims€or€witnesses€will€serve€the€ends€to€which€theŠ Č  Šintimidation€is€directed.šš€€Professor€McLain€told€the€CommitteeŠ vĘ  Šthat€this€Rule€is€different€from€guilty€knowledge€or€prosecutingŠ $t  Šsomeone€for€intimidating€a€witness.€€It€facilitates€theŠ Ņ" Špossibility€of€admitting€a€witnessšš€statement€without€the€witnessŠ €Š Šbeing€available.€€It€takes€away€the€payoff€of€intimidating€theŠ .~ Šwitness.€€Š Ü, Šą  ąProfessor€McLain€continued€that€in€some€sections€ofŠ ŠŚ ŠBaltimore€City,€the€selling€of€drugs€on€the€streets€is€common,Š 8ˆ Šand€there€is€an€atmosphere€of€intimidation€by€threats,€vandalism,Š ę6 Šharassment,€and€even€murder.€€Editorials€in€the€ņņSunpapersóó€haveŠ ”ä  Šindicated€that€this€is€a€big€problem.€€In€a€recent€case,€theŠ B!’" Šfather€of€a€10„year„old€child€who€was€innocently€struck€by€aŠ š"@$ Šbullet,€would€not€talk€to€the€police,€because€he€was€afraid€forŠ ž$ī& Šthe€safety€of€his€family.€€Currently,€if€a€witness€cannot€or€willŠ L&œ!( Šnot€testify,€the€prosecution€of€the€case€is€often€dropped.€Š ś'J#* ŠAlthough€the€proposed€change€to€Rule€5„804€is€not€a€cure€forŠ Ø)ų$, Šthese€problems,€it€may€provide€some€help.€€It€is€a€logicalŠ V+¦&. Šconsequence€that€if€one€commits€wrongdoing,€one€cannot€complainŠ -T(0 Šabout€the€situation€that€was€created.€€The€defendant€cannotŠ ° Šobject€to€the€admission€of€the€witnessššs€out„of„court€statementŠ ^® Šon€the€grounds€that€the€defendant€is€not€able€to€cross„examineŠ  \ Šthe€witness,€if€the€defendant€is€responsible€for€theŠ ŗ  Šunavailability€of€the€witness.€€Professor€McLain€quoted€fromŠ h ø ŠņņReynolds€v.€United€Statesóó,€98€U.S.€145,€158„59€(1879):€€š šTheŠ  f  ŠConstitution€does€not€guarantee€an€accused€person€against€theŠ Č  Šlegitimate€consequences€of€his€own€wrongful€acts.€€It€grants€himŠ vĘ  Šthe€privilege€of€being€confronted€with€the€witnesses€against€him;Š $t  Šbut€if€he€voluntarily€keeps€the€witnesses€away,€he€cannot€insistŠ Ņ" Šon€his€privilege.šš€€At€the€request€of€Professor€McLain,€excerptsŠ €Š Šfrom€ņņReynoldsóó,€ņņCrawford€v.€Washingtonóó,€124€S.€Ct.€1354,€1370Š .~ Š(2004),€and€the€Advisory€Committee€Notes€to€the€1997€AmendmentsŠ ą0 Što€Fed.R.Ev.€804€and€correspondence€from€Professor€Richard€D.Š ŽŽ ŠFriedman€of€the€University€of€Michigan€Law€School€wereŠ <Œ Šdistributed€to€the€Committee.€€See€Appendix€1.Š ź: Šą  ąThe€Chair€asked€the€guests€if€anyone€wished€to€speak€on€thisŠ ˜č  Šissue.€€Mr.€Gioia,€an€Assistant€Stateššs€Attorney€for€BaltimoreŠ F!–" ŠCity€said€that€he€was€the€training€director€for€his€office,€andŠ ō"D$ Šhe€introduced€Mr.€Doan,€who€is€the€Chief€Attorney€for€the€TrialŠ ¢$ņ& ŠDivision€of€the€Baltimore€City€Stateššs€Attorneyššs€Office.€€Mr.Š P& !( ŠGioia€thanked€the€Committee€for€the€opportunity€to€speak.€€HeŠ ž'N#* Šsaid€that€although€the€changes€to€Rule€5„804€are€well„Š ¬)ü$, Šintentioned,€they€are€inadequate€to€solve€the€problems€they€areŠ Z+Ŗ&. Štrying€to€cure.€€There€is€an€unintended€benefit€to€a€defendantŠ -X(0 Šwho€murders€a€witness,€since€the€dead€witnessššs€statement€cannotŠ ° Šbe€admitted€if€it€had€not€been€given€under€oath,€reduced€toŠ ^® Šwriting,€or€recorded€by€stenographic€or€electronic€means.€€If€aŠ  \ Šdefendant€murders€or€arranges€for€the€murder€of€a€witness€who€wasŠ ŗ  Što€testify€for€the€United€States€Attorneyššs€office,€the€witnessššsŠ h ø Šstatement€is€admissible€under€the€federal€system.€€Mr.€GioiaŠ  f  Šasked€the€Committee€not€to€adopt€a€watered„down€version€of€theŠ Ä  Šfederal€rule.€Š rĀ  Šą  ąMr.€Gioia€cited€the€case€of€ņņNance€v.€Stateóó,€331€Md.€549Š  p  Š(1993)€concerning€this€issue,€and€he€said€that€there€is€fear€inŠ Ņ" ŠBaltimore€City.€€Often€a€defendantššs€girlfriend€is€willing€toŠ €Š Štestify€at€first,€and€then€she€refuses€to€come€to€court.€€If€theŠ .~ Šdefendant€authorized€the€killing€of€a€witness€or€killed€theŠ Ü, Šwitness€himself,€the€witnessššs€statement€cannot€be€admitted.€€Mr.Š ŠŚ ŠDoan€added€that€the€witness€may€have€made€an€oral€statement€toŠ 8ˆ Šthe€detective,€but€the€statement€was€not€on€tape€nor€was€itŠ ę6 Šsigned.€€This€would€not€be€covered€under€the€Rule.€€Mr.€GioiaŠ ”ä  Šsaid€that€even€if€the€statement€were€admitted,€the€defenseŠ B!’" Šattorney€can€attack€the€credibility€of€the€declarant€under€RuleŠ š"@$ Š5„806,€Attacking€and€Supporting€Credibility€of€Declarant.€€HeŠ ž$ī& Šasked€that€Rule€5„804€be€the€same€as€the€federal€rule.€€Š L&œ!( Šą  ąMr.€Johnson€commented€that€there€has€to€be€some€indicia€ofŠ ś'J#* Šcredibility€on€the€part€of€the€witness.€€If€the€witness€tells€theŠ Ø)ų$, Šdetective€something€that€is€not€under€oath,€credibility€is€out€ofŠ V+¦&. Šthe€equation.€Š -T(0 Šą  ąJudge€Missouri€said€that€he€is€a€former€prosecutor,€and€heŠ ° Šdid€not€like€the€direction€in€which€Mr.€Gioia€was€going.€€PoliceŠ ^® Šofficers€may€lie€about€what€the€witness€had€told€them.€€If€theŠ  \ Šwitness€will€not€sign€a€statement€or€be€recorded,€the€purportedŠ ŗ  Štestimony€of€the€witness€should€not€be€admitted.€€Mr.€DoanŠ h ø Šremarked€that€the€officer€could€be€cross„examined.€€Mr.€GioiaŠ  f  Šadded€that€mendacity€among€law€enforcement€is€always€possible€andŠ Ä  Šmay€be€a€problem.€€The€Chair€commented€that€he€had€been€anŠ rĀ  ŠAssistantššs€Stateššs€Attorney,€also.€€This€Rule€runs€the€risk€ofŠ  p  Šviolating€constitutional€rights.€€If€the€defendantššs€girlfriendŠ Ī Šwill€not€put€her€statement€in€writing,€it€should€not€be€admitted.€Š |Ģ ŠThere€are€other€reasons€that€she€may€not€want€her€statement€to€beŠ *z Šadmitted€besides€being€frightened.€€There€are€other€arrows€in€theŠ Ų( Šprosecutorššs€quiver€to€get€her€testimony€admitted,€such€as€takingŠ †Ö Šher€deposition€under€Rule€4„261,€Depositions.€€A€basic€degree€ofŠ 4„ Šaccuracy€is€necessary.€€The€Chair€said€that€he€shared€the€concernŠ ā2 Šof€Mr.€Johnson€and€Judge€Missouri€about€the€reliability€of€theŠ ą  Štestimony€of€a€witness€who€will€not€sign€a€written€statement.€Š >!Ž" ŠThe€Chair€added€that€another€troubling€aspect€of€the€proposedŠ ģ"<$ ŠRule€change€is€the€question€of€how€the€prosecutor€provesŠ š$ź& Šparticipation€by€the€defendant€in€the€intimidation.€€Without€thisŠ H&˜!( Šproof,€the€defendant€has€a€constitutional€right€to€confront€theŠ ö'F#* Šwitness.Š ¤)ō$, Šą  ąMr.€Karceski€observed€that€when€a€witness€will€not€sign€aŠ R+¢&. Šstatement€or€allow€one€to€be€recorded€or€stated€under€oath,€thereŠ -P(0 Šis€almost€no€chance€that€the€witness€will€appear€to€testify€atŠ ®.ž)2 Šthe€trial.€€He€said€that€he€shared€the€concern€of€the€Chair€andŠ ° ŠJudge€Missouri€about€allowing€in€the€witnessššs€oral€statement€toŠ ^® Šthe€police.€€The€police€will€have€to€learn€better€how€to€dealŠ  \ Šwith€such€a€witness.€€Š ŗ  Šą  ąMr.€Gioia€remarked€that€subsection€(b)(6),€Forfeiture€byŠ h ø ŠWrongdoing,€was€added€to€Fed.R.Ev.€804€in€1997.€€Since€1997,€inŠ  f  Šfederal€appellate€decisions,€there€are€rare€instances€where€theŠ Ä  Šstatement€of€a€missing€or€dead€witness€has€not€been€recorded€orŠ rĀ  Šmemorialized€in€writing.€€This€is€not€a€confrontation€clauseŠ  p  Šviolation€either€pre„€or€post„ņņCrawford€v.€Washingtonóó,€124€S.€Ct.Š Ī Š1354€(2004).€€He€reiterated€that€he€advocated€a€rule€that€is€co„Š €Š Šextensive€with€Fed.R.Ev.€804€(b)(6).€€Š .~ Šą  ąMr.€Mitchell€told€the€Committee€that€he€is€the€President€ofŠ Ü, Šthe€Criminal€Defense€Attorneyššs€Association.€€He€echoed€theŠ ŠŚ Šcomments€of€the€Chair€and€Judge€Missouri.€€In€Prince€GeorgeššsŠ 8ˆ ŠCounty,€a€few€officers€seem€willing€to€violate€their€own€code€ofŠ ę6 Šethics.€€He€said€that€he€objects€to€opening€the€door€toŠ ”ä  Šstatements€that€have€not€been€Ō_ŌrecordedŌ_Ō€under€oath.€€AnotherŠ B!’" Šconcern€is€that€no€decisions€exist€as€to€the€definition€of€theŠ š"@$ Šterm€š šwrongdoingšš€or€what€intimidation€of€a€witness€is.€€Some€ofŠ ž$ī& Šthe€comments€he€has€heard€indicate€that€intimidation€meansŠ L&œ!( Šphysically€harming€a€witness.€€If€the€defendant€says€to€theŠ ś'J#* Šwitness€š šIf€you€testify,€I€will€kill€you,šš€that€is€wrongdoingŠ Ø)ų$, Šintended€to€keep€the€witness€from€testifying,€but€what€aboutŠ V+¦&. Šsomething€more€subtle?€€There€are€statutes€addressing€witnessŠ -T(0 Šintimidation,€and€these€must€be€reconciled€with€the€proposedŠ ° Šchange€to€Rule€5„804.€€Another€problem€is€the€witness€who€hasŠ ^® Šperceived€intimidation,€but€there€is€no€reasonable€basis€for€theŠ  \ Šwitnessššs€fear.€€Also,€what€will€the€standard€be€to€determine€ifŠ ŗ  Šthe€defendant€had€anything€to€do€with€the€witnessššs€perception?€€Š h ø ŠMr.€Mitchell€thanked€the€members€of€the€Committee€for€theirŠ  f  Šattention.Š Ä  Šą  ąMr.€Brault€pointed€out€that€if€an€intimidated€witness,€whoŠ rĀ  Šis€available€and€is€called€at€the€trial€by€the€State,€directlyŠ  p  Šcontradicts€a€statement€that€the€witness€gave€to€a€policeŠ Ī Šofficer,€section€(a)€of€Rule€5„802.1,€Hearsay€Exceptions€š!š€PriorŠ |Ģ ŠStatements€by€Witnesses,€is€available€to€allow€the€priorŠ *z Šstatement€to€be€admitted.€€He€observed€that€the€StateššsŠ Ų( ŠAttorneyššs€position€is€that€the€safeguards€in€Rule€5„802.1€(a)Š †Ö Šshould€be€omitted€from€Rule€5„804€(b)(5).€€Mr.€Dean€clarifiedŠ 4„ Šthat€this€is€the€position€of€the€Office€of€the€Stateššs€AttorneyŠ ā2 Šfor€Baltimore€City,€not€all€Stateššs€Attorneys€in€Maryland.€€Mr.Š ą  ŠBrault€commented€that€this€would€create€different€rules€ofŠ >!Ž" Šadmissibility€for€statements€of€a€live€witness€who€can€be€cross„Š ģ"<$ Šexamined€than€for€one€who€has€been€murdered.€€For€the€latter,€allŠ š$ź& Šof€the€witnessššs€oral€statements€to€the€police€would€have€to€beŠ H&˜!( Šadmitted.€€He€said€that€years€ago,€he€had€done€criminal€defenseŠ ö'F#* Šwork,€and€it€was€known€that€certain€police€officers€do€not€alwaysŠ ¤)ō$, Štell€the€truth.€€An€experienced€defense€attorney€must€proceedŠ R+¢&. Šknowing€that€this€might€be€a€possibility.€€€Š -P(0 Šą  ąMr.€Dean€explained€that€the€Evidence€Subcommittee€startedŠ ®.ž)2 Šusing€the€federal€Rule€as€a€base.€€To€provide€some€guarantees€ofŠ ° Šreliability,€language€was€borrowed€from€Rule€5„802.1€(a)€andŠ ^® Šadded€to€the€proposed€new€provision€in€Rule€5„804.€€He€expressedŠ  \ Šthe€opinion€that€Mr.€Gioiaššs€objection€to€adding€this€language€isŠ ŗ  Šnot€a€reason€to€reject€the€proposed€Rule€change€that€is€beforeŠ h ø Šthe€Committee€today.€€The€new€language€will€address€the€seriousŠ  f  Šproblem€of€witness€intimidation,€and€the€addition€of€the€languageŠ Ä  Šfrom€Rule€5„802.1€will€make€it€a€fair€Rule.€€If€the€new€Rule€doesŠ rĀ  Šnot€address€the€problem,€further€changes€can€be€made.€€He€addedŠ  p  Šthat€based€on€his€experience€as€a€prosecutor,€it€is€not€a€goodŠ Ī Šidea€to€vouch€for€a€witness€who€will€not€record€a€statement€orŠ |Ģ Šsign€that€it€is€true.€€Š *z Šą  ąMr.€DeWolfe€asked€if€there€had€been€any€discussions€as€toŠ Ų( Šthe€standard€of€proof€for€establishing€the€wrongdoing.€€If€it€isŠ †Ö Šby€preponderance€of€the€evidence,€the€Office€of€the€PublicŠ 4„ ŠDefender€would€have€a€problem€with€it.€€The€standard€of€proof€forŠ ā2 Šš šother€crimesšš€evidence€is€clear€and€convincing.€€His€office€alsoŠ ą  Šwould€object€to€a€Rule€that€allows€admissibility€of€the€witnessššsŠ >!Ž" Šstatement€to€be€triggered€not€only€by€the€defendantššs€ownŠ ģ"<$ Šconduct,€but€also€by€the€defendantššs€acquiescence€in€the€conductŠ š$ź& Šof€others.€€Š H&˜!( Šą  ąThe€Chair€said€that€the€Subcommittee€had€looked€atŠ ö'F#* Šestablishing€wrongdoing€or€acquiescence€in€wrongdoing€withŠ ¤)ō$, Ševidence€that€is€itself€hearsay€evidence.€€Federal€cases€haveŠ R+¢&. Šheld€that€this€is€allowable.€€This€is€decided€preliminarilyŠ -P(0 Špursuant€to€Fed.R.Ev.€104,€Preliminary€Questions.€€Maryland€RuleŠ ®.ž)2 Š5„104€provides€that€the€court€may€admit€evidence€whose€relevanceŠ ° Šdepends€upon€the€fulfillment€of€a€condition€or€fact€if€the€courtŠ ^® Šfinds€that€evidence€has€been€introduced€that€is€sufficient€toŠ  \ Šsupport€a€finding€by€the€trier€of€fact€that€the€condition€hasŠ ŗ  Šbeen€fulfilled.€€Although€federal€cases€use€the€preponderance€ofŠ h ø Šthe€evidence€standard,€the€Chair€conjectured€that€consistent€withŠ  f  Šthe€ruling€of€the€Court€of€Appeals€with€respect€to€evidence€ofŠ Ä  Šother€crimes,€the€standard€would€be€clear€and€convincing€evidenceŠ rĀ  Šthat€the€defendant€acquiesced€in€or€initiated€wrongdoing.€€TheŠ  p  Šfact€proven€by€the€evidence€is€itself€hearsay€under€theŠ Ī Šdefinition€of€hearsay.€€This€should€be€left€to€case€development.€€Š |Ģ Šą  ąProfessor€McLain€pointed€out€that€Rule€5„804€applies€to€bothŠ *z Šcivil€and€criminal€cases.€€In€the€case€of€ņņSessoms€v.€Stateóó,€357Š Ų( ŠMd.€274€(2000),€the€Court€of€Appeals€held€that€the€standard€ofŠ ŠŚ Šclear€and€convincing€evidence€is€only€to€protect€defendants€inŠ 8ˆ Šcriminal€actions.€€Should€Rule€5„804€contain€a€specific€burden€ofŠ ę6 Šproof€applicable€in€criminal€actions?€€In€medical€malpracticeŠ ”ä  Šcases,€experts€who€testify€on€behalf€of€plaintiffs€face€aŠ B!’" Šfraternity€of€silence.€€This€is€not€an€overt€threat,€but€it€makesŠ š"@$ Šone€tread€carefully.€€Mr.€Brault€referred€to€ņņMeyer€v.€McDonnellóó,Š ž$ī& Š40€Md.€App.€524€(1978),€in€which€Dr.€McDonnell€tried€toŠ P& !( Šintimidate€the€plaintiffššs€expert€witnesses€in€his€medicalŠ ž'N#* Šmalpractice€case€by€telling€them€of€his€intention€to€haveŠ ¬)ü$, Štranscripts€of€their€depositions€disseminated€to€their€local€andŠ Z+Ŗ&. Šnational€medical€societies.€€The€holding€of€the€Court€of€SpecialŠ -X(0 ŠAppeals€was€that€the€evidence€of€the€intended€intimidation€š šhasŠ ° Šprobative€value€insofar€as€it€related€to€the€[the€defendantššs]Š ^® Šconsciousness€of€the€weakness€of€his€case€and€it€could€have€beenŠ  \ Šconsidered€by€the€jury€for€that€purpose.šš€ņņMeyeróó,€at€534.€€TheŠ ŗ  ŠChair€added€that€because€the€witnesses€came€to€trial€and€took€theŠ l ¼ Šstand,€there€was€no€issue€as€to€the€admissibility€of€their€priorŠ  j  Šstatements.€€He€opined€that€had€the€intimidation€been€successful,Š Č  Šthe€witnessesšš€prior€statements€should€have€been€admissible€asŠ vĘ  Šsubstantive€evidence.Š $t  Šą  ąProfessor€McLain€noted€that€Fed.R.Ev.€804(b)(6)€applies€toŠ Ņ" Šcivil€and€criminal€cases.€€Except€for€the€Fifth€Circuit,€theŠ €Š Šburden€of€proof€as€to€forfeiture€by€wrongdoing€in€federalŠ .~ Šcriminal€cases€is€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence€standard.€Š Ü, ŠThe€Advisory€Committee€note€to€the€1997€amendments€to€Fed.R.Ev.Š ŠŚ Š804€states€that€š š[t]he€usual€Rule€104€(a)€preponderance€of€theŠ 8ˆ Ševidence€standard€has€been€adopted€in€light€of€the€behavior€theŠ ę6 Šnew€Rule€804€(b)(6)€seeks€to€discourage.šš€€The€use€of€Fed.R.Ev.Š ”ä  Š104€(a),€rather€than€Fed.R.Ev.€104€(b),€provides€a€safeguard€inŠ B!’" Šthat€a€judge,€rather€than€a€jury,€makes€the€determination€as€toŠ š"@$ Šadmissibility€of€a€statement€under€Fed.R.Ev.€804€(b)(6).€€TheŠ ž$ī& ŠHon.€Paul€W.€Grimm,€who€was€present€at€the€Subcommittee€meetingŠ L&œ!( Šat€which€this€Rule€was€discussed,€had€commented€that€if€the€StateŠ ś'J#* Šcan€prove€wrongdoing,€whether€criminal€or€not,€such€as€procuringŠ Ø)ų$, Šthe€unavailability€of€a€witness,€it€does€not€necessarily€meanŠ V+¦&. Šthat€the€witnessššs€out„of„court€statement€is€admitted.€€TheŠ -T(0 Šstatement€may€be€admitted,€but€the€trial€court€has€to€review€theŠ ° Šstatement€to€see€if€the€declarant€has€first„hand€knowledge.€Š ^® ŠAfter€ņņCrawfordóó,€the€issue€is€more€one€of€whether€the€statement€isŠ  \ Šhearsay€and€a€question€of€due€process,€as€well€as€State€orŠ ¾  Šfederal€evidence€rules.€€The€hearsay€must€be€reliable,€or€itŠ l ¼ Šviolates€due€process.€€Fed.R.Ev.€403€provides€that€relevantŠ  j  Ševidence€may€be€excluded€if€its€probative€value€is€substantiallyŠ Č  Šoutweighed€by€the€danger€of€unfair€prejudice,€confusion€of€theŠ vĘ  Šissues,€or€misleading€the€jury.€€The€kinds€of€statements€that€areŠ $t  Šadmitted€include€dying€declarations,€excited€utterances,€andŠ Ņ" Šstatements€made€to€the€defendantššs€girlfriend.€€Some€testimonialŠ €Š Šstatements€may€be€admitted.€€The€Court€of€Appeals€is€currentlyŠ .~ Šconsidering€a€case€involving€a€definition€of€the€termŠ Ü, Šš štestimonial.šš€€In€some€jurisdictions,€some€excited€utterancesŠ ŠŚ Šare€considered€to€be€testimonial.€€Š 8ˆ Šą  ąMr.€Karceski€asked€Professor€McLain€what€the€jury€is€toldŠ ę6 Šabout€the€defendant€procuring€the€unavailability€of€the€witness.€Š ”ä  ŠProfessor€McLain€answered€that€the€jury€is€not€told€about€this.€Š B!’" ŠMr.€Karceski€noted€that€the€client€may€have€procured€theŠ š"@$ Šwitnessššs€absence,€yet€it€is€not€stated€as€to€why€the€witness€isŠ ž$ī& Šnot€there.€€The€Chair€said€that€this€is€resolved€outside€of€theŠ L&œ!( Špresence€of€the€jury,€similar€to€an€instruction€as€toŠ ś'J#* Šcredibility.€€Š Ø)ų$, Šą  ąMr.€Gioia€thanked€the€Chair€for€the€revision€of€the€noticeŠ V+¦&. Šprovision.€€He€remarked€that€the€identity€of€the€absent€declarerŠ -T(0 Šand€the€particulars€of€the€statement€would€have€been€previouslyŠ ° Šdisclosed€to€the€defense€pursuant€to€Rule€4„263.€€The€ChairŠ ^® Šinquired€as€to€whether€the€federal€rule€requires€priorŠ  \ Šnotification,€and€Professor€McLain€responded€that€this€is€notŠ ŗ  Šrequired.€€The€Chair€expressed€the€opinion€that€priorŠ h ø Šnotification€should€be€required.€€The€notice€does€not€necessarilyŠ  f  Šhave€to€be€in€writing.€€Š Ä  Šą  ąThe€Chair€said€that€with€respect€to€the€request€made€by€theŠ rĀ  ŠState€to€conform€the€Rule€to€the€federal€rule,€if€the€Rule€isŠ  p  Šapproved€by€the€Rules€Committee,€the€guests€can€come€to€the€CourtŠ Ī Šof€Appeals€and€ask€for€the€added€language€to€be€taken€out.€€Mr.Š |Ģ ŠSykes€pointed€out€that€there€is€an€alternative€version€of€the€newŠ *z Šlanguage€in€the€meeting€materials,€and€he€questioned€as€to€whatŠ Ų( Šthe€Subcommitteeššs€opinion€is.€€The€Chair€explained€that€theŠ †Ö Šversion€of€Rule€5„804€handed€out€and€considered€by€the€CommitteeŠ 4„ Štoday€clarifies€that€the€duty€is€on€the€disclosing€party€toŠ ā2 Šnotify€the€opponent€as€soon€as€the€opponent€is€aware€that€theŠ ą  Šdeclarant€is€unavailable.€€The€language€which€is€indicated€asŠ >!Ž" Šstricken€at€the€beginning€of€subsection€(b)(5)€was€the€š šcatchallššŠ ģ"<$ Šlanguage€at€the€end€of€the€Rule.€€Originally,€the€proposedŠ š$ź& Šlanguage€read€š šmakes€known€to€the€adverse€party€sufficiently€inŠ H&˜!( Šadvance€of€the€trial€or€hearing€to€provide€the€adverse€party€withŠ ö'F#* Ša€fair€opportunity€to€prepare€to€meet€it,šš€but€this€did€notŠ ¤)ō$, Šaccount€for€the€situation€where€the€unavailability€is€notŠ R+¢&. Šdiscovered€until€after€the€trial€has€started€and€is€not€known€inŠ -P(0 Šadvance€of€the€trial.Š ®.ž)2 Šą  ąMr.€Bowen€moved€to€adopt€the€version€of€Rule€5„804€that€wasŠ ° Šhanded€out€at€todayššs€meeting,€taking€into€account€that€stylisticŠ ^® Šchanges€will€be€necessary.€€The€motion€was€seconded,€and€itŠ  \ Špassed€unanimously.€€Š ŗ  ŠÓÓĢŠ  ?   ŠAgenda€Item€3.€€Consideration€of€a€policy€question€concerningŠ ° Š€€adding€to€Rule€8„423€(Supersedeas€Bond)€a€cap€on€the€dollarŠ ‡× Š€€amount€of€a€supersedeas€bond€(See€Appendix€2)Š ^® Š_________________________________________________________________Š 5… ŠĢÓÓą  ąThe€Chair€announced€that€because€Mr.€McCoy€was€present,Š ć3 ŠAgenda€Item€3€would€be€discussed€next.€€Š ‘ į Šą  ąMr.€McCoy€said€that€he€appreciated€the€opportunity€toŠ ?   Šaddress€the€Rules€Committee.€€He€represents€the€Philip€MorrisŠ ķ =  ŠCompany.€€In€May€of€2004,€he€submitted€a€letter€with€backgroundŠ ›ė  Šmaterial€to€the€Rules€Committee€requesting€that€a€change€be€madeŠ I™  Što€Rule€8„423,€Supersedeas€Bond,€to€put€in€a€$25€million€bondŠ ÷G Šlimit.€€See€Appendix€3.€€Currently,€Rule€8„423€provides€that€whenŠ „õ Šjudgment€is€for€the€recovery€of€money€not€otherwise€secured,€theŠ S£ Šamount€of€the€bond€shall€be€the€sum€that€will€cover€the€wholeŠ Q Šamount€of€the€judgment€remaining€unsatisfied€plus€interest€andŠ Æ’ Šcosts.€€Mr.€McCoy€is€proposing€that€language€be€added€to€stateŠ ]­ Šthat€if€the€appellee€proves€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidenceŠ  [ Šthat€an€appellant€whose€bond€has€been€so€limited€has€beenŠ ¹  Šdissipating€assets€outside€the€ordinary€course€of€business€toŠ g ·! Šavoid€payment€of€a€judgment,€the€court€may€require€the€appellantŠ "e# Što€execute€a€bond€in€an€amount€up€to€the€full€amount€of€theŠ Ć#% Šjudgment.€€This€follows€the€changes€made€by€at€least€30€otherŠ q%Į ' Šstates€that€have€limited€the€amount€of€supersedeas€bonds.€€InŠ 'o") Š2003,€there€were€21€jury€verdicts€of€over€$100€million,€includingŠ Ķ($+ Šone€for€$11.8€billion.€€In€Maryland,€inņņ€First€Union€National€BankŠ {*Ė%- Šv.€Steele€Softwareóó,€154€Md.€App.€97€(2003),€the€plaintiff€wasŠ -,}'/ Šawarded€$76€million€in€compensatory€damages€and€an€additionalŠ ß-/)1 Š$200€million€in€punitive€damages.€€Š ° Šą  ąMr.€McCoy€noted€that€although€ordinarily€a€bond€must€beŠ ^® Šposted€in€an€amount€equal€to€the€amount€of€the€judgment,€ņņŠ  \ ŠOššDonnell€v.€McGannóó,€310€Md.€342€(1987)€held€that€the€generalŠ ŗ  Šprovisions€of€Rule€1„402€(d)€give€a€trial€judge€latitude€inŠ l ¼ Šsetting€the€amount€of€a€supersedeas€bond€š šin€an€extraordinaryŠ  j  Šcase.šš€€In€ņņPennzoil€Co.€v.€Texaco,€Inc.óó,€481€U.S.€1€(1987),€thereŠ Č  Šwas€an€$11.12€billion€verdict€against€Texaco€for€tortiousŠ zŹ  Šinterference€of€a€contract.€€At€that€time,€the€entire€world€bondŠ (x  Šmarket€totaled€$1.5€billion,€so€Texaco€could€not€post€the€bondŠ Ö& Šand€had€to€file€for€bankruptcy€to€prevent€Pennzoil€fromŠ „Ō Šperfecting€judgment€liens€on€its€property.€€In€ņņLiggett€Group€v.óóŠ 2‚ ŠņņEngelóó,€853€So.€2d€434€(2003),€Mr.€McCoyššs€client€was€theŠ ä4 Šdefendant.€€A€class€of€smokers€was€awarded€$145€billion€inŠ –ę Špunitive€damages.€€Pre„existing€Florida€law€required€a€defendantŠ D” Što€post€a€bond€equal€to€125%€of€the€verdict,€which€would€haveŠ ņB Šresulted€in€a€bond€of€$182€billion€in€the€ņņEngelóó€case.€€While€theŠ  š  Šcase€was€pending,€the€Florida€legislature€enacted€an€appeal€bondŠ R!¢" Šcap€of€$100€million,€allowing€the€defendant€to€post€a€bond.€€TheŠ #P$ Šcase€was€reversed€on€appeal.€€In€ņņPrice€v.€Philip€Morrisóó,€793€N.E.Š ®$ž& Š2d€942€(2003),€there€was€a€$10€billion€judgment€against€a€client,Š `&°!( Šand€the€court€required€a€supersedeas€bond€of€$12€billion.€€It€wasŠ (^#* Šestimated€that€the€total€bond€capacity€in€the€world€at€that€timeŠ ¼) %, Šwas€$5€billion.€€The€court€ultimately€reduced€the€bondŠ j+ŗ&. Šrequirements,€and€an€appeal€is€pending.€€€Š -h(0 Šą  ąMr.€McCoy€said€that€there€have€been€other€events€outside€ofŠ ° Šthe€judicial€environment.€€Several€tobacco€companies€and€statesŠ ^® Šeffected€a€master€settlement€agreement€in€which€the€tobaccoŠ  \ Šcompanies€pay€money€to€the€states€annually.€€It€is€a€privateŠ ŗ  Šsettlement€agreement€that€is€a€result€of€suits€brought€by€variousŠ h ø Šattorneys€general€of€the€states€involved.€€The€net€receipts€toŠ  f  ŠMaryland€are€$120€million€a€year,€after€$30€million€in€counselŠ Ä  Šfees€are€subtracted.€€Some€of€the€money€goes€into€smokingŠ rĀ  Šprevention€and€general€health€programs.€€The€inability€of€Mr.Š  p  ŠMcCoyššs€client€to€post€bond€in€the€ņņPriceóó€case€resulted€in€someŠ Ī Šattorneys€general€filing€ņņamicus€curiaeóó€briefs€requesting€that€theŠ €Š Šcourt€to€adopt€a€bond€level€other€than€$12€billion.€€It€wasŠ 2‚ Šobvious€that€the€company€could€not€make€payments€under€the€masterŠ ą0 Šsettlement€agreement€and€post€bond.€€If€the€tobacco€companiesŠ ŽŽ Šfiled€for€bankruptcy,€this€would€cut€off€the€payments€to€MarylandŠ <Œ Šand€other€states.€€The€attorneys€general€solicited€the€court€toŠ ź: Šexercise€its€prerogative€under€the€Illinois€rule,€which€is€theŠ ˜č  Šsame€as€the€Maryland€rule,€to€change€the€amount€of€theŠ F!–" Šsupersedeas€bond.€€Setting€bond€is€discretionary.€€When€orŠ ō"D$ Šwhether€the€discretion€is€exercised€has€a€huge€impact€on€publiclyŠ ¢$ņ& Štraded€stocks,€whose€owners€include€widows,€orphans,€trust€funds,Š P& !( Šand€endowments.€€Mr.€McCoyššs€client€lost€two„thirds€of€itsŠ ž'N#* Šcapitalization€value€in€two€months.€€The€loss€flowed€to€theŠ ¬)ü$, Šowners€and€affected€pension€funds€for€Maryland.€€The€court€doesŠ Z+Ŗ&. Šhave€discretion,€but€there€is€no€indication€as€to€when€a€courtŠ -X(0 Šwill€exercise€its€discretion€to€bring€relief.€€Thirty€states€haveŠ ° Šinstituted€a€finite€bond€cap.€€Two€effected€this€by€rule,€theŠ ^® Šothers€legislatively.€€In€five€states,€the€filing€of€an€appealŠ  \ Šautomatically€stays€a€judgment€without€a€supersedeas€bond.Š ŗ  Šą  ąThe€Chair€asked€about€the€two€states€that€instituted€aŠ h ø Šsupersedeas€bond€cap€by€rule.€€Was€this€was€done€only€forŠ  f  Špunitive€damages?€€Mr.€McCoy€replied€that€one€of€the€statesŠ Ä  Šinstituted€the€cap€only€for€punitive€damages.€€He€said€that€heŠ rĀ  Šhad€given€the€Reporter€to€the€Rules€Committee€a€synopsis€of€theŠ  p  Šstates€instituting€a€cap.€€The€30€states€with€the€bond€cap€varyŠ Ī Šas€to€the€amount.€€The€$25€million€cap€that€is€being€requested€isŠ |Ģ Šat€the€low€end.€€In€some€of€the€states,€the€court€sets€the€bondŠ *z Šcap€by€rule.€€Mr.€McCoyššs€client€encourages€the€Court€of€AppealsŠ Ų( Što€make€the€requested€change.€€Š †Ö Šą  ąJudge€McAuliffe€noted€that€at€the€Subcommittee€meeting€atŠ 4„ Šwhich€this€issue€had€been€discussed,€the€consultants€hadŠ ā2 Šindicated€that€most€states€impose€the€cap€legislatively.€€A€billŠ ą  Šhad€been€before€the€Maryland€General€Assembly,€but€the€House€ofŠ >!Ž" ŠDelegates€did€not€pass€it.€€Mr.€Brault€commented€thatŠ ģ"<$ Šnotwithstanding€the€ņņOššDonnellóó€case,€most€judges€require€the€bondŠ š$ź& Šin€the€amount€of€the€judgment€plus€a€yearššs€interest,€and€this€isŠ L&œ!( Šan€outrage.€€Š ś'J#* Šą  ąThe€Chair€noted€that€some€judges€are€exercising€discretion.€Š Ø)ų$, ŠMr.€Michael€added€that€it€is€not€uncommon€in€Maryland€for€judgesŠ V+¦&. Što€limit€the€amount€of€the€bond€in€medical€malpractice€cases€toŠ -T(0 Šthe€amount€of€insurance€coverage.€€He€questioned€as€to€whyŠ ° ŠņņOššDonnellóó€is€not€adequate€to€protect€companies.€€Mr.€McCoyŠ ^® Šanswered€that€sometimes€the€tobacco€companies€are€unpopular€andŠ ` Šare€not€favored€litigants.€€The€unpopular€litigant€neverthelessŠ ¾  Šis€entitled€to€constitutional€guarantees.€€He€and€his€clientŠ l ¼ Šbelieve€that€the€courts,€for€various€reasons,€are€reluctant€toŠ  j  Šmake€changes.€€This€injects€uncertainty€into€the€financialŠ Č  Šmarket,€causing€problems€for€pension€funds€and€others.€€Mr.Š vĘ  ŠMichael€pointed€out€that€ņņOššDonnellóó€allows€a€party€to€put€onŠ $t  Štestimony€on€the€issue€of€the€effect€of€the€amount€of€theŠ Ö& Šsupersedeas€bond€on€a€company€and€its€shareholders.€Š „Ō Šą  ąJudge€Missouri€expressed€the€view€that€the€proposed€ruleŠ 2‚ Šchange€would€diminish€judicial€discretion,€and€he€stated€that€heŠ ą0 Šis€not€in€favor€of€it.€€If€a€cap€is€instituted,€it€should€be€byŠ ŽŽ Šthe€legislature.€€Mr.€McCoy€remarked€that€the€matter€went€beforeŠ <Œ Šthe€legislature,€which€sent€it€to€the€Court€of€Appeals.€€HeŠ ź: Šprefers€that€it€go€before€the€Court€of€Appeals€rather€than€backŠ ˜č  Što€the€legislature,€so€that€there€can€be€closure.€Š F!–" Šą  ąThe€Chair€said€that€the€Committee€could€vote€on€Mr.€McCoyššsŠ ō"D$ Šproposal€or€could€defer€the€matter€to€see€if€the€legislatureŠ ¢$ņ& Štakes€action.€€There€is€an€historical€reluctance€on€the€part€ofŠ P& !( Šthe€Committee€to€get€involved€in€matters€that€have€been€submittedŠ ž'N#* Što€the€legislature.€€Judge€Dryden€suggested€that€in€lieu€ofŠ ¬)ü$, Šputting€in€a€monetary€limit,€the€Rule€could€be€amended€toŠ Z+Ŗ&. Šemphasize€that€the€court€has€discretion€to€change€the€amount€ofŠ -X(0 Šthe€bond.€€The€meaning€of€the€word€š šordinarilyšš€in€Rule€8„423Š ° Š(b)(2)€could€be€expanded.€€Š ^® Šą  ąMr.€McCoy€told€the€Committee€that€his€client€favors€a€limitŠ  \ Šsuch€as€the€one€imposed€by€30€other€states.€€Mr.€Sykes€expressedŠ ŗ  Šthe€opinion€that€he€was€reluctant€to€get€into€assigning€dollarŠ h ø Šlimits.€€The€legislature€is€more€equipped€to€handle€this€type€ofŠ  f  Šissue,€because€it€is€a€broader„based€representative€body.€Š Ä  ŠHowever,€for€the€Rules€Committee€to€vote€down€the€request€couldŠ rĀ  Šsend€the€wrong€message.€€The€most€competent€body€to€handle€thisŠ  p  Šmatter€is€the€legislature.€€Š Ī Šą  ąMr.€Brault€commented€that€it€would€be€helpful€to€expand€theŠ |Ģ Šdiscretionary€aspect€of€the€Rule€with€the€immediate€right€ofŠ *z Šappeal€and€a€stay€pending€the€resolution€as€to€the€amount€of€theŠ Ų( Šbond.€€Mr.€Klein€remarked€that€he€was€troubled€at€the€idea€ofŠ †Ö Šputting€a€specific€dollar€amount€for€the€bond€in€a€Rule.€€HeŠ 4„ Šagreed€with€Mr.€Brault€that€the€Rule€should€be€expanded€toŠ ā2 Šemphasize€the€courtššs€discretion€in€setting€the€bond€by€adding€aŠ ą  Šlitany€of€factors€that€the€trial€judge€should€go€through€inŠ >!Ž" Šsetting€the€bond€if€the€judge€is€approached€to€change€the€amountŠ ģ"<$ Šof€the€bond€to€an€amount€different€than€the€amount€of€theŠ š$ź& Šjudgment.€€Ms.€Potter€pointed€out€that€Rule€8„422,€Stay€ofŠ H&˜!( ŠEnforcement€of€Judgment,€provides€in€section€(c)€that€the€CourtŠ ö'F#* Šof€Special€Appeals€may€š šincrease,€decrease,€or€fix€the€amount€ofŠ ¤)ō$, Šthe€supersedeas...bond...šš.€€It€is€clear€that€the€court€hasŠ R+¢&. Šdiscretion.€€Š -P(0 Šą  ąThe€Chair€suggested€that€the€Appellate€Subcommittee€couldŠ ®.ž)2 Šredraft€the€Rule€to€highlight€the€judgeššs€discretion€and€considerŠ ° Šwhether€specific€language€could€be€added€with€respect€to€aŠ ^® Šhearing€that€would€include€evidence€of€hardship€factors€for€theŠ  \ Šjudge€to€consider.€€A€specific€amount€for€the€bond€would€not€beŠ ŗ  Šput€into€the€Rule.€€Mr.€McCoy€could€assist€the€Subcommittee.€Š h ø ŠEven€if€his€request€passes€the€legislature,€it€would€not€hurt€forŠ  f  Šthe€Rule€to€clarify€that€the€court€has€discretion€in€setting€theŠ Ä  Šbond.€€Appellate€review€would€be€more€accurate€if€the€appellateŠ rĀ  Šcourt€could€see€how€the€trial€judge€analyzed€the€case€to€set€theŠ  p  Šbond.€€Mr.€McCoy€said€that€he€will€again€try€to€obtain€a€cap€fromŠ Ī Šthe€legislature.€€He€will€apprise€the€legislature€of€the€RulesŠ |Ģ ŠCommitteeššs€opinion€that€a€finite€cap€on€the€amount€of€the€bondŠ *z Šshould€not€be€put€into€Rule€8„423.€€He€thanked€the€CommitteeŠ Ų( Šmembers€for€their€consideration.Š †Ö ŠÓÓĢAgenda€Item€1.€€Consideration€and€reconsideration€of€proposedŠ  [ Š€€amendments€to€certain€Rules€in€Title€5:€Rule€5„804€(HearsayŠ ā2 Š€€Exceptions;€Declarant€Unavailable)€and€Rule€5„902€(Self„Š ¹  Š€€Authentication).€(Continued)Š ą  Š________________________________________________________________Š g ·! ŠĢÓÓą  ąThe€Chair€presented€Rule€5„902,€Self„Authentication,€for€theŠ "e# ŠCommitteeššs€consideration.Š Ć#% ŠÓÓĢŅ` °ŅŅ` °Ņą@˜ ˜ ģąMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆŠ H&˜!( ŠĢą@““!ģąTITLE€5€„€EVIDENCEˆŠ ö'F#* ŠĢą@l l ģąCHAPTER€900€„€AUTHENTICATION€ANDˆŠ ¤)ō$, Šą@¤¤#ģąIDENTIFICATIONˆŠ {*Ė%- ŠĢĢą ø ąAMEND€Rule€5„902€to€add€language€toŠ -P(0 Šsubsection€(a)(11)€providing€that€theŠ ×-')1 Šproponent€must€give€notice€to€the€adverseŠ ®.ž)2 Їparty€of€the€proponentššs€intention€toŠ ° Šauthenticate€business€records€and€that€theŠ ‡× Šadverse€party€must€file€an€objection€to€theŠ ^® ŠŠ  5… Šauthentication€no€later€than€five€days€afterŠ ° Šservice€of€the€notice€and€to€add€aŠ ‡× Šcertification€form,€as€follows:Š ^® ŠĢĢRule€5-902.€€SELF„AUTHENTICATIONŠ ć3 ŠĢĢ€€(a)€€GenerallyŠ h ø ŠĢą ø ą€€Except€as€otherwise€provided€byŠ  f  Šstatute,€extrinsic€evidence€of€authenticityŠ ķ =  Šas€a€condition€precedent€to€admissibility€isŠ Ä  Šnot€required€with€respect€to€the€following:€€Š ›ė  ŠĢ€€€€(1)€Domestic€Public€Documents€Under€SealŠ I™  ŠĢą ø ą€€€A€document€bearing€a€seal€purportingŠ ÷G Što€be€that€of€the€United€States,€or€of€anyŠ Ī Šstate,€district,€commonwealth,€territory,€orŠ „õ Šinsular€possession€thereof,€or€the€PanamaŠ |Ģ ŠCanal€Zone,€or€the€trust€territory€of€theŠ S£ ŠPacific€Islands,€or€of€a€politicalŠ *z Šsubdivision,€department,€officer,€or€agencyŠ Q Šthereof,€and€a€signature€purporting€to€be€anŠ Ų( Šattestation€or€execution.€€Š Æ’ ŠĢ€€€€(2)€Domestic€Public€Documents€Not€UnderŠ ]­ ŠSealŠ 4„ ŠĢą ø ą€€€A€document€purporting€to€bear€theŠ ā2 Šsignature€in€the€official€capacity€of€anŠ ¹  Šofficer€or€employee€of€any€entity€included€inŠ ą  Šsubsection€(a)(1)€of€this€Rule,€having€noŠ g ·! Šseal,€if€a€public€officer€having€a€seal€andŠ >!Ž" Šhaving€official€duties€in€the€district€orŠ "e# Špolitical€subdivision€of€the€officer€orŠ ģ"<$ Šemployee€certifies€under€seal€that€the€signerŠ Ć#% Šhas€the€official€capacity€and€that€theŠ š$ź& Šsignature€is€genuine.€€Š q%Į ' ŠĢ€€€€(3)€Foreign€Public€DocumentsŠ 'o") ŠĢą ø ą€€€A€document€purporting€to€be€executedŠ Ķ($+ Šor€attested€in€an€official€capacity€by€aŠ ¤)ō$, Šperson€authorized€by€the€laws€of€a€foreignŠ {*Ė%- Šcountry€to€make€the€execution€or€attestationŠ R+¢&. Šand€accompanied€by€a€final€certification.€€IfŠ ),y'/ Šreasonable€opportunity€has€been€given€to€allŠ -P(0 Šparties€to€investigate€the€authenticity€andŠ ×-')1 Šaccuracy€of€official€documents,€the€courtŠ ®.ž)2 Šmay,€for€good€cause€shown,€order€that€they€beŠ ° Štreated€as€presumptively€authentic€withoutŠ ‡× Šfinal€certification€or€permit€them€to€beŠ ^® Ševidenced€by€an€attested€summary€with€orŠ 5… Šwithout€final€certification.€€Š  \ ŠĢ€€€€(4)€Certified€Copies€of€Public€RecordsŠ ŗ  ŠĢą ø ą€€€A€copy€of€an€official€record€orŠ h ø Šreport€or€entry€therein,€or€of€a€documentŠ ?   Šauthorized€by€law€to€be€recorded€or€filed€andŠ  f  Šactually€recorded€or€filed€in€a€publicŠ ķ =  Šoffice,€including€data€compilations,Š Ä  Šcertified€as€correct€by€the€custodian€orŠ ›ė  Šother€person€authorized€to€make€theŠ rĀ  Šcertification,€by€certificate€complying€withŠ I™  Šthis€Rule€or€complying€with€any€applicableŠ  p  Šstatute€or€these€rules.€€Š ÷G ŠĢ€€€€(5)€Official€PublicationsŠ „õ ŠĢą ø ą€€€Books,€pamphlets,€or€otherŠ S£ Špublications€purporting€to€be€issued€orŠ *z Šauthorized€by€a€public€agency.€€Š Q ŠĢ€€€€(6)€Newspapers€and€PeriodicalsŠ Æ’ ŠĢą ø ą€€€Printed€materials€purporting€to€beŠ ]­ Šnewspapers€or€periodicals.€€Š 4„ ŠĢ€€€€(7)€Trade€Inscriptions€and€the€LikeŠ ā2 ŠĢą ø ą€€€Inscriptions,€signs,€tags,€or€labelsŠ ą  Špurporting€to€have€been€affixed€in€the€courseŠ g ·! Šof€business€and€indicating€ownership,Š >!Ž" Šcontrol,€or€origin.€€Š "e# ŠĢ€€€€(8)€Acknowledged€DocumentsŠ Ć#% ŠĢą ø ą€€€Documents€accompanied€by€aŠ q%Į ' Šcertificate€of€acknowledgment€executed€in€theŠ H&˜!( Šmanner€provided€by€law€by€a€notary€public€orŠ 'o") Šother€officer€authorized€by€law€to€takeŠ ö'F#* Šacknowledgments.€€Š Ķ($+ ŠĢ€€€€(9)€Commercial€Paper€and€RelatedŠ {*Ė%- ŠDocumentsŠ R+¢&. ŠĢ€ą0 ø ą€€€To€the€extent€provided€by€applicableŠ -P(0 Šcommercial€law,€commercial€paper,€Š ×-')1ø xø x Šą0 ø ąsignatures€thereon,€and€relatedŠ ° Šdocuments.Ї׸ xø x ŠĢCross€reference:€€See,€e.g.,€Code,€CommercialŠ 5… ŠLaw€Article,€šššš1-202,€3-307,€and€3-510.Š  \ ŠĢ€€€€(10)€Presumptions€under€Statutes€orŠ ŗ  ŠTreatiesŠ ‘ į ŠĢą ø ą€€€€Any€signature,€document,€or€otherŠ ?   Šmatter€declared€by€applicable€statute€orŠ  f  Štreaty€to€be€presumptively€genuine€orŠ ķ =  Šauthentic.€€Š Ä  ŠĢ€€€€(11)€Certified€Records€of€RegularlyŠ rĀ  ŠConducted€Business€ActivityŠ I™  ŠĢą ø ą€€€€The€original€or€a€duplicate€of€aŠ ÷G Šrecord€of€regularly€conducted€businessŠ Ī Šactivity,€within€the€scope€of€Rule€5-803€(b)Š „õ Š(6)ņ ņ,€which€the€custodian€or€another€qualifiedŠ |Ģ Šindividual€certifies€(A)€was€made,€at€or€nearŠ S£ Šthe€time€of€the€occurrence€of€the€matters€setŠ *z Šforth,€by€(or€from€information€transmittedŠ Q Šby)€a€person€with€knowledge€of€those€matters,Š Ų( Š(B)€is€made€and€kept€in€the€course€of€theŠ Æ’ Šregularly€conducted€business€activity,€andŠ †Ö Š(C)€was€made€and€kept€by€the€regularlyŠ ]­ Šconducted€business€activity€as€a€regularŠ 4„ Špractice,€unlessó ó€ņņthat€has€been€certifiedŠ  [ Špursuant€to€this€subsection,€if€at€least€tenŠ ā2 Šdays€prior€to€the€commencement€of€theŠ ¹  Šproceeding€in€which€the€record€will€beŠ ą  Šoffered€into€evidence,€the€proponent€(A)Š g ·! Šnotifies€the€adverse€party€of€the€proponentššsŠ >!Ž" Šintention€to€authenticate€the€record€underŠ "e# Šthis€subsection€and€(B)€makes€a€copy€of€theŠ ģ"<$ Šcertificate€and€record€available€to€theŠ Ć#% Šadverse€party.€€If€the€adverse€party€objectsŠ š$ź& Što€the€admission€of€the€record€on€the€groundŠ q%Į ' Šthatóó€the€sources€of€information€or€the€methodŠ H&˜!( Šor€circumstances€of€preparation€indicate€lackŠ 'o") Šof€trustworthinessņ ņ;€but€a€record€so€certifiedŠ ö'F#* Šis€not€self-authenticating€under€thisŠ Ķ($+ Šsubsection€unless€the€proponent€makes€anŠ ¤)ō$, Šintention€to€offer€it€known€to€the€adverseŠ {*Ė%- Šparty€and€makes€it€available€for€inspectionŠ R+¢&. Šsufficiently€in€advance€of€its€offer€inŠ ),y'/ Ševidence€to€provide€the€adverse€party€with€aŠ -P(0 Šfair€opportunity€to€challenge€itŌ‡X¼ŪXX XįŌ.ó óŌ#† XįXXX¼Ūī#Ō€ņņ,€the€partyŠ ×-')1 Šmust€file€a€written€objection€on€that€groundŠ Æ.’)2 Šno€later€than€five€days€after€service€of€theŠ ° Šproponentššs€notice.€€The€original€orŠ ‡× Šduplicate€of€the€business€record€must€beŠ ^® Šcertified€in€substantially€the€followingŠ 5… Šform:óóŠ  \ ŠĢĢą@P P ģąņņCertification€of€Custodian€of€Records€or€ą@@Ō Ō ģąˆŠ ‘ į ŠOther€Qualified€IndividualóóŠ h ø ŠĢĢą ø ąņņI,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€,€doŠ ķ =  Šhereby€certify€that:óóŠ Ä  ŠĢą ø ąņņ(1)€I€am€the€Custodian€of€Records€of€orŠ rĀ  Šam€otherwise€qualified€to€administer€theŠ I™  Šrecords€for€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Š  p  Š€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€(identify€the€organizationŠ ÷G Šthat€maintains€the€records),€andóóŠ Ī ŠĢ€ą ø ąņņ(2)€The€attached€recordsóóŠ |Ģ ŠĢą ø ąą  ąņņ(a)€are€true€and€correct€copiesŠ *z Šthat€were€made€at€or€near€the€time€of€theŠ Q Šoccurrence€of€the€matters€set€forth,€by€orŠ Ų( Šfrom€the€information€transmitted€by,€a€personŠ Æ’ Šwith€knowledge€of€these€matters;€andóóŠ †Ö ŠĢą ø ąą  ąņņ(b)€were€kept€in€the€course€of€theŠ 4„ Šregulated€conducted€activity;€andóóŠ  [ ŠĢą ø ąą  ąņņ(c)€were€made€and€kept€by€theŠ ¹  Šregularly€conducted€business€activity€as€aŠ ą  Šregular€practice.óóŠ g ·! ŠĢą ø ąņņI€declare€under€penalty€of€perjury€thatŠ "e# Šthe€foregoing€is€true€and€correct.óóŠ ģ"<$ ŠĢĢ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€___________________________Š q%Į ' Š€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ņņSignature€and€TitleóóŠ H&˜!( ŠĢ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€___________________________Š ö'F#* Š€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ņņDateóóŠ Ķ($+ ŠĢņņĢCommittee€note:€€Any€objection€made€pursuantŠ R+¢&. Što€this€subsection€does€not€constitute€aŠ ),y'/ Šwaiver€of€any€other€ground€raised€at€trial.óóŠ -P(0 ŠĢ€€€€(12)€Items€as€to€Which€RequiredŠ ®.ž)2 ŠObjections€Not€MadeŠ ° ŠĢą ø ą€€€€Unless€justice€otherwise€requires,Š ^® Šany€item€as€to€which,€by€statute,€rule,€orŠ 5… Šcourt€order,€a€written€objection€as€toŠ  \ Šauthenticity€is€required€to€be€made€beforeŠ ć3 Štrial,€and€an€objection€was€not€made€inŠ ŗ  Šconformance€with€the€statute,€rule,€or€order.€Š ‘ į ŠĢCommittee€note:€€As€used€in€this€RuleŠ ?   Š"document"€is€a€generic€term.€€It€includesŠ  f  Špublic€records€encompassed€by€Code,€CourtsŠ ķ =  ŠArticle,€šš10-204.Š Ä  ŠĢ€€(b)€€DefinitionŠ rĀ  ŠĢą ø ą€€As€used€in€this€Rule,€"certifies",Š  p  Š"certificate",€or€"certification"€means,€withŠ ÷G Šrespect€to€a€domestic€record€or€publicŠ Ī Šdocument,€a€written€declaration€under€oathŠ „õ Šsubject€to€the€penalty€of€perjury€and,€withŠ |Ģ Šrespect€to€a€foreign€record€or€publicŠ S£ Šdocument,€a€written€declaration€signed€in€aŠ *z Šforeign€country€which,€if€falsely€made,€wouldŠ Q Šsubject€the€maker€to€criminal€penalty€underŠ Ų( Šthe€laws€of€that€country.€€The€certificateŠ Æ’ Šrelating€to€a€foreign€record€or€publicŠ †Ö Šdocument€must€be€accompanied€by€a€finalŠ ]­ Šcertification€as€to€the€genuineness€of€theŠ 4„ Šsignature€and€official€position€(1)€of€theŠ  [ Šindividual€executing€the€certificate€or€(2)Š ā2 Šof€any€foreign€official€who€certifies€theŠ ¹  Šgenuineness€of€signature€and€officialŠ ą  Šposition€of€the€executing€individual€or€isŠ g ·! Šthe€last€in€a€chain€of€certificates€thatŠ >!Ž" Šcollectively€certify€the€genuineness€ofŠ "e# Šsignature€and€official€position€of€theŠ ģ"<$ Šexecuting€individual.€€A€final€certificateŠ Ć#% Šmay€be€made€by€a€secretary€of€an€embassy€orŠ š$ź& Šlegation,€consul€general,€consul,€viceŠ q%Į ' Šconsul,€or€consular€agent€of€the€UnitedŠ H&˜!( ŠStates,€or€a€diplomatic€or€consular€officialŠ 'o") Šof€the€foreign€country€who€is€assigned€orŠ ö'F#* Šaccredited€to€the€United€States.€€Š Ķ($+ ŠĢSource:€€This€Rule€is€in€part€derived€fromŠ {*Ė%- ŠF.R.Ev.€902€and€in€part€new.Š R+¢&. ŠĢĢҰ` ŅҰ` Ņą  ąRule€5„902€was€accompanied€by€the€following€Reporterššs€Note.Š ×-')1 ŠŠ ®.ž)2 ŠŅ` °ŅŅ` °Ņą ø ąThe€Evidence€Subcommittee€recommends€theŠ ° Šaddition€of€language€to€subsection€(a)(11)Š ‡× Šthat€would€require€the€proponent€of€businessŠ ^® Šrecord€evidence€to€notify€the€adverse€partyŠ 5… Šof€the€proponentššs€intention€to€authenticateŠ  \ Šthe€records€under€that€subsection€and€to€makeŠ ć3 Ša€copy€of€the€certificate€and€the€recordŠ ŗ  Šavailable€to€the€adverse€party.€€It€wouldŠ ‘ į Šalso€require€the€adverse€party€to€file€aŠ h ø Šwritten€objection€to€the€authenticity€of€theŠ ?   Šrecord€no€later€than€five€days€after€serviceŠ  f  Šof€the€proponentššs€notice.Š ķ =  ŠĢĢҰ` ŅҰ` ŅÓÓą  ąThe€Chair€explained€that€a€prosecutor€in€Howard€County€hadŠ rĀ  Šattempted€to€get€an€exhibit€admitted€under€the€self„authenti„Š  p  Šcation€Ō_ŌruleŌ_Ō€but€was€prevented€from€doing€so.€€Nothing€in€the€RuleŠ Ī Šrequires€the€adverse€party€to€file€a€timely€written€objection.€Š |Ģ ŠThe€suggested€new€language€is€based€on€the€principles€of€Code,Š *z ŠCourts€Article,€šš10„1003,€Presence€of€Chemist€or€Analyst€atŠ Ų( ŠCriminal€Proceeding;€Availability€of€Chemical€Report€to€DefenseŠ †Ö ŠCounsel,€and€Code,€Courts€Article,€šš10„1004,€StatementŠ 4„ ŠEstablishing€Chain€of€Custody.€€It€provides€that€the€proponent€ofŠ ā2 Šthe€business€record€must€notify€the€adverse€party€at€least€tenŠ ą  Šdays€prior€to€the€commencement€of€the€proceeding€in€which€theŠ >!Ž" Šrecord€will€be€offered€into€evidence€of€the€proponentššs€intentionŠ ģ"<$ Što€authenticate€the€record€by€self„authentication.€€If€theŠ š$ź& Šadverse€party€objects€on€the€ground€that€the€sources€ofŠ H&˜!( Šinformation€or€the€method€or€circumstances€of€preparationŠ ö'F#* Šindicate€a€lack€of€trustworthiness,€the€objection€must€be€filedŠ ¤)ō$, Šno€later€than€five€days€after€service€of€the€proponentššs€notice.€Š R+¢&. ŠThe€Subcommittee€decided€to€include€a€certification€form,€so€thatŠ -P(0 Špractitioners€have€some€idea€of€what€to€file.€€There€have€beenŠ ®.ž)2 Šproblems€concerning€the€adequacy€of€the€documents€supplying€theŠ ° Šnotification.€€The€proposed€amendment€to€the€Rule€is€intended€toŠ ^® Šprevent€objection€by€ambush.€€Š  \ Šą  ąMr.€Dean€expressed€his€support€of€the€anti„š šsandbagššŠ ŗ  Šlanguage€and€the€addition€of€the€form€in€the€Rule.€€Mr.€MichaelŠ h ø Šalso€stated€that€he€was€in€favor€of€the€form,€but€he€suggestedŠ  f  Šthat€the€language€š šare€true€and€correct€copiesšš€should€be€addedŠ Ä  Što€part€(2)(a)€of€the€form.€€The€Committee€agreed€by€consensus€toŠ rĀ  Šthis€change.€€Š  p  Šą  ąMr.€Johnson€questioned€the€ten„day€time€period.€€The€ChairŠ Ī Šreplied€that€nothing€is€magic€about€this€time€period.€€In€šš10„Š |Ģ Š1004€of€the€Courts€Article,€the€State€has€twenty„five€days€beforeŠ *z Štrial€to€give€notice€that€it€intends€to€offer€the€statementŠ Ų( Šestablishing€the€chain€of€custody.€€Mr.€Maloney€commented€thatŠ †Ö Šthis€works€well€in€criminal€trials.€€The€Chair€stated€that€if€theŠ 4„ ŠRules€Committee€prefers€another€time€period,€that€would€beŠ ā2 Šacceptable.Š ą  Šą  ąMr.€Brault€noted€that€this€procedure€applies€to€authenti„Š >!Ž" Šcation€only€and€not€to€an€objection€on€the€merits.€€The€ChairŠ ģ"<$ Šsuggested€that€a€Committee€note€should€be€added€which€would€stateŠ š$ź& Šthat€an€objection€to€self„authentication€made€in€advance€of€theŠ H&˜!( Štrial€does€not€constitute€a€waiver€of€any€other€ground€that€mayŠ ö'F#* Šbe€asserted€as€to€admissibility€at€the€trial.€€By€consensus,€theŠ ¤)ō$, ŠCommittee€agreed€to€this€addition.€€Š R+¢&. Šą  ąThe€Committee€approved€the€Rule€as€amended.Š -P(0 ŠÓÓŠ ®.ž)2 ŠAgenda€Item€4.€€Reconsideration€of€certain€proposed€amendments€toŠ ° Š€€Rule€4„262€(Discovery€in€District€Court)Š ‡× Š_________________________________________________________________Š ^® ŠĢĢÓÓą  ąMr.€Dean€presented€Rule€4„262,€Discovery€in€District€Court,€Š ć3 Šfor€the€Committeeššs€consideration.€€€Š ‘ į ŠŅ` °ŅŅ` °ŅÓÓĢą@˜ ˜ ģąMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆŠ  f  ŠĢą@ģąTITLE€4€„€CRIMINAL€CAUSESˆŠ Ä  ŠĢą@0 0 ģąCHAPTER€200€„€PRETRIAL€PROCEDURESˆŠ rĀ  ŠĢĢą ø ąAMEND€Rule€4„262€to€add€language€toŠ ÷G Šsection€(a)€referring€to€a€certain€statuteŠ Ī Šand€to€Rule€4„263€(b)(1),€as€follows:Š „õ ŠĢĢRule€4„262.€€DISCOVERY€IN€DISTRICT€COURTŠ *z ŠĢĢ€€(a)€€ScopeŠ Æ’ ŠĢą ø ą€€Discovery€and€inspection€pursuant€toŠ ]­ Šthis€Rule€is€available€in€the€District€CourtŠ 4„ Šin€actions€for€offenses€that€are€punishableŠ  [ Šby€imprisonment,€andņņ,€except€as€providedŠ ā2 Šunder€Code,€Criminal€Procedure€Article,€šš11„Š ¹  Š205,óó€shall€be€as€follows:€€Š ą  ŠĢ€€€€(1)€The€State's€Attorney€shall€furnish€toŠ >!Ž" Šthe€defendant€any€material€or€informationŠ "e# Šņ ņthat€tends€to€negate€or€mitigate€the€guilt€orŠ ģ"<$ Špunishment€of€the€defendant€as€to€the€offenseŠ Ć#% Šchargedó ó€ņņprovided€for€in€Rule€4„263€(b)(1),Š š$ź& Šexcept€that€the€State€is€not€required€to€fileŠ q%Į ' Ša€written€statement€that€reasonablyŠ H&˜!( Šidentifies€the€materials€furnishedóó.Š 'o") ŠĢ€€€€(2)€Upon€request€of€the€defendant€theŠ Ķ($+ ŠState's€Attorney€shall€permit€the€defendantŠ ¤)ō$, Što€inspect€and€copy€(A)€any€portion€of€aŠ {*Ė%- Šdocument€containing€a€statement€or€containingŠ R+¢&. Šthe€substance€of€a€statement€made€by€theŠ ),y'/ Šdefendant€to€a€State€agent€that€the€StateŠ -P(0 Šintends€to€use€at€trial€or€at€any€hearingŠ ×-')1 Šother€than€a€preliminary€hearing€and€(B)€eachŠ ®.ž)2 Šwritten€report€or€statement€made€by€an€expertŠ ° Šwhom€the€State€expects€to€call€as€a€witnessŠ ‡× Šat€a€hearing,€other€than€a€preliminaryŠ ^® Šhearing,€or€trial.€€Š 5… ŠĢ€€€€(3)€Upon€request€of€the€State€theŠ ć3 Šdefendant€shall€permit€any€discovery€orŠ ŗ  Šinspection€specified€in€subsection€(d)(1)€ofŠ ‘ į ŠRule€4-263.€€Š h ø ŠĢCommittee€note:€€This€Rule€is€not€intended€toŠ  f  Šlimit€the€constitutional€requirement€ofŠ ķ =  Šdisclosure€by€the€State.€€See€ņņBrady€v.€State,óóŠ Ä  Š226€Md.€422,€174€A.2d€167€(1961),€aff'd,€373Š ķ  ŠU.S.€83,€83€S.€Ct.€1194,€10€L.€Ed.€2d€215Š tÄ  Š(1963).€€Š K›  ŠĢ€€(b)€€ProcedureŠ łI ŠĢą ø ą€€The€discovery€and€inspection€requiredŠ §÷ Šor€permitted€by€this€Rule€shall€be€completedŠ ~Ī Šbefore€the€hearing€or€trial.€€A€request€forŠ U„ Šdiscovery€and€inspection€and€response€needŠ ,| Šnot€be€in€writing€and€need€not€be€filed€withŠ S Šthe€court.€€If€a€request€was€made€before€theŠ Ś* Šdate€of€the€hearing€or€trial€and€the€requestŠ ± Šwas€refused€or€denied,€the€court€may€grant€aŠ ˆŲ Šdelay€or€continuance€in€the€hearing€or€trialŠ _Æ Što€permit€the€inspection€or€discovery.€€Š 6† ŠĢ€€(c)€€Obligations€of€the€State's€AttorneyŠ ä4 ŠĢą ø ą€€The€obligations€of€the€State'sŠ ’ā  ŠAttorney€under€this€Rule€extend€to€materialŠ i ¹! Šand€information€in€the€possession€or€controlŠ @!" Šof€the€State's€Attorney€and€staff€members€andŠ "g# Šany€others€who€have€participated€in€theŠ ī">$ Šinvestigation€or€evaluation€of€the€action€andŠ Å#% Šwho€either€regularly€report,€or€withŠ œ$ģ& Šreference€to€the€particular€action€haveŠ s%Ć ' Šreported,€to€the€office€of€the€State'sŠ J&š!( ŠAttorney.€€Š !'q") ŠĢSource:€€This€Rule€is€new.Š Ļ($+ ŠĢĢҰ` ŅҰ` Ņą  ąRule€4„262€was€accompanied€by€the€following€Reporterššs€Note.Š T+¤&. ŠĢŅ` °ŅŅ` °Ņą ø ąThe€Rules€Committee€recommended€thatŠ -R(0 ŠRule€4„263€(a)(1)€be€amended€to€clarify€forŠ Ł-))1 Šprosecutors€what€their€obligations€are€underŠ °.*2 ŠņņBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373€U.S.€83€(1963),€afterŠ ° Šsome€problems€with€this€issue€had€beenŠ ‰Ł Šreported€by€the€American€College€of€TrialŠ `° ŠLawyers.€€The€Committee€suggested€that€thereŠ 7‡ Šshould€be€a€corresponding€amendment€to€RuleŠ ^ Š4„262€to€refer€to€the€ņņBradyóó€requirements.€Š å5 ŠThe€Criminal€Subcommittee€recommends€a€crossŠ ¾  Šreference€to€Rule€4„263€(b)(1)€with€someŠ • å Šlimiting€language€applicable€to€DistrictŠ l ¼ ŠCourt€practice.Š C “  ŠĢĢҰ` ŅҰ` ŅÓÓą  ąMr.€Dean€explained€that€at€the€November€Rules€CommitteeŠ Č  Šmeeting,€the€Vice€Chair€noted€that€the€provision€in€Rule€4„262Š vĘ  Šdefining€the€discovery€obligations€under€ņņBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373Š $t  ŠU.S.€83€(1963)€is€not€the€same€as€the€parallel€provision€in€theŠ Ö& Šproposed€amendments€to€Rule€4„263,€Discovery€in€Circuit€Court,Š „Ō Šwhich€have€been€approved€by€the€Rules€Committee.€€Rule€4„262€wasŠ 2‚ Šremanded€to€the€Criminal€Subcommittee€to€make€it€as€consistentŠ ą0 Šwith€Rule€4„263€as€is€feasible.€€The€Subcommittee€decided€thatŠ ŽŽ Šthe€easiest€way€to€accomplish€its€task€was€to€add€to€Rule€4„262€aŠ <Œ Šreference€to€the€subsection€of€Rule€4„263€that€relates€to€theŠ ź: Štype€of€materials€to€which€the€defendant€is€entitled.€Š ˜č  ŠAdditionally,€the€proposed€amendment€to€Rule€4„262€makes€it€clearŠ F!–" Šthat€the€State€does€not€have€the€obligation€to€file€a€writtenŠ ō"D$ Šstatement€in€District€Court,€as€it€must€do€in€circuit€court.€Š ¢$ņ& ŠJudge€Norton€said€that€he€had€e„mailed€the€proposed€change€to€theŠ P& !( ŠRule€to€the€District€Court€Administrative€Judges€CommitteeŠ ž'N#* Šmembers€and€to€outgoing€Chief€Judge€Vaughan€and€incoming€ChiefŠ ¬)ü$, ŠJudge€Clyburn.€€No€one€had€expressed€any€major€objections€to€theŠ Z+Ŗ&. Šchange.€€Š -X(0 Šą  ąMs.€Nethercott€pointed€out€that€Rule€4„263€(a)€has€aŠ ° Šrequirement€of€due€diligence€on€the€part€of€the€parties€who€areŠ ^® Šobligated€to€provide€materials,€but€this€does€not€appear€in€RuleŠ  \ Š4„262.€€Mr.€Dean€responded€that€the€realities€of€District€CourtŠ ŗ  Špractice€are€that€the€Stateššs€Attorneys€are€not€involved€in€theŠ h ø Šcharging€and€often€do€not€see€cases€until€the€day€of€the€trial.€€Š  f  ŠAdditional€burdens€should€not€be€imposed€on€the€Assistant€StateššsŠ Ä  ŠAttorneys€who€prosecute€cases€in€the€District€Court.€€Ms.Š rĀ  ŠNethercott€said€that€ņņBradyóó€requirements€are€not€different€inŠ  p  ŠDistrict€Court,€and€this€includes€due€diligence.€€Š Ņ" Šą  ąThe€Chair€noted€a€typographical€error€in€subsection€(a)(2)Š €Š Šof€Rule€4„262:€in€the€last€line€the€reference€to€š šsubsectionŠ .~ Š(d)(1)€of€Rule€4„263"€should€be€š šsubsection(e)(1)€of€Rule€4„263.šš€Š Ü, ŠHe€commented€that€rarely€is€there€a€Stateššs€request€for€discoveryŠ ŠŚ Šin€the€District€Court.€€He€suggested€that€section€(c)€be€shouldŠ 8ˆ Šbe€revised€to€apply€to€the€obligations€of€the€parties€and€thatŠ ę6 Šlanguage€referring€to€the€obligations€of€the€parties€provided€inŠ ”ä  ŠRule€4„263€(a)€should€be€put€into€section€(c).€€The€ReporterŠ B!’" Šsuggested€that€section€(c)€be€moved€to€the€front€of€the€Rule,€itsŠ š"@$ Šlocation€in€the€proposed€amendments€to€Rule€4„263.€€The€CommitteeŠ ž$ī& Šagreed€by€consensus€to€these€changes.Š L&œ!( Šą  ąMr.€Karceski€expressed€the€view€that€there€should€be€aŠ ś'J#* Šcertification€requirement€in€the€Rules,€and€he€said€that€he€willŠ Ø)ų$, Šbring€this€to€the€attention€of€the€Court€of€Appeals€when€theŠ V+¦&. Šproposed€Rules€changes€are€transmitted€to€the€Court.Š -T(0 Šą  ąThe€Committee€approved€the€Rule€as€amended.Š ° ŠÓÓĢAgenda€Item€2.€€Consideration€of€certain€proposed€Rules€changesŠ 5… Š€€pertaining€to€Judicial€Review€of€Decisions€of€the€WorkersššŠ  \ Š€€Compensation€Commission:€Proposed€New€Rule€7„211€(Request€forŠ ć3 Š€€Impleader€of€the€Subsequent€Injury€Fund)€and€ProposedŠ ŗ  Š€€Amendments€to€Rule€8„604€(Disposition)Š ‘ į Š_________________________________________________________________Š h ø ŠĢÓÓą  ąJudge€McAuliffe€presented€Rules€7„211,€Request€for€ImpleaderŠ  f  Šof€the€Subsequent€Injury€Fund,€and€8„604,€Disposition,€for€theŠ Ä  ŠCommitteeššs€consideration.€€€Š rĀ  ŠŅ` °ŅŅ` °ŅÓÓĢŌ‡XįXX XįŌą@˜ ˜ ģąMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆŠ ÷G ŠĢą@` ` ģąTITLE€7€„€APPELLATE€AND€OTHER€JUDICIAL€REVIEW€ˆŠ „õ ŠĢą@,,"ģąIN€CIRCUIT€COURTˆŠ S£ ŠĢą@l l ģąCHAPTER€200€„€JUDICIAL€REVIEW€OFˆŠ Q ŠĢą@Ø Ø ģąADMINISTRATIVE€AGENCY€DECISIONSˆŠ Æ’ ŠĢĢą ø ąADD€new€Rule€7„211,€as€follows:Š 4„ ŠĢĢRule€7„211.€€REQUEST€FOR€IMPLEADER€OF€THEŠ ¹  ŠSUBSEQUENT€INJURY€FUNDŠ ą  ŠĢĢ€€(a)€€GenerallyŠ "e# ŠĢ€ą ø ą€€If€a€party€files€a€request€forŠ Ć#% Šimpleader€of€the€Subsequent€Injury€Fund€moreŠ š$ź& Šthan€60€days€before€trial,€the€court€shallŠ q%Į ' Šgrant€the€request.€If€a€party€files€a€requestŠ H&˜!( Šfor€impleader€within€the€60„day€period€beforeŠ 'o") Štrial,€the€court€shall€determine€whetherŠ ö'F#* Šthere€is€good€cause€to€grant€the€request.Š Ķ($+ ŠĢ€€(b)€€Order€Granting€Request€for€ImpleaderŠ {*Ė%- ŠĢ€€€€€€€If€the€court€grants€a€request€forŠ ),y'/ Šimpleader,€the€court€shall€suspend€furtherŠ -P(0 Šproceedings€and€remand€the€case€to€theŠ ×-')1 ŠWorkersšš€Compensation€Commission€for€furtherŠ ®.ž)2 Šproceedings.Š ° ŠĢ€€(c)€€Information€To€Be€Provided€to€theŠ ^® ŠSubsequent€Injury€FundŠ 5… ŠĢ€ą ø ą€€Within€10€days€after€the€date€of€anŠ ć3 Šorder€granting€a€request€for€impleader,€theŠ ŗ  Šimpleading€party€shall€provide€to€theŠ ‘ į ŠSubsequent€Injury€Fund€and€all€other€parties:Š h ø ŠĢ€€€€(1)€a€copy€of€the€original€claim€and€anyŠ  f  Šamendments;Š ķ =  ŠĢ€€€€(2)€each€issue€previously€filed€in€theŠ ›ė  Šclaim;Š rĀ  ŠĢ€€€€(3)€any€award€or€order€entered€by€theŠ  p  ŠCommission€on€the€claim;Š ÷G ŠĢ€€€€(4)€identification,€by€claim€number€ifŠ „õ Šavailable,€of€prior€awards€or€settlements€toŠ |Ģ Šthe€claimant€for€permanent€disability€made€orŠ S£ Šapproved€by€the€Commission,€by€a€comparableŠ *z Šcommission€of€another€state,€or€by€theŠ Q ŠDistrict€of€Columbia;Š Ų( ŠĢ€€€€(5)€all€relevant€medical€evidence€reliedŠ †Ö Šon€to€implead€the€Subsequent€Injury€Fund;€andŠ ]­ ŠĢ€€€€(6)€a€certification€that€a€copy€of€theŠ  [ Šrequest€for€impleader€and€all€requiredŠ ā2 Šinformation€and€documents€have€been€mailed€toŠ ¹  Šthe€Subsequent€Injury€Fund€and€all€otherŠ ą  Šparties.Š g ·! ŠĢCross€reference:€€COMAR€14.09.01.13.Š "e# ŠĢSource:€€This€Rule€is€new.Š Ć#% ŠĢĢҰ` ŅҰ` Ņą  ąRule€7„211€was€accompanied€by€the€following€Reporterššs€Note.Š H&˜!( ŠĢŅ` °ŅŅ` °Ņą ø ąIn€ņņCarey€v.€Chessie€Computer€Services,Š ö'F#* ŠInc.,óó€369€Md.€741,€the€Court€of€Appeals€notedŠ Ļ($+ Šthat€there€is€no€express€procedure€in€TitleŠ Ø)ų$, Š7,€Chapter€200€or€elsewhere€in€the€Rules€thatŠ *Ļ%- Šprovides€for€impleading€the€Subsequent€InjuryŠ V+¦&. ŠFund€(SIF)€in€a€Workersšš€Compensation€actionŠ -,}'/ Špending€in€a€circuit€court.€€Chapter€276€Š -T(0 Š(HB€122),€Acts€of€2003€modified€Code,€LaborŠ Ū-+)1 Šand€Employment€Article,€šš9„807€by€adding€aŠ ° Šgood€cause€showing€before€proceedings€areŠ ‡× Šsuspended€and€remanded€to€the€WorkersššŠ ^® ŠCompensation€Commission€when€the€SIF€isŠ 5… Šimpleaded€less€than€60€days€before€a€trial€inŠ  \ Šthe€circuit€court€or€hearing€in€the€Court€ofŠ ć3 ŠSpecial€Appeals.€€The€addition€of€Rule€7„211Š ŗ  Šand€subsection€(d)(3)€of€Rule€8„604€willŠ ‘ į Šprovide€a€procedure€for€impleading€the€SIFŠ h ø Šthat€conforms€to€the€statutory€changes€andŠ ?   Šuses€the€language€of€the€corresponding€COMARŠ  f  Šstatute€in€subsection€(a)(2)€of€Rule€7„211Š ķ =  Šand€subsection€(d)(3)(B)€of€Rule€8„604€toŠ Ä  Šdescribe€the€impleading€requirements.Š ›ė  ŠŌ#† XįXXXį€N#ŌĢĢĢĢĢĢĢĢĢŌ‡X¼ŪXX XįŌą@˜ ˜ ģąMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆŠ Q ŠĢą@  ģąTITLE€8€„€APPELLATE€REVIEW€IN€THE€COURT€OFˆŠ ‘į ŠĢą@| | ģąAPPEALS€AND€COURT€OF€SPECIAL€APPEALSˆŠ !q ŠĢą@ģąCHAPTER€600€„€DISPOSITIONˆŠ ± ŠĢĢą ø ąAMEND€Rule€8„604€by€adding€a€newŠ  Y  Šsubsection€(d)(3)€pertaining€to€requests€forŠ Ń!! Šimpleading€the€Subsequent€Injury€Fund€in€anŠ ™ é" Šappeal€from€a€Workersšš€CompensationŠ a!±# ŠCommission,€as€follows:Š )"y$ ŠĢą€xxAxąˆĢRule€8„604.€€DISPOSITIONŠ $Ń' ŠĢĢ€€(a)€€GenerallyŠ Ł&)"* ŠĢą ø ą€€As€to€each€party€to€an€appeal,€theŠ i(¹#, ŠCourt€shall€dispose€of€an€appeal€in€one€ofŠ 1)$- Šthe€following€ways:€€Š ł)I%. ŠĢ€€€€(1)€dismiss€the€appeal€pursuant€to€RuleŠ ‰+Ł&0 Š8-602;€€Š Q,”'1 ŠĢ€€€€(2)€affirm€the€judgment;€€Š į-1)3 ŠŠ ©.ł)4 Š€€€€(3)€vacate€or€reverse€the€judgment;€€Š ° ŠĢ€€€€(4)€modify€the€judgment;€€Š @ ŠĢ€€€€(5)€remand€the€action€to€a€lower€court€inŠ Š  Šaccordance€with€section€(d)€of€this€Rule;€or€€Š ˜č ŠĢ€€€€(6)€an€appropriate€combination€of€theŠ ( x Šabove.€€Š š @ ŠĢ€€(b)€€Affirmance€in€Part€and€Reversal,Š € Š  ŠModification,€or€Remand€in€PartŠ H ˜  ŠĢą ø ą€€If€the€Court€concludes€that€errorŠ Ų(  Šaffects€a€severable€part€of€the€action,€theŠ  š  ŠCourt,€as€to€that€severable€part,€may€reverseŠ hø  Šor€modify€the€judgment€or€remand€the€actionŠ 0€  Što€a€lower€court€for€further€proceedings€and,Š ųH  Šas€to€the€other€parts,€affirm€the€judgment.€€Š Ą ŠĢ€€(c)€€Correctible€ErrorŠ P  ŠĢ€€€€(1)€€Matters€of€FormŠ ą0 ŠĢą ø ą€€€€A€judgment€will€not€be€reversed€onŠ pĄ Šgrounds€of€form€if€the€Court€concludes€thatŠ 8ˆ Šthere€is€sufficient€substance€to€enable€theŠ P ŠCourt€to€proceed.€For€that€purpose,€theŠ Č Šappellate€court€shall€permit€any€entry€to€beŠ ą Šmade€by€either€party€during€the€pendency€ofŠ XØ Šthe€appeal€that€might€have€been€made€by€thatŠ  p Šparty€in€the€lower€court€after€verdict€by€theŠ č8 Šjury€or€decision€by€the€court.€€Š °  ŠĢ€€€€(2)€€Excessive€Amount€of€JudgmentŠ @" ŠĢą ø ą€€€€A€judgment€will€not€be€reversedŠ Š $ Šbecause€it€is€for€a€larger€amount€thanŠ ˜!č% Šclaimed€in€the€complaint€if€the€plaintiffŠ `"°& Šfiles€in€the€appellate€court€a€release€of€theŠ (#x' Šexcess.€€Š š#@( ŠĢ€€€€(3)€€Modified€JudgmentŠ €%Š * ŠĢą ø ą€€€€For€purposes€of€implementingŠ '`", Šsubsections€(1)€and€(2),€the€Court€may€modifyŠ Ų'(#- Šthe€judgment.€€Š  (š#. ŠĢ€€(d)€€RemandŠ 0*€%0 ŠĢ€€€€(1)€€GenerallyŠ Ą+'2 ŠĢą ø ą€€€€If€the€Court€concludes€that€theŠ P- (4 Šsubstantial€merits€of€a€case€will€not€beŠ .h)5 Šdetermined€by€affirming,€reversing€orŠ ° Šmodifying€the€judgment,€or€that€justice€willŠ xČ Šbe€served€by€permitting€further€proceedings,Š @ Šthe€Court€may€remand€the€case€to€a€lowerŠ X Šcourt.€€In€the€order€remanding€a€case,€theŠ Š  Šappellate€court€shall€state€the€purpose€forŠ ˜č Šthe€remand.€€The€order€of€remand€and€theŠ ` ° Šopinion€upon€which€the€order€is€based€areŠ ( x Šconclusive€as€to€the€points€decided.€€UponŠ š @ Šremand,€the€lower€court€shall€conduct€anyŠ ø   Šfurther€proceedings€necessary€to€determineŠ € Š  Šthe€action€in€accordance€with€the€opinion€andŠ H ˜  Šorder€of€the€appellate€court.€€Š `  ŠĢCommittee€note:€€This€Rule€is€not€intended€toŠ  š  Šchange€existing€case€law€regarding€limitedŠ hø  Šremands€in€criminal€cases;€see€ņņGill€v.€Stateóó,Š 0€  Š265€Md.€350€(1972);€ņņWeiner€v.€Stateóó,€290€Md.Š ųH  Š425€(1981);€ņņReid€v.€Stateóó,€305€Md.€9€(1985).€€Š Ą ŠĢ€€€€(2)€€Criminal€CaseŠ P  ŠĢą ø ą€€€€In€a€criminal€case,€if€the€appellateŠ ą0 Šcourt€reverses€the€judgment€for€error€in€theŠ Øų Šsentence€or€sentencing€proceeding,€the€CourtŠ pĄ Šshall€remand€the€case€for€resentencing.Š 8ˆ ŠĢ€€€€ņņ(3)€Request€for€Impleader€of€theŠ Č ŠSubsequent€Injury€Fund€in€an€Appeal€from€aŠ ą ŠWorkersšš€Compensation€Commission€DecisionóóŠ XØ ŠŌ#† XįXXX¼ŪG`#ŌŌ‡XįXX XįŌĢ€€€€€€ņņ(A)€€GenerallyóóŠ ÷G ŠĢ€ą ø ą€€€€€€ņņIf€a€party€files€a€request€forŠ „õ! Šimpleader€of€the€Subsequent€Injury€Fund€moreŠ |Ģ" Šthan€60€days€before€trial,€the€court€shallŠ S £# Šgrant€the€request.€If€a€party€files€a€requestŠ *!z$ Šfor€impleader€within€the€60„day€period€beforeŠ "Q% Štrial,€the€court€shall€determine€whetherŠ Ų"(& Šthere€is€good€cause€to€grant€the€request.óóŠ Æ#’' ŠĢ€€€€€€ņņ(B)€€Order€Granting€Request€forŠ ]%­ ) ŠImpleaderóóŠ 4&„!* ŠĢ€€€€€€€€€€€ņņIf€the€court€grants€a€request€forŠ ā'2#, Šimpleader,€the€court€shall€suspend€furtherŠ ¹( $- Šproceedings€and€remand€the€case€to€theŠ )ą$. ŠWorkersšš€Compensation€Commission€for€furtherŠ g*·%/ Šproceedings.óóŠ >+Ž&0 ŠĢ€€€€€€ņņ(C)€€Information€To€Be€Provided€to€theŠ ģ,<(2 ŠSubsequent€Injury€FundóóŠ Ć-)3 ŠŠ š.ź)4 Š€ą ø ą€€ņņWithin€10€days€after€the€date€of€anŠ ° Šorder€granting€a€request€for€impleader,€theŠ ‡× Šimpleading€party€shall€provide€to€theŠ ^® ŠSubsequent€Injury€Fund€and€all€other€parties:óóŠ 5… ŠĢ€€€€€€ņņ(i)€a€copy€of€the€original€claim€andŠ ć3 Šany€amendments;óóŠ ŗ  ŠĢ€€€€€€ņņ(ii)€each€issue€previously€filed€in€theŠ h ø Šclaim;óóŠ ?   ŠĢ€€€€€€ņņ(iii)€any€award€or€order€entered€by€theŠ ķ =  ŠCommission€on€the€claim;óóŠ Ä  ŠĢ€€€€€€ņņ(iv)€identification,€by€claim€number€ifŠ rĀ  Šavailable,€of€prior€awards€or€settlements€toŠ I™  Šthe€claimant€for€permanent€disability€made€orŠ  p  Šapproved€by€the€Commission,€by€a€comparableŠ ÷G Šcommission€of€another€state,€or€by€theŠ Ī ŠDistrict€of€Columbia;óóŠ „õ ŠĢ€€€€€€ņņ(v)€all€relevant€medical€evidenceŠ S£ Šrelied€on€to€implead€the€Subsequent€InjuryŠ *z ŠFund;€andóóŠ Q ŠĢ€€€€€€ņņ(vi)€a€certification€that€a€copy€of€theŠ Æ’ Šrequest€for€impleader€and€all€requiredŠ †Ö Šinformation€and€documents€have€been€mailed€toŠ ]­ Šthe€Subsequent€Injury€Fund€and€all€otherŠ 4„ Šparties.Š  [ ŠĢCross€reference:€€COMAR€14.09.01.13.Ō#† XįXXXįņs#ŌŌ‡X¼ŪXX XįŌóóŠ ¹  ŠĢ€€(e)€€Entry€of€JudgmentŠ X Ø! ŠĢą ø ą€€In€reversing€or€modifying€a€judgmentŠ č!8# Šin€whole€or€in€part,€the€Court€may€enter€anŠ °"$ Šappropriate€judgment€directly€or€may€orderŠ x#Č% Šthe€lower€court€to€do€so.€€Š @$& ŠĢSource:€€This€Rule€is€derived€as€follows:€€Š Š% !( Š€€Section€(a)€is€derived€from€former€RulesŠ ˜&č!) Š1070€and€870.€€Š `'°"* Š€€Section€(b)€is€derived€from€former€RulesŠ ((x#+ Š1072€and€872.€€Š š(@$, Š€€Section€(c)€is€derived€from€former€RulesŠ ø)%- Š1073€and€873.€€Š €*Š%. Š€€Section€(d)€is€ņņin€partóó€derived€from€formerŠ H+˜&/ ŠRules€1071€and€871€ņņand€in€part€newóó.€€Š ,`'0 Š€€Section€(e)€is€derived€from€former€RulesŠ Ų,((1 Š1075€and€875.€€Š  -š(2 ŠŠ h.ø)3 ЇŅ°` ŅҰ` Ņą  ąRule€8„604€was€accompanied€by€the€following€Reporterššs€Note.Š ° ŠĢŅ` °ŅŅ` °Ņą ø ąSee€the€Reporterššs€note€to€Rule€7„211.Š @ ŠĢŌ#† XįXXX¼ŪŽ}#ŌĢҰ` ŅҰ` ŅÓÓą  ąJudge€McAuliffe€explained€that€the€Rules€are€proposed€to€beŠ §÷ Šchanged€to€provide€a€procedure€for€impleading€the€SubsequentŠ U „ ŠInjury€Fund€(the€š šSIFšš)€after€a€case€has€been€decided€by€theŠ  S  ŠWorkersšš€Compensation€Commission€(the€š šCommissionšš)€and€is€onŠ ±   Šappeal€to€a€circuit€court€or€to€the€Court€of€Special€Appeals.€Š _Æ  ŠProposed€new€Rule€7„211€applies€to€the€circuit€court,€and€Rule€8„Š  ]  Š604€applies€to€the€Court€of€Special€Appeals.€€Chapter€276€(HBŠ »  Š122),€Acts€of€2003€modified€Code,€Labor€and€Employment€Article,Š i¹ Ššš9„807€by€adding€a€good€cause€showing€before€proceedings€areŠ g Šsuspended€and€remanded€to€the€Commission€when€the€SIF€isŠ Å Šimpleaded€less€than€60€days€before€a€trial€in€the€circuit€courtŠ sĆ Šor€a€hearing€in€the€Court€of€Special€Appeals.€€Within€the€60„dayŠ !q Šperiod,€the€court€determines€whether€there€is€good€cause€to€grantŠ Ļ Šthe€request€for€impleader€of€the€SIF.€€Up€to€that€time€period,Š }Ķ Šthe€request€is€automatically€granted.€€The€Court€of€Appeals€inŠ + {! ŠņņCarey€v.€Chessie€Computer€Services,€Inc.óó,€369€Md.€741€(2002),Š Ł!)# Špointed€out€that€there€should€be€an€express€procedure€in€theŠ ‹#Ū% ŠRules€of€Procedure€for€impleading€the€SIF€in€a€WorkersššŠ 9%‰ ' ŠCompensation€action€pending€in€a€circuit€court.€€The€two€RulesŠ ē&7") Šaddress€the€timing€of€and€the€procedure€for€impleader€of€the€SIF.€Š •(å#+ ŠThe€Vice€Chair€assisted€with€the€redrafting€of€the€Rules.€€Š C*“%- Šą  ąThe€Committee€approved€the€Rules€as€presented.Š ń+A'/ Šą  ąThe€Chair€announced€that€on€January€10,€2005,€at€2:00€p.m.,Š Ÿ-ļ(1 Šthe€Court€of€Appeals€will€be€considering€the€Report€of€the€EthicsŠ ° Š2000€Committee,€chaired€by€the€Hon.€Lawrence€F.€Rodowsky,€retiredŠ ^® ŠJudge€of€the€Court€of€Appeals,€recommending€changes€to€theŠ  \ ŠMaryland€[Lawyersšš]€Rules€of€Professional€Conduct.€€Š ŗ  Šą  ąThe€Chair€also€announced€that€on€January€27,€2005,€theŠ h ø ŠAppellate€Subcommittee€of€the€Litigation€Section€of€the€MarylandŠ  f  ŠState€Bar€Association€will€present€a€program€at€the€University€ofŠ Ä  ŠMaryland€School€of€Law€on€unpublished€opinions.€€The€speakersŠ rĀ  Šwill€be€the€Honorable€Alan€M.€Wilner,€of€the€Court€of€Appeals,Š  p  Šand€Professor€William€Reynolds€of€the€University€of€MarylandŠ Ī ŠSchool€of€Law.€€They€will€discuss€the€use€of€unpublished€opinionsŠ |Ģ Šin€the€federal€courts€and€the€mechanism€by€which€someone€can€citeŠ *z Šan€unpublished€opinion.€€This€may€be€a€potential€topic€for€theŠ Ų( ŠAppellate€Subcommittee€of€the€Rules€Committee€in€the€future.Š †Ö Šą  ąThe€Chair€said€that€Judge€Missouri€has€tendered€hisŠ 4„ Šresignation€to€the€Committee,€because€he€was€elected€Chair€of€theŠ ā2 ŠConference€of€Circuit€Judges.€€The€Honorable€William€B.Š ą  ŠSpellbring,€Jr.€of€the€Circuit€Court€for€Prince€Georgeššs€County,Š >!Ž" Šhas€been€appointed€to€fill€the€unexpired€term€of€Judge€Missouri.Š ģ"<$ Šą  ąThe€Chair€adjourned€the€meeting.€Š š$ź& Š