’WPC= Éiłõ¤,@‰]ļj*°¶#HA:Īun³–ył R½|ää}»˜Ćˆ¬ąĖüæ3E•ź½ZśŒR“ FŸ„ӏMš(M&•tŹ%&‡Ńč).ŸvK<-q*AU€Fü«7Ķ÷-ŲP¶™TļnĒ÷?;Øōy ŗS3ŽĜĆq×¹MUżĘõ Ź»&ø,‚[*łš6ÓSP%ņi„9ŸĆļØŚ‰ʞā'šÄJg j÷†xE-Jö"·åŖe=_ŗÓj+AłāŒN1`ŽždµE©;ä°OņĒ`Ć©0€02¢]?@dVœUa¬d…įˆcöŚø£¶ę/ŪœU·ŽĪ§)Ļ9“ ŗO‡ÕŪ@õĮź’]b7UįĀ3ŲūūšõV“tk(Ŗ×Ä_Ģ‘T.űIG#˜9H”• C[oŻÜ»Bņ²gP²Øf˜·®§–L«jaĆ­tžĘŚ'»śĆC!éØ’Žn ֏exø^Sģ¹²£½DEfy›cpŌB½ĻtŅÄMk‘š÷ĖŁc3Ę Œ²~ØĶŲ¼9Ķ³o6uĒž™€I“•2½!› D īÅ"TāŪ„Ł6-ó'ŌŠm#RR¦F£ ¾H˜rĘtwŽ±æ:™(,rz8¦óŚŻõX³ž#ĮīUNÆ %ż 0:^ =wI4Map mr‰ŸUFµbūU8N;˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL$,,,,$0(ÖĆ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$””ŌUSUS.,Ōƒ‰6s &ƒz6/5””Backup3|xA’U‹’ĄĄĄ Ń ° Ń Ń ° Ń<4šŪ 9Z+‹.Courier New Regular- ł-<4šŪ 9Z+‹ Courier New Ż ƒüœ!ŻŌUSUS.,ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌŃX°ŃŃ€ OY ŃŃ€ OYŃŌ€ XtXXXŌŃ€ŃŃ8€ż\XXdģdČ8ŃŃ  Ńą@ø ø ģąCOURT€OF€APPEALS€STANDING€COMMITTEEˆŠ ° Šą@ō ō ģąņņON€RULES€OF€PRACTICE€AND€PROCEDUREˆŠ †Ö ŠĢĢóóÓÓą  ąMinutes€of€a€meeting€of€the€Rules€Committee€held€in€TrainingŠ X ŠRooms€5€and€6€of€the€Judiciary€Education€and€Conference€Center,Š “  ŠAnnapolis,€Maryland,€on€September€8,€2006.Š ` ° ŠÓÓĢą  ąMembers€present:Š ā 2  ŠĢHon.€Joseph€F.€Murphy,€Jr.,€ChairŠ ŽŽ  ŠLinda€M.€Ō_ŌSchuettŌ_Ō,€Esq.,€Vice€ChairŠ d“  ŠĢLowell€R.€Bowen,€Esq.ą0 h ąą0Ąh(#h(#ą€€€€J.€Brooks€Leahy,€Esq.Š` Ą(#Ą(# ŠAlbert€D.€Ō_ŌBraultŌ_Ō,€Esq.ą0 h ąą0Ąh(#h(#ą€€€€Master€Ō_ŌZakiaŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌMahasaŌ_ŌŠę6Ą(#Ą(# ŠHon.€James€W.€Drydeną0 h ąą0Ąh(#h(#ą€€€€Hon.€Albert€J.€Ō_ŌMatriccianiŌ_ŌŠ¼ Ą(#Ą(# ŠHarry€S.€Johnson,€Esq.ą0 h ąą0Ąh(#h(#ą€€€€Hon.€John€L.€Norton,€IIIŠ’āĄ(#Ą(# ŠHon.€Joseph€H.€H.€Kaplaną0 h ąą0Ąh(#h(#ą€€€€Larry€W.€Ō_ŌShipleyŌ_Ō,€ClerkŠhøĄ(#Ą(# ŠRobert€D.€Klein,€Esq.ą0 h ąą0Ąh(#h(#ą€€€€Hon.€William€B.€Ō_ŌSpellbringŌ_Ō,€Jr.Š>ŽĄ(#Ą(# ŠFrank€M.€Ō_ŌKratovilŌ_Ō,€Jr.,€Esq.ą0 Ą ą€€€€Robert€A.€Ō_ŌZarnochŌ_Ō,€Esq.ŠdĄ(#Ą(# ŠĢĢą  ąIn€attendance:Š –ę ŠĢSandra€F.€Haines,€Esq.,€ReporterŠ B’ ŠŌ_ŌSherieŌ_Ō€B.€Libber,€Esq.,€Assistant€ReporterŠ h ŠShea€Ō_ŌMcSpadenŌ_Ō,€Esq.Š ī> ŠLisa€Sparks,€Family€Mediation€Clinic,€University€of€BaltimoreŠ Ä Š€€School€of€LawŠ šź ŠProfessor€Jane€Murphy,€Family€Mediation€Clinic,€University€ofŠ pĄ  Š€€Baltimore€School€of€LawŠ F –! ŠMaster€Theresa€Ō_ŌFurnariŌ_Ō,€Circuit€Court€for€Baltimore€CityŠ !l" ŠLouise€Ō_ŌPhippsŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌSenftŌ_Ō,€Baltimore€MediationŠ ņ!B# ŠRichard€Montgomery,€Legislative€Relations,€Maryland€State€BarŠ Č"$ Š€€Association,€Inc.Š ž#ī% ŠBrian€L.€Ō_ŌZavinŌ_Ō,€Esq.,€Office€of€the€Public€DefenderŠ t$Ä& ŠMichele€Ō_ŌNethercottŌ_Ō,€Esq.,€Office€of€the€Public€DefenderŠ J%š ' ŠJanet€Moss,€Client€Protection€FundŠ  &p!( ŠĢĢÓÓą  ąThe€Chair€convened€the€meeting.€€He€welcomed€the€newestŠ ¢(ņ#+ Šmembers€of€the€Rules€Committee,€the€Honorable€Albert€J.Š N*ž%- ŠŌ_ŌMatriccianiŌ_Ō;€Frank€M.€Ō_ŌKratovilŌ_Ō,€Esq.;€and€Master€Ō_ŌZakiaŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌMahasaŌ_Ō.€€€Š  ś+J'/ ŠŌ_ŌHe€also€welcomed€back€Mr.€Bowen€who€had€been€unable€to€attendŠ ° Šseveral€meetings.Š \¬ Šą  ąThe€Chair€asked€the€Committee€if€there€were€any€correctionsŠ X Šor€additions€to€the€minutes€of€the€November€18,€2005€and€AprilŠ “  Š21,€2006€meetings.€€Mr.€Klein€pointed€out€an€error€on€page€18€ofŠ ` ° Šthe€November€minutes€„š!š€the€word€š šstuffedšš€in€the€first€fullŠ  \  Šparagraph€should€be€š šstaffed.šš€€The€Reporter€added€that€thereŠ ø  Šwere€several€typographical€errors€in€the€April€minutes€that€willŠ d“  Šbe€corrected.€€By€consensus,€the€Committee€approved€the€minutesŠ `  Šas€amended.Š ¼  ŠÓÓĢAgenda€Item€1.€€Reconsideration€of€a€proposed€amendment€to€RuleŠ >Ž Š€€4„246€(Waiver€of€Jury€Trial€„€Circuit€Court)Š d Š_________________________________________________________________Š ź: ŠĢĢÓÓą  ąThe€Chair€presented€Rule€4„246,€Waiver€of€Jury€Trial€„Š l¼ ŠCircuit€Court,€for€the€Committeeššs€consideration.Š h ŠŅ` °ŅŅ` °ŅÓÓĢą@˜ ˜ ģąMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆŠ šź ŠĢą@ģąTITLE€4€„€CRIMINAL€CAUSESˆŠ F –! ŠĢą@0 0 ģąCHAPTER€200€„€PRETRIAL€PROCEDURESˆŠ ņ!B# ŠĢĢą ø ąAMEND€Rule€4„246€by€adding€a€certainŠ t$Ä& ŠCommittee€note€after€section€(b),€as€follows:Š J%š ' ŠĢĢRule€4-246.€€WAIVER€OF€JURY€TRIAL€š!š€CIRCUITŠ Ģ'#* ŠCOURT€Š ¢(ņ#+ ŠĢĢ€€(a)€€GenerallyŠ $+t&. ŠĢą ø ą€€In€the€circuit€court€a€defendantŠ Š, (0 Šhaving€a€right€to€trial€by€jury€shall€beŠ ¦-ö(1 Štried€by€a€jury€unless€the€right€is€waivedŠ |.Ģ)2 Špursuant€to€section€(b)€of€this€Rule.€€If€theŠ ° Šwaiver€is€accepted€by€the€court,€the€StateŠ †Ö Šmay€not€elect€a€trial€by€jury.€€Š \¬ ŠĢ€€(b)€€Procedure€for€Acceptance€of€WaiverŠ X ŠĢą ø ą€€A€defendant€may€waive€the€right€to€aŠ “  Štrial€by€jury€at€any€time€before€theŠ Š Ś Šcommencement€of€trial.€€The€court€may€notŠ ` ° Šaccept€the€waiver€until€it€determines,€afterŠ 6 †  Šan€examination€of€the€defendant€on€the€recordŠ  \  Šin€open€court€conducted€by€the€court,€theŠ ā 2  ŠState's€Attorney,€the€attorney€for€theŠ ø  Šdefendant,€or€any€combination€thereof,€thatŠ ŽŽ  Šthe€waiver€is€made€knowingly€and€voluntarily.Š d“  ŠņņĢCommittee€note:€€Although€the€law€does€notŠ `  Šrequire€the€court€to€use€a€specific€form€ofŠ ę6 Šinquiry€in€determining€whether€a€defendantššsŠ ¼  Šwaiver€of€a€jury€trial€is€knowing€andŠ ’ā Švoluntary,€the€record€must€demonstrate€anŠ hø Šintentional€relinquishment€of€a€known€right.Š >Ž ŠWhat€questions€must€be€asked€will€depend€uponŠ d Šthe€facts€and€circumstances€of€a€particularŠ ź: Šcase.€€In€determining€whether€a€waiver€isŠ Ą Šknowing,€the€court€should€seek€to€ensure€thatŠ –ę Šthe€defendant€understands€that:€(1)€he€or€sheŠ l¼ Šhas€the€right€to€trial€by€jury;€(2)€unless€heŠ B’ Šor€she€waives€a€trial€by€jury,€the€case€willŠ h Šautomatically€be€tried€by€a€jury;€(3)€a€juryŠ ī> Šconsists€of€12€persons€selected€at€randomŠ Ä Šfrom€the€list€of€registered€voters€and/orŠ šź Šlicensed€drivers€in€the€defendantššs€countyŠ pĄ  Šand€picked€by€the€defendant,€his€or€herŠ F –! Šattorney,€and€the€State;€(4)€all€12€jurorsŠ !l" Šmust€agree€on€whether€the€defendant€is€guiltyŠ ņ!B# Šor€innocent€and€may€only€convict€upon€proofŠ Č"$ Šbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt;€(5)€if€the€jury€isŠ ž#ī% Šunable€to€reach€a€unanimous€decision,€aŠ t$Ä& Šmistrial€may€be€declared€and€the€State€wouldŠ J%š ' Šhave€the€option€of€retrying€the€defendant;Š  &p!( Šand€(7)€the€defendant€may€not€be€permitted€toŠ ö&F") Šchange€his€or€her€election€at€a€later€time.€Š Ģ'#* ŠIn€determining€whether€a€waiver€is€voluntary,Š ¢(ņ#+ Šit€is€preferable€that€the€court€ask€questionsŠ x)Č$, Šincluding,€but€not€limited€to,€the€following:Š N*ž%- Š(1)€Are€you€making€this€decision€of€your€ownŠ $+t&. Šfree€will?;€(2)€Has€anyone€offered€orŠ ś+J'/ Špromised€you€anything€in€exchange€for€givingŠ Š, (0 Šup€your€right€to€a€jury€trial?;€(3)€HasŠ ¦-ö(1 Šanyone€threatened€or€coerced€you€in€any€wayŠ |.Ģ)2 Šregarding€your€decision?;€and€(4)€Are€youŠ ° Špresently€under€the€influence€of€anyŠ †Ö Šmedications,€drugs,€or€alcohol?.€€See€ņņKang€v.Š \¬ ŠStateóó,€393€Md.€97€(2006)€and€ņņAbeokuto€v.Š 8ˆ ŠStateóó,€391€Md.€289€(2006).óóŠ d ŠĢ€€(c)€€Withdrawal€of€a€WaiverŠ Ę  ŠĢą ø ą€€After€accepting€a€waiver€of€juryŠ r Ā Štrial,€the€court€may€permit€the€defendant€toŠ H ˜  Šwithdraw€the€waiver€only€on€motion€madeŠ  n  Šbefore€trial€and€for€good€cause€shown.€€InŠ ō D  Šdetermining€whether€to€allow€a€withdrawal€ofŠ Ź  Šthe€waiver,€the€court€may€consider€theŠ  š  Šextent,€if€any,€to€which€trial€would€beŠ vĘ  Šdelayed€by€the€withdrawal.€€Š Lœ  ŠĢSource:€€This€Rule€is€derived€from€formerŠ ųH ŠRule€735.€€Š Ī ŠĢĢŅ°` ŅŅ°` Ņą  ąRule€4„246€was€accompanied€by€the€following€Reporterššs€Note.Š P  ŠĢŅ` °ŅŅ` °Ņą ø ąIn€the€cases€of€ņņKang€v.€Stateóó,€393€Md.Š üL Š97€(2006)€and€ņņAbeokuto€v.€Stateóó,€391€Md.€289Š Ų( Š(2006),€the€Court€of€Appeals€declined€toŠ “ Šrequire€the€trial€court€to€use€a€particularŠ ŠŚ Šform€of€inquiry€to€determine€theŠ `° Švoluntariness€of€a€jury€trial€waiver,€butŠ 6† Šexpressed€its€preference€that€judges€make€aŠ  \ Šspecific€inquiry€into€voluntariness.€€TheŠ ā2 Šproposed€Committee€note€after€section€(b)Š ø Šlists€questions€that€may€be€useful€inŠ ŽŽ  Šdetermining€that€a€jury€trial€waiver€is€madeŠ d “! Šboth€voluntarily€and€knowingly.€€TheŠ :!Š" ŠCommittee€note€also€refers€to€the€two€cases.Š "`# ŠĢĢŅ°` ŅŅ°` ŅÓÓą  ąThe€Chair€said€that€the€Honorable€Robert€M.€Bell,€ChiefŠ ’$ā& ŠJudge€of€the€Court€of€Appeals,€subsequent€to€the€filing€of€ņņKangŠ >&Ž!( Šv.€Stateóó,€393€Md.€97€(2006)€recommended€that€Rule€4„246€beŠ ö'F#* Šamended.€€The€Rules€Committee€considered€the€Rule€at€its€JuneŠ ®)ž$, Š2006€meeting,€and€referred€it€to€the€Criminal€Subcommittee.€€AtŠ Z+Ŗ&. Šthe€Subcommittee€meeting,€representatives€of€the€Office€of€theŠ -V(0 ŠPublic€Defender€were€present€to€help€draft€the€changes€to€theŠ ° ŠRule.€€Assistant€Public€Defenders€Brian€L.€Zavin,€Esq.€andŠ \¬ ŠMichele€Nethercott,€Esq.€are€present€at€the€meeting€today€toŠ X Šanswer€any€questions.€€The€proposed€change€is€the€addition€of€aŠ “  ŠCommittee€note€after€section€(b)€to€alert€trial€judges€as€to€howŠ ` ° Što€determine€the€voluntariness€of€a€defendantššs€waiver€of€a€juryŠ  \  Štrial.€€€Š ø  Šą  ąMr.€Zavin€said€that€he€was€satisfied€with€the€wording€of€theŠ d“  Šcurrent€proposal.€€Unlike€an€earlier€draft€of€the€Committee€note,Š `  Šthe€current€one€addresses€both€the€required€prongs€„„€that€aŠ ¼  Šwaiver€is€made€not€only€knowingly,€but€also€voluntarily.€€TheŠ hø Šnote€clarifies€that€the€questions€asked€by€the€trial€judge€couldŠ d Šchange€depending€on€the€facts€of€the€case.€€The€Chair€expressedŠ Ą Šthe€view€that€the€proposed€added€language€is€a€good€response€toŠ l¼ Šthe€concern€of€the€Court€of€Appeals.€€Judge€Norton€commented€thatŠ h Šas€originally€drafted,€the€proposed€Committee€note€had€referredŠ Ä Što€the€questions€set€out€in€the€ņņBenchbookóó,€a€guide€book€forŠ pĄ  Šjudges.€€Shea€McSpaden,€Esq.,€who€works€on€the€ņņBenchbookóó€projectŠ !l" Šwith€Elizabeth€B.€Veronis,€Esq.,€who€serves€as€Legal€Counsel€toŠ Č"$ Šthe€Chief€Judge,€attended€the€Subcommittee€meeting€and€explainedŠ t$Ä& Šthat€the€ņņBenchbookóó€committee€meets€only€a€few€times€per€year€andŠ  &p!( Šhas€not€met€recently€to€amend€the€ņņBenchbookóó.€€The€SubcommitteeŠ Ģ'#* Šdeleted€the€reference€to€the€ņņBenchbookóó€questions.€€Because€theŠ x)Č$, ŠCourt€of€Appeals€would€like€the€Rule€to€be€amended€promptly,€itŠ $+t&. Šis€not€a€good€idea€to€wait€until€the€ņņBenchbookóó€is€updated.€€Š Š, (0 Šą  ąMr.€Bowen€noted€that€the€second€sentence€of€the€CommitteeŠ |.Ģ)2 Šnote€refers€to€š šregistered€voters€and/or€licensed€drivers€in€theŠ ° Šdefendantššs€county.šš€€He€asked€if€this€language€would€beŠ \¬ Šappropriate€if€the€case€were€transferred€to€another€county.€€HeŠ X Šsuggested€that€the€language€should€be:€š š...drivers€in€the€countyŠ “  Šwhere€the€court€sits.šš€€The€Vice€Chair€questioned€as€to€whetherŠ ` ° Šthere€may€be€jurors€chosen€who€are€not€on€either€list,€and€theŠ  \  ŠChair€replied€affirmatively.€€He€remarked€that€the€clerk€may€pullŠ ø  Šin€jurors,€known€as€a€š štalesmanšš€jury.€€Judge€Dryden€observedŠ d“  Šthat€the€jurors€may€come€from€the€list€of€holders€ofŠ `  Šidentification€cards€issued€by€the€Motor€Vehicle€AdministrationŠ ¼  Š(š šMVAšš),€as€well€as€from€the€lists€of€registered€voters€andŠ hø Šlicensed€drivers.€€The€Chair€said€that€in€some€counties,€theŠ d Šjurors€come€from€only€the€MVA€lists,€and€in€some€from€both€lists.€Š Ą ŠJudge€Dryden€pointed€out€that€the€MVA€list€is€an€expansion€ofŠ l¼ Špeople€available.€€In€Anne€Arundel€County,€five€to€10€years€ago,Š h Šonly€the€list€of€registered€voters€provided€jurors.€€€€Š Ä Šą  ąThe€Chair€suggested€that€the€language€could€read:€š š...12Š pĄ  Špersons€who€promise€to€decide€the€case€fairly€and€impartially.€Š !l" ŠThe€12€persons€would€be€picked€in€a€selection€process€in€whichŠ Č"$ Šthe€defendant,€the€defendantššs€attorney,€and€the€prosecutor€wouldŠ t$Ä& Šparticipate.šš€€Š  &p!( Šą  ąThe€Vice€Chair€moved€to€delete€the€following€language€in€theŠ Ģ'#* Šthird€item€in€the€list€set€out€in€the€third€sentence€of€theŠ x)Č$, ŠCommittee€note:€š šfrom€the€list€of€registered€voters€and/orŠ $+t&. Šlicensed€drivers€in€the€defendantššs€county.šš€€The€motion€wasŠ Š, (0 Šseconded€and€passed€unanimously.Š |.Ģ)2 Šą  ąMaster€Mahasa€observed€that€the€note€provides€that€the€courtŠ ° Šshould€seek€to€ensure€that€the€waiver€is€knowing€and€voluntary.€€Š \¬ ŠTo€determine€the€voluntariness€of€the€waiver,€the€court€could€askŠ X Šthe€questions.€€The€court€could€let€the€attorney€qualify€theŠ “  Šclient€to€determine€that€the€waiver€is€knowing.€€The€Vice€ChairŠ ` ° Šremarked€that€it€might€be€better€for€the€court€to€ask€theŠ  \  Šquestions.€€Judge€Dryden€suggested€that€in€place€of€the€languageŠ ø  Šš šthe€court€should€seek€to€ensure€that...,šš€the€following€languageŠ d“  Šcould€be€substituted:€š šthe€court€should€ensure€that€...šš.€€€Š `  ŠThe€Chair€inquired€as€to€whether€the€Subcommittee€had€discussedŠ ¼  Šthe€issue€of€who€should€ask€the€questions.€€Judge€Norton€repliedŠ hø Šthat€this€was€not€discussed.€€He€questioned€as€to€whether€ņņKangóóŠ d Šaddressed€who€should€ask€the€questions.€€The€Vice€Chair€respondedŠ Ģ Šthat€the€case€stated€only€that€the€questions€should€be€asked.€Š xČ ŠJudge€Kaplan€added€that€the€questions€are€not€necessarily€askedŠ $t Šby€the€court.€€Judge€Dryden€noted€that€if€the€court€uses€theŠ Š  Šexact€language€provided€for€in€the€Committee€note,€this€willŠ |Ģ  Šsatisfy€the€determination€of€knowing€and€voluntary.€€€Š (!x" Šą  ąThe€Vice€Chair€suggested€that€the€wording€of€the€thirdŠ Ō"$$ Šsentence€in€the€note€could€be:€€š š...the€court€should€seek€toŠ €$Š& Šinsure€that€the€waiverņņņņóóóó€is€knowing€and€voluntary€by€askingŠ ,&|!( Šquestions€such€as...šš.€€The€Chair€inquired€as€to€whether€theŠ Ų'(#* Šcourt€must€ask€the€questions,€and€the€Vice€Chair€answered€thatŠ „)Ō$, Šthe€court€does€not€necessarily€have€to€ask.€€The€Chair€said€thatŠ 0+€&. Šit€might€be€better€if€the€court€asks€the€questions.€€Mr.€KratovilŠ Ü,,(0 Šcommented€that€as€long€as€the€waiver€is€knowing€and€voluntary,€itŠ ˆ.Ų)2 Šdoes€not€make€a€difference€as€to€who€asks€the€questions.€€TheŠ ° ŠChair€pointed€out€that€the€Court€of€Appeals€may€prefer€that€theŠ \¬ Šcourt€ask€the€questions.€€He€added€that€as€long€as€the€substanceŠ X Šof€the€note€is€appropriate,€the€Style€Subcommittee€can€redraftŠ “  Šit.€€The€language€can€then€be€brought€back€to€the€Rules€CommitteeŠ ` ° Šfor€another€review.Š  \  Šą  ąMr.€Kratovil€asked€whether€item€(5)€in€the€list€in€the€thirdŠ ø  Šsentence€of€the€note€is€necessary.€€He€noted€that€more€often€thanŠ d“  Šnot,€judges€do€not€refer€to€the€possibility€of€a€mistrial€whenŠ `  Šspeaking€to€the€defendant.€€Judge€Dryden€remarked€that€he€makesŠ ¼  Šthis€statement€when€questioning€a€defendant.€€The€Chair€commentedŠ hø Šthat€this€statement€is€in€the€ņņBenchbookóó.€€Judge€Dryden€observedŠ d Šthat€the€defendant€needs€to€know€what€will€happen€if€the€verdictŠ Ą Šis€not€unanimous.€€The€Vice€Chair€suggested€that€the€language€inŠ l¼ Šitem€(5)€should€be:€š š...€a€mistrial€will€be€declared...šš.€€ByŠ h Šconsensus,€the€Committee€agreed€with€this€suggestion.€€The€ChairŠ Ä Šreferred€to€the€case€of€ņņHarris€v.€Stateóó,€295€Md.€329€(1983)€inŠ pĄ  Šwhich€the€judge€failed€to€tell€the€defendant€that€if€the€jurorsŠ (!x" Šdo€not€reach€a€verdict€within€a€reasonable€time,€the€sentenceŠ Ō"$$ Šwill€be€a€life€sentence,€and€not€a€death€sentence.€€The€ChairŠ €$Š& Šexpressed€his€agreement€with€Mr.€Kratovil€that€there€is€noŠ ,&|!( Šuniformity€as€to€judges€following€item€(5).€€The€Vice€ChairŠ Ų'(#* Šobserved€that€since€the€items€in€the€list€are€not€mandatory,€thisŠ „)Ō$, Šis€not€necessarily€an€approved€practice.€€Judge€MatriccianiŠ 0+€&. Šexpressed€the€view€that€the€questions€should€be€asked€in€everyŠ Ü,,(0 Šguilty€plea€and€every€jury€trial€waiver.€€Judge€Kaplan€said€thatŠ ˆ.Ų)2 Šhe€asks€the€questions€every€time.€€Š ° Šą  ąMr.€Ō_ŌBraultŌ_Ō€commented€that€often€groups€of€defendants€areŠ \¬ Šquestioned€in€the€courtroom,€so€that€the€judge€does€not€have€toŠ X Šrepeat€the€litany€so€many€times.€€Judge€Kaplan€clarified€that€itŠ “  Šis€not€always€given€to€everyone€at€once,€but€the€group€may€beŠ ` ° Šdivided€up,€and€then€the€questions€are€asked€once€for€the€entireŠ  \  Šgroup.€€The€Chair€added€that€each€person€in€the€group€concedesŠ ø  Šthat€he€or€she€understands.€€The€Vice€Chair€suggested€that€theŠ d“  Šwording€in€the€note€should€be€broadened€to€provide€that€the€courtŠ `  Šor€someone€else€can€ask€the€questions.€€Mr.€Ō_ŌKratovilŌ_Ō€inquired€asŠ ¼  Što€whether€this€is€consistent€with€the€first€part€of€the€thirdŠ hø Šsentence€(š šthe€court€shall€seek€to€ensurešš).€€The€Vice€ChairŠ d Špointed€out€that€the€concept€of€the€note€is€that€the€court€shouldŠ Ą Šseek€to€ensure€that€the€waiver€is€knowing€and€voluntary,€but€itŠ l¼ Šis€not€mandatory€that€the€court€ask€the€questions.€€The€ChairŠ h Šstated€that€subject€to€restyling,€the€language€will€provide€thatŠ Ä Šthe€defendant€should€be€asked€questions,€and€then€the€questionsŠ pĄ  Šwill€be€listed.€€This€will€indicate€that€the€court€is€notŠ !l" Šobligated€to€ask€the€questions,€but€the€court€will€make€sure€thatŠ Č"$ Šthe€record€shows€that€the€waiver€is€knowing€and€voluntary.€€TheŠ t$Ä& ŠReporter€asked€whether€the€reference€to€the€list€of€drivers€andŠ  &p!( Šregistered€voters€will€be€deleted,€and€the€Chair€replied€that€itŠ Ģ'#* Šwill€be€deleted.€€By€consensus,€the€Committee€approved€the€RuleŠ x)Č$, Šas€amended€and€subject€to€restyling.Š $+t&. ŠÓÓŠ  Š, (0 ŠAgenda€Item€2.€€Reconsideration€of€proposed€amendments€to:€RuleŠ ° Š€€4„261€(Depositions),€Rule€4„263€(Discovery€is€Circuit€Court),Š †Ö Š€€Rule€4„262€(Discovery€in€District€Court),€and€Rule€4„301Š \¬ Š€€(Beginning€of€Trial€in€District€Court)Š 2‚ Š_________________________________________________________________Š X ŠĢÓÓą  ąThe€Chair€presented€Rule€4„261,€Depositions,€for€theŠ “  ŠCommitteeššs€consideration.€€Š ` ° ŠŅ` °ŅŅ` °ŅÓÓĢą@˜ ˜ ģąMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆŠ ā 2  ŠĢą@ģąTITLE€4€„€CRIMINAL€CAUSESˆŠ ŽŽ  ŠĢą@0 0 ģąCHAPTER€200€„€PRETRIAL€PROCEDURESˆŠ :Š  ŠĢĢą ø ąAMEND€Ruleņņóó€4„261€to€allow€a€depositionŠ ¼  Šin€an€action€in€the€District€Court€under€theŠ ’ā Šsame€circumstances€under€which€a€depositionŠ hø Šin€a€circuit€court€may€be€taken,€as€follows:Š >Ž ŠĢĢRule€4-261.€€DEPOSITIONS€Š Ą ŠĢĢ€€(a)€€Availability€ņ ņin€District€Courtó óŠ B’ ŠĢą ø ą€€ņ ņIn€District€Court€a€deposition€may€beŠ ī> Štaken€only€with€the€consent€of€the€State€andŠ Ä Šthe€defendant€and€upon€order€of€court.ó 󀀩 šź ŠĢ€€ņ ņ(b)€€Availability€in€Circuit€Courtó óŠ F –! ŠĢ€€€€€€€ņ ņIn€a€circuit€court€theó ó€ņņTheóó€parties€mayŠ ņ!B# Šagree,€without€an€order€of€court,€to€take€aŠ Č"$ Šdeposition€of€a€witness,€subject€to€the€rightŠ ž#ī% Šof€the€witness€to€move€for€a€protective€orderŠ t$Ä& Šunder€section€ņ ņ(g)ó ó€ņņ(f)óó€of€this€Rule.€€WithoutŠ J%š ' Šagreement,€the€court,€on€motion€of€a€party,Š  &p!( Šmay€order€that€the€testimony€of€a€witness€beŠ ö&F") Štaken€by€deposition€if€satisfied€that€theŠ Ģ'#* Šwitness€may€be€unable€to€attend€a€trial€orŠ ¢(ņ#+ Šhearing,€that€the€testimony€may€be€material,Š x)Č$, Šand€that€the€taking€of€the€deposition€isŠ N*ž%- Šnecessary€to€prevent€a€failure€of€justice.€Š $+t&. ŠĢ€€ņ ņ(c)ó ó€ņņ(b)óó€Contents€of€Order€for€DepositionŠ Š, (0 ŠĢą ø ą€€An€order€for€a€deposition€shall€stateŠ |.Ģ)2 Šthe€name€and€address€of€each€witness€to€beŠ ° Šexamined€and€the€time,€date,€and€place€ofŠ †Ö Šexamination.€€It€shall€also€designate€anyŠ \¬ Šdocuments,€recordings,€photographs,€or€otherŠ 2‚ Štangible€things,€not€privileged,€that€are€toŠ X Šbe€produced€at€the€time€of€the€deposition.€Š Ž. ŠAn€order€for€a€€deposition€shall€include€suchŠ “  Šother€matters€as€the€court€may€order,Š Š Ś Šincluding€any€applicable€provision€of€sectionŠ ` ° Šņ ņ(g)ó ó€ņņ(f)óó€of€this€Rule.€€Š 6 †  ŠĢ€€ņ ņ(d)ó ó€ņņ(c)óó€SubpoenaŠ ā 2  ŠĢą ø ą€€Upon€entry€by€the€court€of€an€orderŠ ŽŽ  Šfor€a€deposition€or€upon€request€pursuant€toŠ d“  Šstipulation€entered€into€under€section€ņ ņ(b)ó óŠ :Š  Šņņ(a)óó€of€this€Rule,€the€clerk€of€the€courtŠ `  Šshall€issue€a€subpoena€commanding€the€witnessŠ ę6 Što€appear€at€the€time,€date,€and€placeŠ ¼  Šdesignated€and€to€produce€at€the€depositionŠ ’ā Šany€documents,€recordings,€photographs,€orŠ hø Šother€tangible€things€designated€in€the€orderŠ >Ž Šof€court€or€in€the€stipulation.€€Š d ŠĢ€€ņ ņ(e)ó ó€ņņ(d)óó€How€TakenŠ Ą ŠĢą ø ą€€The€procedure€for€taking€a€depositionŠ l¼ Šshall€be€as€provided€by€Rules€2-401€(f),Š B’ Š2-414,€2-415,€2-416,€and€2-417€(b)€and€(c).€€Š h ŠĢ€€ņ ņ(f)ó ó€ņņ(e)óó€Presence€of€the€DefendantŠ Ä ŠĢą ø ą€€The€defendant€is€entitled€to€beŠ pĄ  Špresent€at€the€taking€of€a€deposition€unlessŠ F –! Šthe€right€is€waived.€€The€county€in€which€theŠ !l" Šaction€originated€shall€pay€reasonableŠ ņ!B# Šexpenses€of€travel€and€subsistence€of€theŠ Č"$ Šdefendant€and€defendant's€counsel€at€aŠ ž#ī% Šdeposition€taken€at€the€instance€of€theŠ t$Ä& ŠState.€€Š J%š ' Š€€ņ ņ(g)ó ó€ņņ(f)óó€Protective€OrderŠ  &p!( ŠĢą ø ą€€On€motion€of€a€party€or€of€the€witnessŠ Ģ'#* Šand€for€good€cause€shown,€the€court€may€enterŠ ¢(ņ#+ Šany€order€that€justice€requires€to€protectŠ x)Č$, Šthe€party€or€witness€from€annoyance,Š N*ž%- Šembarrassment,€oppression,€or€undue€burden€orŠ $+t&. Šexpense,€including€one€or€more€of€theŠ ś+J'/ Šfollowing:€€Š Š, (0 ŠĢ€€€€(1)€That€the€deposition€not€be€taken;€€Š |.Ģ)2 Š‡€€€€(2)€That€the€deposition€be€taken€only€atŠ ° Šsome€designated€time€or€place,€or€before€aŠ †Ö Šjudge€or€some€other€designated€officer;€€Š \¬ ŠĢ€€€€(3)€That€certain€matters€not€be€inquiredŠ X Šinto€or€that€the€scope€of€the€examination€beŠ Ž. Šlimited€to€certain€matters;€€Š “  ŠĢ€€€€(4)€That€the€examination€be€held€with€noŠ ` ° Šone€present€except€parties€to€the€action€andŠ 6 †  Štheir€counsel;€€Š  \  ŠĢ€€€€(5)€That€the€deposition,€after€beingŠ ø  Šsealed,€be€opened€only€by€order€of€the€court;Š ŽŽ  Šor€€Š d“  ŠĢ€€€€(6)€That€a€trade€secret€or€otherŠ `  Šconfidential€research,€development,€orŠ ę6 Šcommercial€information€not€be€disclosed€or€beŠ ¼  Šdisclosed€only€in€a€designated€way.€€Š ’ā ŠĢ€€ņ ņ(h)ó ó€ņņ(g)óó€UseŠ >Ž ŠĢ€€€€(1)€€Substantive€EvidenceŠ ź: ŠĢą ø ą€€€€At€a€hearing€or€trial,€all€or€partŠ –ę Šof€a€deposition,€so€far€as€otherwiseŠ l¼ Šadmissible€under€the€rules€of€evidence,€mayŠ B’ Šbe€used€as€substantive€evidence€if€the€courtŠ h Šfinds€that€the€witness:€(A)€is€dead,€or€(B)Š ī> Šis€unable€to€attend€or€testify€because€ofŠ Ä Šage,€mental€incapacity,€sickness,€orŠ šź Šinfirmity,€or€(C)€is€present€but€refuses€toŠ pĄ  Štestify€and€cannot€be€compelled€to€testify,Š F –! Šor€(D)€is€absent€from€the€hearing€or€trialŠ !l" Šand€that€the€party€offering€the€depositionŠ ņ!B# Šhas€been€unable€to€procure€the€witness'Š Č"$ Šattendance€by€subpoena€or€other€reasonableŠ ž#ī% Šmeans,€unless€the€absence€was€procured€by€theŠ t$Ä& Šparty€offering€the€deposition.€€Š J%š ' ŠĢ€€€€(2)€€ImpeachmentŠ ö&F") ŠĢą ø ą€€€€At€a€hearing€or€trial,€a€depositionŠ ¢(ņ#+ Šmay€be€used€by€any€party€for€the€purpose€ofŠ x)Č$, Šcontradicting€or€impeaching€the€testimony€ofŠ N*ž%- Šthe€deponent€as€a€witness€to€the€extentŠ $+t&. Špermitted€by€the€rules€of€evidence.€€Š ś+J'/ ŠĢ€€€€(3)€€Partial€UseŠ ¦-ö(1 ŠŠ |.Ģ)2 Šą ø ą€€€€If€only€part€of€a€deposition€isŠ ° Šoffered€in€evidence€by€a€party,€an€adverseŠ †Ö Šparty€may€require€the€offering€party€toŠ \¬ Šintroduce€at€that€time€any€other€part€that€inŠ 2‚ Šfairness€ought€to€be€considered€with€the€partŠ X Šoffered,€so€far€as€otherwise€admissible€underŠ Ž. Šthe€rules€of€evidence,€and€any€party€mayŠ “  Šintroduce€any€other€part€in€accordance€withŠ Š Ś Šthis€Rule.€€Š ` ° ŠĢ€€€€(4)€€Objection€to€AdmissibilityŠ  \  ŠĢą ø ą€€€€Subject€to€Rules€2-412€(e),€2-415Š ø  Š(g)€and€(j),€2-416€(g),€and€2-417€(c),€anŠ ŽŽ  Šobjection€may€be€made€at€the€hearing€or€trialŠ d“  Što€receiving€in€evidence€all€or€part€of€aŠ :Š  Šdeposition€for€any€reason€that€would€requireŠ `  Šthe€exclusion€of€the€evidence€if€the€witnessŠ ę6 Šwere€then€present€and€testifying.€€Š ¼  ŠĢ€€(Ō_ŌiŌ_Ō)€€Joint€DefendantsŠ hø ŠĢą ø ą€€When€persons€are€jointly€tried,€theŠ d Šcourt,€for€good€cause€shown,€may€refuse€toŠ ź: Špermit€the€use€at€trial€of€a€deposition€takenŠ Ą Šat€the€instance€of€one€defendant€over€theŠ –ę Šobjection€of€any€other€defendant.€€Š l¼ ŠĢSource:€€This€Rule€is€derived€as€follows:€€Š h Š€€ņ ņSection€(a)€is€new.ó 󀀩 ī> Š€€Section€ņ ņ(b)ó ó€ņņ(a)óó€is€derived€from€former€RuleŠ Ä Š740€a€and€j.€€Š šź Š€€Section€ņ ņ(c)ó ó€ņņ(b)óó€is€derived€from€former€RuleŠ pĄ  Š740€c.€€Š F –! Š€€Section€ņ ņ(d)ó ó€ņņ(c)óó€is€derived€from€former€RuleŠ !l" Š740€d.€€Š ņ!B# Š€€Section€ņ ņ(e)ó ó€ņņ(d)óó€is€derived€from€former€RuleŠ Č"$ Š740€e.€€Š ž#ī% Š€€Section€ņ ņ(f)ó ó€ņņ(e)óó€is€derived€from€former€RuleŠ t$Ä& Š740€f.€€Š J%š ' Š€€Section€ņ ņ(g)ó ó€ņņ(f)óó€is€derived€from€former€RuleŠ  &p!( Š740€g.€€Š ö&F") Š€€Section€ņ ņ(h)ó ó€ņņ(g)óó€is€derived€from€former€RuleŠ Ģ'#* Š740€h.€€Š ¢(ņ#+ Š€€Section€ņ ņ(Ō_ŌiŌ_Ō)ó ó€ņņ(h)óó€is€derived€from€former€RuleŠ x)Č$, Š740€Ō_ŌiŌ_Ō.€€Š N*ž%- ŠĢĢŅ°` ŅŅ°` Ņą  ąRule€4„261€was€accompanied€by€the€following€Reporterššs€Note.Š Š, (0 ŠĢŅ` °ŅŅ` °ŅŠ  |.Ģ)2 ŠŃ OYŃā  āŃ°°Ńā  āŃ  Ńą ø ąThe€proposed€amendments€to€Rule€4„261Š ° Šallow€a€deposition€in€the€District€CourtŠ †Ö Šunder€the€same€circumstances€under€which€aŠ \¬ Šdeposition€is€allowed€in€a€circuit€court,Š 2‚ Ši.e.,€either€by€agreement€of€the€parties€orŠ X Šby€order€of€court€if€the€court€is€satisfiedŠ Ž. Šthat€a€witness€whose€testimony€may€beŠ “  Šmaterial€may€be€unable€to€attend€a€trial€orŠ Š Ś Šhearing€and€that€the€taking€of€a€depositionŠ ` ° Šis€necessary€to€prevent€a€failure€of€justice.€Š 6 †  ŠDepositions€in€circuit€court€criminal€actionsŠ  \  Šare€rare,€and€the€Criminal€SubcommitteeŠ ā 2  Šbelieves€that€they€will€occur€with€even€lessŠ ø  Šfrequency€in€the€District€Court.€€However,€inŠ ŽŽ  Šcircumstances€such€as€the€impending€militaryŠ d“  Šdeployment€overseas€of€a€key€witness,€theŠ :Š  Šability€to€preserve€the€witnessššs€testimonyŠ `  Šfor€trial€should€not€depend€upon€theŠ ę6 Šagreement€of€the€opposing€party.Š ¼  ŠĢĢŅ°` ŅŅ°` ŅÓÓą  ąThe€Chair€explained€that€the€proposed€changes€to€Rule€4„261Š >Ž Šwill€make€depositions€available€in€certain€circumstances€inŠ ź: ŠDistrict€Court.€€Judge€Norton€added€that€Mr.€Karceski,€theŠ –ę ŠCriminal€Subcommittee€Chair,€who€was€not€present€at€todayššsŠ B’ Šmeeting,€had€been€counsel€in€a€case€where€the€key€witness€wasŠ ī> Šbeing€deployed€to€Iraq,€and€the€case€could€not€be€transferred€toŠ šź Šcircuit€court€in€time€for€the€circuit€rules€to€apply€so€that€theŠ F –! Šwitness€could€be€deposed.€€In€such€extraordinary€circumstances,Š ņ!B# Šthe€court€should€be€able€to€order€a€deposition€of€a€witness€in€aŠ ž#ī% ŠDistrict€Court€case.€€The€Rule€provides€in€section€(a)€that€theŠ J%š ' Šcourt€is€š šsatisfied€that€the€witness€may€be€unable€to€attend€aŠ ö&F") Štrial€or€hearing,€that€the€testimony€may€be€material,€and€thatŠ ¢(ņ#+ Šthe€taking€of€the€deposition€is€necessary€to€prevent€a€failure€ofŠ N*ž%- Šjustice.šš€€This€is€a€sufficient€test€so€that€this€privilege€wouldŠ ś+J'/ Šnot€be€abused.€€It€would€only€be€used€in€rare€circumstances.€€TheŠ ¦-ö(1 ŠChair€remarked€that€this€is€sensible.€€Š ° Šą  ąMr.€Kratovil€noted€that€the€Subcommittee€felt€that€in€theŠ \¬ Švast€majority€of€cases,€the€defendant€could€pray€a€jury€trial,Š X Šhave€the€case€transferred€to€the€circuit€court,€and€obtain€aŠ “  Šdeposition€under€the€circuit€court€rule.€€There€is€no€harm€inŠ ` ° Šallowing€a€deposition€and€keeping€the€case€in€the€District€Court.€Š  \  ŠThe€main€issue€is€the€time€factor.€€This€procedure€is€not€usedŠ ø  Švery€often€in€circuit€court€„„€only€in€extraordinaryŠ d“  Šcircumstances.€€Ms.€Nethercott€added€that€the€people€attendingŠ `  Šthe€Subcommittee€meeting€had€many€collective€years€of€experience,Š ¼  Šand€they€only€knew€of€one€or€two€instances€where€this€was€used.€Š hø ŠCost€issues€are€involved.€€The€Reporter€said€that€in€Mr.Š d ŠKarceskiššs€case,€even€though€he€had€waived€the€preliminaryŠ Ą Šhearing,€the€case€was€not€proceeding€quickly€enough€for€there€toŠ l¼ Šbe€a€transfer€to€the€circuit€court,€a€motion,€and€an€order€of€theŠ h Šcircuit€court.€€The€State€would€not€agree€to€the€deposition,€soŠ Ä Šno€deposition€could€be€taken€in€the€District€Court.€€TheŠ pĄ  ŠSubcommittee€felt€that€the€fact€that€the€other€side€disagrees€isŠ !l" Šnot€a€good€reason€to€prohibit€the€deposition.€€€Š Č"$ Šą  ąThe€Chair€stated€that€since€the€Rule€will€not€be€invokedŠ t$Ä& Švery€often,€it€should€not€cause€any€problems.€€The€CommitteeŠ  &p!( Šapproved€the€Rule€as€presented.Š Ģ'#* Šą  ąThe€Chair€presented€Rule€4„263,€Discovery€in€Circuit€Court,Š x)Č$, Šand€Rule€4„262,€Discovery€in€District€Court,€for€the€CommitteeššsŠ $+t&. Šconsideration.Š Š, (0 ŠŅ` °ŅŅ` °ŅÓÓŠ |.Ģ)2 ŠŃ OYŃā  āŃ°°Ńā  āŃ  Ńą@˜ ˜ ģąMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆŠ ° ŠĢą@ģąTITLE€4€„€CRIMINAL€CAUSESˆŠ \¬ ŠĢą@0 0 ģąCHAPTER€200€„€PRETRIAL€PROCEDURESˆŠ X ŠĢĢą ø ąAMEND€Rule€4„263€to€require€each€partyŠ Š Ś Što€exercise€due€diligence€in€identifyingŠ ` ° Šmaterial€and€information€to€be€disclosed,€toŠ 6 †  Šreletter€certain€sections,€to€add€a€certainŠ  \  Šcross€reference€following€section€(a),€to€addŠ ā 2  Što€section€(b)€a€certain€required€disclosureŠ ø  Šof€witness€statements,€to€add€language€toŠ ŽŽ  Šsubsection€(b)(1)€referring€to€a€certainŠ d“  Šstatute,€to€clarify€the€disclosure€obligationŠ :Š  Šof€the€Stateššs€Attorney€under€subsectionŠ `  Š(b)(2),€to€add€a€certain€Committee€note€andŠ ę6 Šcross€reference€following€subsection€(b)(2),Š ¼  Što€add€to€subsection€(c)(3)€certainŠ ’ā Šrequirements€concerning€the€StateššsŠ hø Šconsultation€with€an€expert,€to€add€toŠ >Ž Šsubsection€(e)(2)€certain€requirementsŠ d Šconcerning€an€expert€that€the€defendantŠ ź: Šexpects€to€call€as€a€witness€at€a€hearing€orŠ Ą Štrial,€to€change€the€time€allowed€in€sectionŠ –ę Š(f)€for€the€Stateššs€initial€disclosureŠ l¼ Špursuant€to€section€(b),€to€add€the€phraseŠ B’ Šš šor€requiredšš€to€section€(g),€to€provide€that€Š h Šordinarily€discovery€material€is€not€filedŠ ī> Šwith€the€court,€to€require€the€filing€of€aŠ Ä Šcertain€notice€by€the€party€generatingŠ šź Šdiscovery€material,€and€to€require€the€filingŠ pĄ  Šof€a€certain€statement€if€the€parties€agreeŠ F –! Što€provide€discovery€or€disclosures€in€aŠ !l" Šmanner€different€than€set€forth€in€the€Rule,Š ņ!B# Šas€follows:Š Č"$ ŠĢĢRule€4-263.€€DISCOVERY€IN€CIRCUIT€COURT€Š J%š ' ŠĢĢą ø ąDiscovery€and€inspection€in€circuitŠ Ģ'#* Šcourt€shall€be€as€follows:€€Š ¢(ņ#+ ŠĢ€€ņ ņ(g)ó ó€ņņ(a)óó€Obligations€of€ņ ņState's€Attorneyó ó€ņņtheŠ N*ž%- ŠPartiesóóŠ $+t&. ŠĢ€€€€ņņ(1)€€GenerallyóóŠ Š, (0 ŠĢą ø ą€€€€ņņEach€party€obligated€to€provideŠ |.Ģ)2 Šmaterial€or€information€under€this€Rule€shallŠ ° Šexercise€due€diligence€to€identify€all€of€theŠ †Ö Šmaterial€and€information€that€must€beŠ \¬ Šdisclosed.ó󀀩 2‚ ŠĢ€€€€ņņ(2)€€Obligations€of€the€Stateššs€AttorneyóóŠ Ž. ŠĢą ø ą€€€€The€obligations€of€the€State'sŠ Š Ś ŠAttorney€under€this€Rule€extend€to€materialŠ ` ° Šand€information€in€the€possession€or€controlŠ 6 †  Šof€the€State's€Attorney€and€staff€members€andŠ  \  Šany€others€who€have€participated€in€theŠ ā 2  Šinvestigation€or€evaluation€of€the€action€andŠ ø  Šwho€either€regularly€report,€or€withŠ ŽŽ  Šreference€to€the€particular€action€haveŠ d“  Šreported,€to€the€office€of€the€State'sŠ :Š  ŠAttorney.Š `  ŠņņĢCross€reference:€€See€ņņState€v.€Williamsóó,€392Š ¼  ŠMd.€194€(2006).ó󀀩 ˜č ŠĢ€€ņ ņ(a)ó ó€ņņ(b)óó€Disclosure€Without€RequestŠ D” ŠĢą ø ą€€Without€the€necessity€of€a€request,Š š@ Šthe€State's€Attorney€shall€furnish€to€theŠ Ę Šdefendant:€€Š œģ ŠĢ€€€€ņņ(1)€The€name€and,€except€as€providedŠ H˜ Šunder€Code,€Criminal€Procedure€Article,€šš11„Š n Š205,€the€address€of€each€person€then€knownŠ ōD Šwhom€the€State€intends€to€call€as€a€witnessŠ Ź Šat€the€hearing€or€trial€to€prove€its€case€inŠ  š Šchief€or€to€rebut€alibi€testimony,€and€as€toŠ vĘ  Šall€statements€made€by€the€witness€to€a€StateŠ L œ! Šagent:€(A)€a€copy€of€each€written€or€recordedŠ "!r" Šstatement€and€(B)€the€substance€of€each€oralŠ ų!H# Šstatement€and€a€copy€of€all€reports€of€eachŠ Ī"$ Šoral€statement;óóŠ ¤#ō% ŠĢ€€€€ņ ņ(1)ó ó€ņņ(2)óó€Any€material€or€informationŠ P%  ' Šņ ņtending€toó ó€ņņin€any€form,€whether€or€notŠ &&v!( Šadmissible,€in€the€possession€or€control€of€aŠ ü&L") ŠState€agent€described€in€subsection€(a)(2)€ofŠ Ņ'"#* Šthis€Rule€that€tends€to:€(A)€exculpate€theŠ Ø(ų#+ Šdefendant;€(B)óó€negate€or€mitigate€the€guiltŠ ~)Ī$, Šor€punishment€of€the€defendant€as€to€theŠ T*¤%- Šoffense€chargedņņ;€or€(C)€allow€the€defendantŠ *+z&. Što€impeach€a€witness€by€proving€(i)€theŠ ,P'/ Šcharacter€of€the€witness€for€untruthfulnessŠ Ö,&(0 Šby€establishing€prior€bad€acts€as€permittedŠ ¬-ü(1 Šunder€Rule€5„608€(b),€(ii)€that€the€witnessŠ ‚.Ņ)2 Šis€biased,€prejudiced,€interested€in€theŠ ° Šoutcome€of€the€proceeding,€or€has€a€motive€toŠ †Ö Štestify€falsely,€or€(iii)€that€the€factsŠ \¬ Šdiffer€from€the€witnessššs€expected€testimony.óóŠ 2‚ ŠņņĢCommittee€note:€Examples€of€material€andŠ Ž. Šinformation€that€constitutionally€must€beŠ “  Šdisclosed€if€within€the€possession€or€controlŠ Š Ś Šof€a€State€agent€described€in€section€(a)€ofŠ ` ° Šthis€Rule€include:€witness€statements€thatŠ 6 †  Šare€mutually€inconsistent;€the€mental€healthŠ  \  Šstatus€of€a€witness€that€may€impair€his€orŠ ā 2  Šher€ability€to€testify€truthfully€orŠ ø  Šaccurately;€pending€charges€against€a€witnessŠ ŽŽ  Šfor€whom€no€deal€was€being€offered€at€theŠ d“  Štime€of€trial;€the€fact€that€a€witness€mayŠ :Š  Šhave€failed€a€polygraph€exam;€the€failure€ofŠ `  Ša€witness€to€make€an€identification;€evidenceŠ ę6 Šthat€might€adversely€impact€the€credibilityŠ ¼  Šof€the€Stateššs€evidence;€and€the€priorŠ ’ā Šcriminal€record€of€a€witness.óóŠ hø ŠĢņņCross€reference:€See€ņņBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373Š d ŠU.S.€83€(1963);€ņņKyles€v.€Whitleyóó,€514€U.S.Š š@ Š419€(1995);€ņņGiglio€v.€U.S.óó,€405€U.S.€150Š Ģ Š(1972);€and€ņņU.S.€v.€Agursóó,€427€U.S.€97Š Øų Š(1976).óóŠ „Ō ŠĢ€€€€ņ ņ(2)ó ó€ņņ(3)óó€Any€relevant€material€orŠ 0€ Šinformation€regarding:€(A)€specific€searchesŠ V Šand€seizures,€wire€taps€or€eavesdropping,€(B)Š Ü, Šthe€acquisition€of€statements€made€by€theŠ ² Šdefendant€to€a€State€agent€that€the€StateŠ ˆŲ  Šintends€to€use€at€a€hearing€or€trial,€and€(C)Š ^ ®! Špretrial€identification€of€the€defendant€by€aŠ 4!„" Šwitness€for€the€State.€€Š  "Z# ŠĢ€€ņ ņ(b)ó ó€ņņ(c)óó€Disclosure€Upon€RequestŠ ¶#% ŠĢą ø ą€€Upon€request€of€the€defendant,€theŠ b%² ' ŠState's€Attorney€shall:€€€€€€Š 8&ˆ!( ŠĢ€€€€ņ ņ(1)€€Witnessesó óŠ ä'4#* ŠĢą ø ą€€€€ņ ņDisclose€to€the€defendant€the€nameŠ )ą$, Šand€address€of€each€person€then€known€whomŠ f*¶%- Šthe€State€intends€to€call€as€a€witness€at€theŠ <+Œ&. Šhearing€or€trial€to€prove€its€case€in€chiefŠ ,b'/ Šor€to€rebut€alibi€testimony;ó 󀀩 č,8(0 ŠĢ€€€€ņ ņ(2)ó ó€ņņ(1)óó€Statements€of€the€DefendantŠ ”.ä)2 Š‡ą ø ą€€€€As€to€all€statements€made€by€theŠ ° Šdefendant€to€a€State€agent€that€the€StateŠ †Ö Šintends€to€use€at€a€hearing€or€trial,€furnishŠ \¬ Što€the€defendantņ ņ,€but€not€file€unless€theŠ 2‚ Šcourt€so€ordersó ó:€(A)€a€copy€of€each€writtenŠ X Šor€recorded€statement,€and€(B)€the€substanceŠ Ž. Šof€each€oral€statement€and€a€copy€of€allŠ “  Šreports€of€each€oral€statement;€€Š Š Ś ŠĢ€€€€ņ ņ(3)ó ó€ņņ(2)óó€Statements€of€CodefendantsŠ 6 †  ŠĢą ø ą€€€€As€to€all€statements€made€by€aŠ ā 2  Šcodefendant€to€a€State€agent€which€the€StateŠ ø  Šintends€to€use€at€a€joint€hearing€or€trial,Š ŽŽ  Šfurnish€to€the€defendantņ ņ,€but€not€file€unlessŠ d“  Šthe€court€so€ordersó ó:€(A)€a€copy€of€eachŠ :Š  Šwritten€or€recorded€statement,€and€(B)€theŠ `  Šsubstance€of€each€oral€statement€and€a€copyŠ ę6 Šof€all€reports€of€each€oral€statement;€€Š ¼  ŠĢ€€€€ņ ņ(4)ó ó€ņņ(3)óó€Reports€or€Statements€of€ExpertsŠ hø ŠĢą ø ą€€€€ņņAs€to€each€expert€consulted€by€theŠ d ŠState€in€connection€with€the€action:€(A)Š ź: Šstate€the€name€and€address€of€the€expert,€theŠ Ą Šsubject€matter€of€the€consultation,€theŠ –ę Šsubstance€of€the€expertššs€findings€andŠ l¼ Šopinions,€and€a€summary€of€the€grounds€forŠ B’ Šeach€opinion,€and€(B)óó€ņ ņProduceó ó€ņņproduceóó€andŠ h Špermit€the€defendant€to€inspect€and€copy€allŠ ī> Šwritten€reports€or€statements€made€inŠ Ä Šconnection€with€the€action€by€ņ ņeachó ó€ņņtheóóŠ šź Šexpertņņ,óó€ņ ņconsulted€by€the€State,ó ó€including€theŠ pĄ  Šresults€of€any€physical€or€mentalŠ F –! Šexamination,€scientific€test,€experiment,€orŠ !l" Šcomparison,€and€furnish€the€defendant€withŠ ņ!B# Šthe€substance€of€any€such€oral€report€andŠ Č"$ Šconclusion;€€Š ž#ī% ŠĢ€€€€ņ ņ(5)ó ó€ņņ(4)óó€Evidence€for€Use€at€TrialŠ J%š ' ŠĢą ø ą€€€€Produce€and€permit€the€defendant€toŠ ö&F") Šinspect,€copy,€and€photograph€any€documents,Š Ģ'#* Šcomputer-generated€evidence€as€defined€inŠ ¢(ņ#+ ŠRule€2-504.3€(a),€recordings,€photographs,€orŠ x)Č$, Šother€tangible€things€that€the€State€intendsŠ N*ž%- Što€use€at€the€hearing€or€trial;€€Š $+t&. ŠĢ€€€€ņ ņ(6)ó ó€ņņ(5)óó€Property€of€the€DefendantŠ Š, (0 ŠĢą ø ą€€€€Produce€and€permit€the€defendant€toŠ |.Ģ)2 Šinspect,€copy,€and€photograph€any€itemŠ ° Šobtained€from€or€belonging€to€the€defendant,Š †Ö Šwhether€or€not€the€State€intends€to€use€theŠ \¬ Šitem€at€the€hearing€or€trial.€€Š 2‚ ŠĢ€€ņ ņ(c)ó ó€ņņ(d)óó€Matters€Not€Subject€to€Discovery€byŠ Ž. Šthe€DefendantŠ “  ŠĢą ø ą€€This€Rule€does€not€require€the€StateŠ ` ° Što€disclose:€€Š 6 †  ŠĢ€€€€(1)€Any€documents€to€the€extent€that€theyŠ ā 2  Šcontain€the€opinions,€theories,€conclusions,Š ø  Šor€other€work€product€of€the€State'sŠ ŽŽ  ŠAttorney,€or€€Š d“  ŠĢ€€€€(2)€The€identity€of€a€confidentialŠ `  Šinformant,€so€long€as€the€failure€to€discloseŠ ę6 Šthe€informant's€identity€does€not€infringe€aŠ ¼  Šconstitutional€right€of€the€defendant€and€theŠ ’ā ŠState's€Attorney€does€not€intend€to€call€theŠ hø Šinformant€as€a€witness,€or€€Š >Ž ŠĢ€€€€(3)€Any€other€matter€if€the€court€findsŠ ź: Šthat€its€disclosure€would€entail€aŠ Ą Šsubstantial€risk€of€harm€to€any€personŠ –ę Šoutweighing€the€interest€in€disclosure.€€Š l¼ ŠĢ€€ņ ņ(d)ó ó€ņņ(e)óó€Discovery€by€the€StateŠ h ŠĢą ø ą€€Upon€the€request€of€the€State,€theŠ Ä Šdefendant€shall:€€Š šź ŠĢ€€€€(1)€€As€to€the€Person€of€the€DefendantŠ F –! ŠĢą ø ą€€€€Appear€in€a€lineup€forŠ ņ!B# Šidentification;€speak€for€identification;€beŠ Č"$ Šfingerprinted;€pose€for€photographs€notŠ ž#ī% Šinvolving€reenactment€of€a€scene;€try€onŠ t$Ä& Šarticles€of€clothing;€permit€the€taking€ofŠ J%š ' Šspecimens€of€material€under€fingernails;Š  &p!( Špermit€the€taking€of€samples€of€blood,€hair,Š ö&F") Šand€other€material€involving€no€unreasonableŠ Ģ'#* Šintrusion€upon€the€defendant's€person;Š ¢(ņ#+ Šprovide€handwriting€specimens;€and€submit€toŠ x)Č$, Šreasonable€physical€or€mental€examination;€€Š N*ž%- ŠĢ€€€€(2)€€Reports€of€ExpertsŠ ś+J'/ ŠĢą ø ą€€€€ņņAs€to€each€expert€whom€the€defendantŠ ¦-ö(1 Šexpects€to€call€as€a€witness€at€a€hearing€orŠ |.Ģ)2 Štrial:€(A)€state€the€name€and€address€of€theŠ ° Šexpert,€the€subject€matter€on€which€theŠ †Ö Šexpert€is€expected€to€testify,€the€substanceŠ \¬ Šof€the€findings€and€the€opinions€to€which€theŠ 2‚ Šexpert€is€expected€to€testify,€and€a€summaryŠ X Šof€the€grounds€for€each€opinion,€and€(B)óó€Š Ž. Šņ ņProduceó ó€ņņproduceóó€and€permit€the€State€toŠ “  Šinspect€and€copy€all€written€reports€made€inŠ Š Ś Šconnection€with€the€action€by€ņ ņeachó ó€ņņtheóóŠ ` ° Šexpertņņ,óó€ņ ņwhom€the€defendant€expects€to€call€asŠ 6 †  Ša€witness€at€the€hearing€or€trial,ó ó€includingŠ  \  Šthe€results€of€any€physical€or€mentalŠ ā 2  Šexamination,€scientific€test,€experiment,€orŠ ø  Šcomparison,€and€furnish€the€State€with€theŠ ŽŽ  Šsubstance€of€any€such€oral€report€andŠ d“  Šconclusion;€€Š :Š  ŠĢ€€€€(3)€€Alibi€WitnessesŠ ę6 ŠĢą ø ą€€€€Upon€designation€by€the€State€of€theŠ ’ā Štime,€place,€and€date€of€the€allegedŠ hø Šoccurrence,€furnish€the€name€and€address€ofŠ >Ž Šeach€person€other€than€the€defendant€whom€theŠ d Šdefendant€intends€to€call€as€a€witness€toŠ ź: Šshow€that€the€defendant€was€not€present€atŠ Ą Šthe€time,€place,€and€date€designated€by€theŠ –ę ŠState€in€its€request.€€Š l¼ ŠĢ€€€€(4)€€Computer-generated€EvidenceŠ h Šą ø ą€€€€Produce€and€permit€the€State€toŠ ī> Šinspect€and€copy€any€computer-generatedŠ Ä Ševidence€as€defined€in€Rule€2-504.3€(a)€thatŠ šź Šthe€defendant€intends€to€use€at€the€hearingŠ pĄ  Šor€trial.€€Š F –! ŠĢ€€ņ ņ(e)ó ó€ņņ(f)óó€Time€for€DiscoveryŠ ņ!B# ŠĢą ø ą€€€ņņUnless€the€court€orders€otherwise,Š ž#ī% Šthe€time€for€discovery€under€this€Rule€shallŠ t$Ä& Šbe€as€set€forth€in€this€section.óó€€The€State'sŠ J%š ' ŠAttorney€shall€make€disclosure€pursuant€toŠ  &p!( Šsection€ņ ņ(a)ó ó€ņņ(b)óó€of€this€Rule€within€ņ ņ25ó ó€ņņ30óóŠ ö&F") Šdays€after€the€earlier€of€the€appearance€ofŠ Ģ'#* Šcounsel€or€the€first€appearance€of€theŠ ¢(ņ#+ Šdefendant€before€the€court€pursuant€to€RuleŠ x)Č$, Š4-213.€€Any€request€by€the€defendant€forŠ N*ž%- Šdiscovery€pursuant€to€section€ņ ņ(b)ó ó€ņņ(c)óó€of€thisŠ $+t&. ŠRule,€and€any€request€by€the€State€forŠ ś+J'/ Šdiscovery€pursuant€to€section€ņ ņ(d)ó ó€ņņ(e)óó€of€thisŠ Š, (0 ŠRule€shall€be€made€within€15€days€after€theŠ ¦-ö(1 Šearlier€of€the€appearance€of€counsel€or€theŠ |.Ģ)2 Šfirst€appearance€of€the€defendant€before€theŠ ° Šcourt€pursuant€to€Rule€4-213.€€The€partyŠ †Ö Šserved€with€the€request€shall€furnish€theŠ \¬ Šdiscovery€within€ten€days€after€service.€€Š 2‚ ŠĢ€€ņ ņ(f)ó ó€ņņ(g)óó€Motion€to€Compel€DiscoveryŠ Ž. ŠĢą ø ą€€If€discovery€is€not€furnished€asŠ Š Ś Šrequested€ņņor€requiredóó,€a€motion€to€compelŠ ` ° Šdiscovery€may€be€filed€within€ten€days€afterŠ 6 †  Šreceipt€of€inadequate€discovery€or€afterŠ  \  Šdiscovery€should€have€been€received,Š ā 2  Šwhichever€is€earlier.€€The€motion€shallŠ ø  Šspecifically€describe€the€requested€mattersŠ ŽŽ  Šthat€have€not€been€furnished.€€A€response€toŠ d“  Šthe€motion€may€be€filed€within€five€daysŠ :Š  Šafter€service€of€the€motion.€€The€court€needŠ `  Šnot€consider€any€motion€to€compel€discoveryŠ ę6 Šunless€the€moving€party€has€filed€aŠ ¼  Šcertificate€describing€good€faith€attempts€toŠ ’ā Šdiscuss€with€the€opposing€party€theŠ hø Šresolution€of€the€dispute€and€certifying€thatŠ >Ž Šthey€are€unable€to€reach€agreement€on€theŠ d Šdisputed€issues.€€The€certificate€shallŠ ź: Šinclude€the€date,€time,€and€circumstances€ofŠ Ą Šeach€discussion€or€attempted€discussion.€€Š –ę ŠĢ€€(h)€€Continuing€Duty€to€DiscloseŠ B’ ŠĢą ø ą€€A€party€who€has€responded€to€a€requestŠ ī> Šor€order€for€discovery€and€who€obtainsŠ Ä Šfurther€material€information€shall€supplementŠ šź Šthe€response€promptly.€€Š pĄ  ŠĢ€€ņņ(i)€€Filing€With€CourtóóŠ !l" ŠĢą ø ą€€ņņExcept€as€otherwise€provided€in€theseŠ Č"$ ŠRules€or€by€order€of€court,€discoveryŠ ž#ī% Šmaterial€shall€not€be€filed€with€the€court.€Š t$Ä& ŠInstead,€the€party€generating€the€discoveryŠ J%š ' Šmaterial€shall€serve€the€discovery€materialŠ  &p!( Šon€the€other€party€and€promptly€shall€fileŠ ö&F") Šwith€the€court€a€notice€that€(1)€reasonablyŠ Ģ'#* Šidentifies€the€information€provided€and€(2)Š ¢(ņ#+ Šstates€the€date€and€manner€of€service.€€TheŠ x)Č$, Šparty€generating€the€discovery€material€shallŠ N*ž%- Šmake€the€original€available€for€inspectionŠ $+t&. Šand€copying€by€the€other€party,€and€shallŠ ś+J'/ Šretain€the€original€until€the€expiration€ofŠ Š, (0 Šany€sentence€imposed€on€the€defendant.€€ThisŠ ¦-ö(1 Šsection€does€not€preclude€the€use€ofŠ |.Ģ)2 Šdiscovery€material€at€trial€or€as€an€exhibitŠ ° Što€support€or€oppose€a€motion.€€If€theŠ †Ö Šparties€agree€to€provide€discovery€orŠ \¬ Šdisclosures€in€a€manner€different€than€setŠ 2‚ Šforth€in€this€Rule,€the€parties€shall€fileŠ X Šwith€the€court€a€statement€of€theirŠ Ž. Šagreement.óóŠ “  ŠĢ€€ņ ņ(i)ó ó€ņņ(j)óó€Protective€OrdersŠ ` ° ŠĢą ø ą€€On€motion€and€for€good€cause€shown,Š  \  Šthe€court€may€order€that€specifiedŠ ā 2  Šdisclosures€be€restricted.€€Š ø  ŠĢ€€ņņ(k)€€SanctionsóóŠ d“  ŠĢą ø ą€€If€at€any€time€during€the€proceedingsŠ `  Šthe€court€finds€that€a€party€has€failed€toŠ ę6 Šcomply€with€this€Rule€or€an€order€issuedŠ ¼  Špursuant€to€this€Rule,€the€court€may€orderŠ ’ā Šthat€party€to€permit€the€discovery€of€theŠ hø Šmatters€not€previously€disclosed,€strike€theŠ >Ž Štestimony€to€which€the€undisclosed€matterŠ d Šrelates,€grant€a€reasonable€continuance,Š ź: Šprohibit€the€party€from€introducing€inŠ Ą Ševidence€the€matter€not€disclosed,€grant€aŠ –ę Šmistrial,€or€enter€any€other€orderŠ l¼ Šappropriate€under€the€circumstances.€€Š B’ ŠĢSource:€€ņ ņThis€Rule€is€derived€as€follows:ó 󀀩 ī> Š€€ņ ņSection€(g)ņņóó€is€derivedņņóó€from€former€Rule€741Š Ä Ša€3.ó ó€Š šź Š€€ņ ņSection€(a)€is€derived€from€former€Rule€741Š pĄ  Ša€1€and€2.ó 󀀩 F –! Š€€ņ ņSection€(b)€is€derived€from€former€Rule€741Š !l" Šb.ó 󀀩 ņ!B# Š€€ņ ņSection€(c)€is€derived€from€former€Rule€741Š Č"$ Šc.ó 󀀩 ž#ī% Š€€ņ ņSection€(d)€is€derived€in€part€from€formerŠ t$Ä& ŠRule€741€d€and€is€in€part€new.ó 󀀩 J%š ' Š€€ņ ņSection€(e)€is€derived€from€former€Rule€741Š  &p!( Še€1.ó 󀀩 ö&F") Š€€ņ ņSection€(f)€is€derived€from€former€Rule€741Š Ģ'#* Še€2.ó 󀀩 ¢(ņ#+ Š€€ņ ņSection€(h)€is€derived€from€former€Rule€741Š x)Č$, Šf.ó 󀀩 N*ž%- Š€€ņ ņSection€(i)€is€derived€from€former€Rule€741Š $+t&. Šg.ó óŠ ś+J'/ ŠņņThis€Rule€is€derived€in€part€from€former€RuleŠ Š, (0 Š741€and€is€in€part€new.óóŠ ¦-ö(1 ŠŠ |.Ģ)2 Š‡Ņ°` ŅŅ°` Ņą  ąRule€4„263€was€accompanied€by€the€following€Reporterššs€Note.Š ° ŠĢŅ` °ŅŅ` °Ņą ø ąAlbert€D.€Brault,€Esq.€brought€to€theŠ \¬ Šattention€of€the€Rules€Committee€a€2003Š 2‚ ŠReport€of€the€American€College€of€TrialŠ X ŠLawyers,€describing€the€problem€that€someŠ Ž. Šfederal€prosecutors€fail€to€provideŠ “  Šinformation€required€to€be€furnished€to€aŠ Š Ś Šcriminal€defendant€pursuant€to€ņņBrady€v.Š ` ° ŠMarylandóó,€373€U.S.€83€(1963).€€Mr.€BraultŠ < Œ  Šspoke€with€local€criminal€defense€attorneysŠ  h  Šin€Montgomery€County,€who€noted€similarŠ ī >  Šproblems€with€some€State€prosecutors.€€ToŠ Ä  Šaddress€this,€the€Honorable€Albert€J.Š šź  ŠMatricciani€and€the€Honorable€M.€BrookeŠ pĄ  ŠMurdock,€Judges€of€the€Circuit€Court€forŠ F–  ŠBaltimore€City,€drafted€proposed€changes€toŠ l  ŠRule€4„263,€the€concept€of€which€has€beenŠ ņB Šapproved€by€the€Rules€Committee.€€The€Š Č Šproposed€amendments€to€Rule€4„263€blendŠ žī Šlanguage€suggested€by€Judges€Matricciani€andŠ tÄ ŠMurdock€with€additional€changes€developed€byŠ Jš Šthe€Committee.Š  p ŠĢą ø ąCurrent€section€(g),€Obligations€ofŠ Ģ ŠStateššs€Attorney,€is€proposed€to€be€amendedŠ ¢ņ Što€require€that€each€party€who€is€obligatedŠ xČ Što€provide€material€or€information€under€theŠ Nž ŠRule€exercise€due€diligence€in€identifyingŠ $t Šthe€material€and€information€to€be€disclosed.€Š śJ ŠBecause€of€the€importance€of€this€obligation,Š Š  Šsection€(g)€is€proposed€to€be€moved€to€theŠ ¦ö Šbeginning€of€the€Rule€and€relettered€(a).€€AŠ |Ģ  Šcross€reference€to€ņņState€v.€Williamsóó,€392€Md.Š R ¢! Š194€(2006)€is€proposed€to€be€added€followingŠ .!~" Šthe€section€to€highlight€that€the€StateššsŠ "T# Šobligations€under€the€Rule€extend€beyond€theŠ Ś"*$ Šknowledge€of€the€individual€Assistant€StateššsŠ °#% ŠAttorney€prosecuting€the€case.Š †$Ö& ŠĢą ø ąDisclosure€of€the€identity€of€theŠ 2&‚!( ŠStateššs€witnesses,€which€currently€is€in€theŠ 'X") Šš šDisclosure€Upon€Requestšš€section€of€theŠ Ž'.#* ŠRule,€is€proposed€to€be€moved€to€theŠ “($+ Šš šDisclosure€Without€Requestšš€section,€as€newŠ Š)Ś$, Šsubsection€(b)(1).€€A€reference€to€Code,Š `*°%- ŠCriminal€Procedure€Article,€šš11„205,Š 6+†&. Šconcerning€withholding€of€a€witnessššs€addressŠ  ,\'/ Šunder€certain€circumstances€is€added€to€theŠ ā,2(0 Šsection.€€Given€the€difficulty€of€analyzingŠ ø-)1 Šeach€statement€made€by€a€Stateššs€witness€asŠ Ž.Ž)2 Što€anything€that€conceivably€would€beŠ ° Šconsidered€š šņņBradyó󚚀material,€coupled€with€theŠ †Ö Šrequirement€of€disclosure€of€prior€writtenŠ b² Šstatements€by€witnesses€as€set€forth€in€ņņJenksŠ 8ˆ Šv.€U.S.óó,€353€U.S.€657€(1957),€the€CommitteeŠ d Šrecommends€that€ņņallóó€written€and€oralŠ š@ Šstatements€by€a€witness€whom€the€StateŠ Ģ  Šintends€to€call€to€prove€its€case„in„chief€orŠ ¢ ņ Što€rebut€alibi€testimony€be€disclosed€withoutŠ x Č Šthe€necessity€of€a€request€by€the€defendant.Š N ž  ŠĢą ø ąAmendments€to€subsection€(b)(2)€areŠ ś J  Šproposed€to€clarify€the€Stateššs€disclosureŠ Š  Šrequirements€under€ņņBradyóó€and€it€progeny.€Š ¦ö  ŠSubsections€(b)(2)(C)(i),€(ii),€and€(iii)€areŠ ‚Ņ  Šderived€from€the€š šimpeachment€by€inquiry€ofŠ XØ  Šwitnessšš€provisions€of€Rule€5„616€(a)(6)(i),Š .~  Š(4),€and€(2),€respectively.€€A€Committee€noteŠ T Šcontaining€examples€of€ņņš šBradyššņņóóóó€materials€thatŠ Ś* Šmust€be€disclosed€follows€subsection€(b)(2).€Š ¶ ŠThe€Committee€note€uses€examples€contained€inŠ ŒÜ Šcorrespondence€dated€October€25,€2005€fromŠ b² ŠNancy€S.€Forster,€Public€Defender,€to€ChiefŠ 8ˆ ŠJudge€Robert€M.€Bell.€€Also€followingŠ ^ Šsubsection€(b)(2)€is€a€cross€reference€toŠ ä4 ŠņņBradyóó€and€to€three€additional€opinions€of€theŠ ŗ  ŠU.S.€Supreme€Court.Š –ę ŠĢą ø ąUsing€language€borrowed€from€Rule€2„402Š B’ Š(f)(1)(A),€subsection€(c)(3)€is€proposed€toŠ h Šbe€amended€to€require€the€State€(upon€requestŠ ī> Šby€the€defendant)€to€disclose,€as€to€eachŠ Ä Šexpert€consulted€by€the€State€in€connectionŠ šź  Šwith€the€action,€the€subject€matter€of€theŠ p Ą! Šconsultation,€the€substance€of€the€expertššsŠ F!–" Šfindings€and€opinions,€and€a€summary€of€theŠ "l# Šgrounds€for€each€opinion.€€This€requirementŠ ņ"B$ Šis€intended€to€address€the€situation€in€whichŠ Č#% Šlittle€or€no€information€is€received€by€theŠ ž$ī& Šdefendant€because€of€the€absence€of€aŠ t%Ä ' Šmeaningful€written€report.€€A€comparableŠ J&š!( Šamendment€is€proposed€to€be€made€toŠ  'p") Šsubsection€(e)(2),€pertaining€to€disclosureŠ ö'F#* Šof€the€defendantššs€expertššs€information€uponŠ Ģ($+ Šrequest€by€the€State,€except€that€inŠ ¢)ņ$, Šsubsection€(e)(2),€the€requirement€toŠ x*Č%- Šdisclose€extends€only€to€information€from€anŠ N+ž&. Šexpert€that€the€defendant€expects€to€call€asŠ $,t'/ Ša€witness.Š ś,J(0 ŠĢą ø ąIn€section€(f),€the€time€requirementsŠ ¦.ö)2 Šfor€discovery€under€the€Rule€are€proposed€toŠ ° Šbe€made€subject€to€the€phrase€š šunless€theŠ †Ö Šcourt€orders€otherwise.šš€€Also,€the€time€forŠ \¬ Šthe€initial€disclosure€by€the€State€isŠ 2‚ Šchanged€from€25€to€30€days€after€the€earlierŠ X Šof€the€appearance€of€counsel€or€the€firstŠ Ž. Šappearance€of€the€defendant€before€the€courtŠ “  Špursuant€to€Rule€4„213,€for€consistency€withŠ Š Ś Šother€time€provisions€used€throughout€theŠ ` ° ŠRules.Š 6 †  ŠĢą ø ąThe€words€š šor€requiredšš€are€proposed€toŠ ā 2  Šbe€added€to€section€(g)€to€clarify€that€aŠ ø  Šmotion€to€compel€discovery€may€be€based€on€€aŠ ŽŽ  Šfailure€to€provide€required€discovery€as€wellŠ d“  Šas€a€failure€to€provide€requested€discovery.Š :Š  ŠĢą ø ąProposed€new€section€(i)€provides€that,Š ę6 Šwith€certain€exceptions,€discovery€materialŠ ¼  Šis€not€filed€with€the€court.€€In€light€of€theŠ ’ā Šadoption€of€Title€16,€Chapter€1000,€Access€toŠ hø ŠCourt€Records,€proposed€new€section€(i)€isŠ >Ž Šintended€to€eliminate€the€inclusion€ofŠ d Šunnecessary€materials€in€court€files€andŠ ź: Šreduce€the€amount€of€material€in€the€filesŠ Ą Šfor€which€redaction,€sealing,€or€other€denialŠ –ę Šof€inspection€would€be€required.€€The€non„Š l¼ Šfiling€of€discovery€information€conforms€theŠ B’ ŠRule€to€current€practice€in€manyŠ h Šjurisdictions.€€Much€of€the€language€of€theŠ ī> Šsection€is€borrowed€from€the€first,€third,Š Ä Šand€fourth€sentences€of€Rule€2„401€(d)(2);Š šź Šhowever,€the€required€contents€of€the€noticeŠ pĄ  Šthat€the€party€generating€discovery€materialŠ F –! Šmust€file€with€the€court€have€been€modifiedŠ !l" Šby€adding€the€requirement€that€the€noticeŠ ņ!B# Šmust€š šreasonably€identif[y]€the€informationŠ Č"$ Šprovidedšš€and€by€deleting€the€references€toŠ ž#ī% Šthe€š štype€of€discovery€material€servedšš€andŠ t$Ä& Šš šthe€party€or€person€served.šš€€Additionally,Š J%š ' Šthe€retention€requirement€as€to€originalŠ  &p!( Šmaterials€extends€š šuntil€the€expiration€ofŠ ö&F") Šany€sentence€imposed€on€the€defendant.šš€€TheŠ Ģ'#* Šlast€sentence€of€the€section€requires€theŠ ¢(ņ#+ Šparties€to€file€with€the€court€a€statement€ofŠ x)Č$, Šany€agreement€that€they€make€as€to€providingŠ N*ž%- Šdiscovery€or€disclosures€different€than€setŠ $+t&. Šforth€in€the€Rule.Š ś+J'/ ŠĢŠ  ¦-ö(1 Šą ø ąThe€Committee€recommends€that€theŠ ° Šexisting€provisions€in€the€Rule€concerningŠ †Ö Šsanctions€be€set€out€in€a€separate€sectionŠ \¬ Š(k).Š 2‚ ŠĢĢĢą@˜ ˜ ģąMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆŠ Š Ś ŠĢą@ģąTITLE€4€„€CRIMINAL€CAUSESˆŠ 6 †  ŠĢą@0 0 ģąCHAPTER€200€„€PRETRIAL€PROCEDURESˆŠ ā 2  ŠĢĢą ø ąAMEND€Rule€4„262€to€require€each€partyŠ d“  Što€exercise€due€diligence€in€identifyingŠ :Š  Šmaterial€and€information€to€be€disclosed,€toŠ `  Šreletter€certain€sections,€to€add€a€certainŠ ę6 Šcross€reference€following€section€(a),€to€addŠ ¼  Šlanguage€to€section€(b)€referring€to€aŠ ’ā Šcertain€statute€and€Rule,€to€clarify€theŠ hø Šdisclosure€obligation€of€the€Stateššs€AttorneyŠ >Ž Šunder€subsection€(b)(1),€to€revise€a€certainŠ d ŠCommittee€note€following€section€(b),€and€toŠ ź: Šprovide€that€ordinarily€discovery€material€isŠ Ą Šnot€filed€with€the€court,€as€follows:Š –ę ŠĢĢRule€4„262.€€DISCOVERY€IN€DISTRICT€COURTŠ h ŠĢĢ€€ņ ņ(c)ó ó€ņņ(a)óó€Obligations€of€the€ņ ņState's€Attorneyó óŠ šź ŠņņPartiesóóŠ pĄ  ŠĢ€€€€ņņ(1)€€GenerallyóóŠ !l" ŠĢą ø ą€€€€ņņEach€party€obligated€to€provideŠ Č"$ Šmaterial€or€information€under€this€Rule€shallŠ ž#ī% Šexercise€due€diligence€to€identify€all€of€theŠ t$Ä& Šmaterial€and€information€that€must€beŠ J%š ' Šdisclosed.ó󀀩  &p!( ŠĢ€€€€ņņ(2)€€Obligations€of€the€Stateššs€AttorneyóóŠ Ģ'#* ŠĢą ø ą€€€€The€obligations€of€the€State'sŠ x)Č$, ŠAttorney€under€this€Rule€extend€to€materialŠ N*ž%- Šand€information€in€the€possession€or€controlŠ $+t&. Šof€the€State's€Attorney€and€staff€members€andŠ ś+J'/ Šany€others€who€have€participated€in€theŠ Š, (0 Šinvestigation€or€evaluation€of€the€action€andŠ ¦-ö(1 Šwho€either€regularly€report,€or€withŠ |.Ģ)2 Šreference€to€the€particular€action€haveŠ ° Šreported,€to€the€office€of€the€State'sŠ †Ö ŠAttorney.Š \¬ ŠņņĢCross€reference:€See€ņņState€v.€Williamsóó,€329Š X ŠMd.€194€(2006).óóŠ ä4 ŠĢ€€ņ ņ(a)ó ó€ņņ(b)óó€ScopeŠ  ą ŠĢą ø ą€€Discovery€and€inspection€pursuant€toŠ < Œ  Šthis€Rule€is€available€in€the€District€CourtŠ  b  Šin€actions€for€offenses€that€are€punishableŠ č 8  Šby€imprisonment,€andņņ,€except€as€providedŠ ¾  Šunder€Code,€Criminal€Procedure€Article,€šš11„Š ”ä  Š205€or€Rule€16„1009€(b),óó€shall€be€as€follows:€Š jŗ  ŠĢ€€€€(1)€The€State's€Attorney€shall€furnish€toŠ f  Šthe€defendant€any€material€or€informationŠ ģ< Šņ ņthat€tends€to€negate€or€mitigate€the€guilt€orŠ Ā Špunishment€of€the€defendant€as€to€the€offenseŠ ˜č Šchargedó ó€ņņprovided€for€in€Rule€4„263€(b)(2)óó.Š n¾ ŠĢ€€€€(2)€Upon€request€of€the€defendant€theŠ j ŠState's€Attorney€shall€permit€the€defendantŠ š@ Što€inspect€and€copy€(A)€any€portion€of€aŠ Ę Šdocument€containing€a€statement€or€containingŠ œģ Šthe€substance€of€a€statement€made€by€theŠ rĀ Šdefendant€to€a€State€agent€that€the€StateŠ H˜ Šintends€to€use€at€trial€or€at€any€hearingŠ n Šother€than€a€preliminary€hearing€and€(B)€eachŠ ōD Šwritten€report€or€statement€made€by€an€expertŠ Ź Šwhom€the€State€expects€to€call€as€a€witnessŠ  š Šat€a€hearing,€other€than€a€preliminaryŠ vĘ  Šhearing,€or€trial.€€Š L œ! ŠĢ€€€€(3)€Upon€request€of€the€State€theŠ ų!H# Šdefendant€shall€permit€any€discovery€orŠ Ī"$ Šinspection€specified€in€subsection€ņ ņ(d)(1)ó óŠ ¤#ō% Šņņ(e)(1)óó€of€Rule€4-263.€€Š z$Ź& ŠĢCommittee€note:€€This€Rule€is€not€intended€toŠ &&v!( Šlimit€the€constitutional€requirement€ofŠ ü&L") Šdisclosure€by€the€State.€€ņ ņSee€ņņBrady€v.€State,óóŠ Ņ'"#* Š226€Md.€422,€174€A.2d€167€(1961),€aff'd,€373Š ®(ž#+ ŠU.S.€83,€83€S.€Ct.€1194,€10€L.€Ed.€2d€215Š „)Ō$, Š(1963).ó ó€€ņņSee€ņņBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373€U.S.€83Š Z*Ŗ%- Š(1963);€ņņKyles€v.€Whitleyóó,€514€U.S.€419Š 6+†&. Š(1995);€ņņGiglio€v.€U.S.óó,€405€U.S.€150€(1972);Š ,b'/ Šand€ņņU.S.€v.€Agursóó,€427€U.S.€97€(1976).óóŠ ī,>(0 ŠĢ€€ņ ņ(b)ó ó€ņņ(c)óó€ProcedureŠ  .š)2 Š‡ą ø ą€€The€discovery€and€inspection€requiredŠ ° Šor€permitted€by€this€Rule€shall€be€completedŠ †Ö Šbefore€the€hearing€or€trial.€€A€request€forŠ \¬ Šdiscovery€and€inspection€and€response€needŠ 2‚ Šnot€be€in€writing€and€need€not€be€filed€withŠ X Šthe€court.€€If€a€request€was€made€before€theŠ Ž. Šdate€of€the€hearing€or€trial€and€the€requestŠ “  Šwas€refused€or€denied,€the€court€may€grant€aŠ Š Ś Šdelay€or€continuance€in€the€hearing€or€trialŠ ` ° Što€permit€the€inspection€or€discovery.Š 6 †  ŠĢ€€ņņ(d)€€Not€to€be€Filed€With€CourtóóŠ ā 2  ŠĢą ø ą€€ņņExcept€as€otherwise€provided€in€theseŠ ŽŽ  ŠRules€or€by€order€of€court,€discoveryŠ d“  Šmaterial€shall€not€be€filed€with€the€court.€Š :Š  ŠInstead,€the€party€generating€the€discoveryŠ `  Šmaterial€shall€(1)€serve€the€discoveryŠ ę6 Šmaterial€on€the€other€party,€(2)€make€theŠ ¼  Šoriginal€available€for€inspection€and€copyingŠ ’ā Šby€the€other€party,€and€(3)€retain€theŠ hø Šoriginal€until€the€expiration€of€any€sentenceŠ >Ž Šimposed€on€the€defendant.€€This€section€doesŠ d Šnot€preclude€the€use€of€discovery€material€atŠ ź: Štrial€or€as€exhibits€to€support€or€opposeŠ Ą Šmotions.óóŠ –ę ŠĢSource:€€This€Rule€is€new.Š B’ ŠĢĢŅ°` ŅŅ°` Ņą  ąRule€4„262€was€accompanied€by€the€following€Reporterššs€Note.Š Ä ŠĢŅ` °ŅŅ` °Ņą ø ąThe€proposed€amendments€to€Rule€4„262Š pĄ  Štrack€the€proposed€amendments€to€Rule€4„263,Š F –! Što€the€extent€the€Committee€believesŠ !l" Šdesirable€in€the€District€Court.Š ņ!B# ŠĢą ø ąSection€(c)€of€Rule€4„262€is€proposed€toŠ ž#ī% Šbe€moved€to€the€beginning€of€the€Rule€andŠ t$Ä& Šrelettered€(a).€€The€amended€language€of€theŠ J%š ' Šsection€tracks€the€language€of€the€comparableŠ  &p!( Šamendments€to€Rule€4„263,€verbatim.€€As€inŠ ö&F") Šthe€proposed€amendment€to€Rule€4„263,€a€crossŠ Ģ'#* Šreference€to€ņņState€v.€Williamsóó,€392€Md.€194Š ¢(ņ#+ Š(2006)€is€added€following€the€section.Š ~)Ī$, ŠĢą ø ąIn€section€(b),€a€reference€to€Code,Š *+z&. ŠCriminal€Procedure€Article,€šš11„205€isŠ ,P'/ Šproposed€to€be€added€for€the€reason€stated€inŠ Ö,&(0 Šthe€Reporterššs€note€to€Rule€4„263.Š ¬-ü(1 ŠŠ ‚.Ņ)2 Šą ø ąSubsection€(b)(1)€is€proposed€to€beŠ ° Šamended€to€clarify€that€the€disclosureŠ †Ö Šobligations€of€ņņBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373€U.S.€83Š \¬ Š(1963)€and€its€progeny€apply€in€the€DistrictŠ 8ˆ ŠCourt,€as€well€as€in€circuit€court.€€TheŠ ^ Šamendment€requires€the€Stateššs€Attorney€toŠ ä4 Šfurnish€to€the€defendant€the€material€andŠ ŗ  Šinformation€provided€for€in€Rule€4„263Š  ą Š(b)(2).€€References€to€three€additionalŠ f ¶ Šopinions€of€the€U.S.€Supreme€Court€areŠ < Œ  Šproposed€to€be€added€to€the€Committee€noteŠ  b  Šfollowing€section€(b).Š č 8  ŠĢą ø ąProposed€new€section€(d)€is€added€forŠ ”ä  Šthe€reasons€stated€in€the€Reporterššs€note€toŠ jŗ  ŠRule€4„263€(i).€€Due€to€the€volume€of€casesŠ @  Šin€the€District€Court,€Stateššs€AttorneysŠ f  Šbelieve€that€the€requirement€of€filing€aŠ ģ< Šnotice€that€š šreasonably€identifies€theŠ Ā Šmaterials€furnished€and€states€the€date€andŠ ˜č Šmanner€of€service,šš€which€is€included€inŠ n¾ Šproposed€new€section€(i)€of€Rule€4„263,€wouldŠ D” Šbe€burdensome€in€Rule€4„262.€€The€CommitteeŠ j Šagrees,€and€has€excluded€this€requirementŠ š@ Šfrom€the€provisions€of€Rule€4„262€(d).€€AlsoŠ Ę Šomitted€from€section€(d)€of€Rule€4„262€is€theŠ œģ Šlast€sentence€of€Rule€4„263€(i),€whichŠ rĀ Šrequires€the€parties€to€file€a€statement€ofŠ H˜ Štheir€agreement€with€the€Court€if€they€agreeŠ n Što€provide€discovery€or€disclosures€in€aŠ ōD Šmanner€different€than€set€forth€in€the€Rule.Š Ź ŠĢŌ‡XtXX XtŌĢŌ#† XtXXXt+#ŌŅ°` ŅŅ°` ŅÓÓą  ąThe€Chair€told€the€Committee€that€the€Criminal€SubcommitteeŠ L œ! Šand€the€consultants€had€reached€a€consensus€as€to€the€proposedŠ ų!H# Šchanges€to€the€Rule.€€The€š šdue€diligencešš€clause€will€be€placedŠ ¤#ō% Šat€the€beginning€of€the€Rule,€since€it€is€expressly€applicable€toŠ P%  ' Šboth€parites.€€A€cross€reference€to€ņņState€v.€Williamsóó,€392€Md.Š ü&L") Š194€(2006)€has€been€added€at€the€end€of€section€(a).Š “($+ Šą  ąJudge€Matricciani€asked€whether€there€is€a€writing€thatŠ `*°%- Šmemorializes€the€material€that€is€disclosed,€and€the€ReporterŠ  ,\'/ Šanswered€that€in€circuit€court€cases,€there€must€be€a€writingŠ ø-)1 Šthat€š šreasonably€identifiesšš€the€information€provided.€€There€isŠ ° Šno€comparable€provision€for€District€Court€cases.€€The€ChairŠ \¬ Šcommented€that€this€is€still€a€potential€problem.€€Discovery€thatŠ X Šis€served€on€the€defendant€but€is€not€in€the€file€may€be€inŠ “  Šquestion€10€years€later€if€a€post€conviction€issue€is€exactlyŠ ` ° Šwhat€was€provided.€€Under€the€old€system,€the€court€fileŠ  \  Šcontained€everything.€€With€electronic€access€to€files,€there€isŠ ø  Šconcern€about€who€may€be€looking€at€certain€information€in€theŠ d“  Šfiles;€therefore,€discovery€materials€are€not€placed€in€the€courtŠ `  Šfiles.€€The€problem€downstream€is€that€in€a€post€conviction€orŠ ¼  Šņņcoram€nobisóó€proceeding,€how€can€the€court€determine€what€wasŠ hø Šserved€on€the€defendant?€€At€the€last€Rules€Committee€meeting,Š  p Šprosecutors€from€Baltimore€City,€and€Robert€Dean,€Esq.,€then€theŠ Ģ Šprosecutorial€representative€on€the€Committee,€discussed€theŠ xČ Šissue€of€case€retention.€€One€suggestion€for€the€amount€of€timeŠ $t Šthe€parties€should€retain€the€original€discovery€materials€wasŠ Š  Šfor€the€length€of€time€that€the€defendant€is€incarcerated€or€isŠ |Ģ  Šon€probation.€€A€problem€is€that€the€prosecutors€often€do€notŠ (!x" Šhave€space€to€retain€the€materials€for€long€periods.€€Mr.Š Ō"$$ ŠKratovil€asked€if€the€period€to€retain€the€materials€could€be€10Š €$Š& Šyears,€since€that€is€the€period€within€which€one€must€file€a€postŠ ,&|!( Šconviction€proceeding.€€€Š Ų'(#* Šą  ąThe€Chair€said€that€the€problem€has€been€created€becauseŠ „)Ō$, Šdiscovery€material€is€no€longer€being€filed.€€Judge€MatriccianiŠ 0+€&. Šreferred€to€the€notice€required€to€be€filed€in€section€(i).€€AsŠ Ü,,(0 Šlong€as€the€list€of€information€is€explicit,€the€judge€in€a€postŠ ˆ.Ų)2 Šconviction€proceeding€can€determine€what€material€had€beenŠ ° Šprovided€to€the€defendant€in€the€original€proceeding.€€AŠ \¬ Šboilerplate€checklist€is€not€going€to€be€helpful.Š X Šą  ąJudge€Dryden€noted€that€Mr.€Dean€had€said€that€he€would€askŠ “  Šother€Stateššs€Attorneys€how€they€handle€the€file€retention€issue.€Š ` ° ŠMr.€Kratovil€commented€that€in€his€county,€retention€is€not€aŠ  \  Šproblem,€but€it€is€in€the€larger€jurisdictions.€€The€Vice€ChairŠ ø  Špointed€out€that€Code,€State€Government€Article,€šš10„637€ņņet€seq.óóŠ d“  Špertains€to€the€retention€of€documents.€€Ms.€Nethercott€commentedŠ l  Šthat€in€her€office,€the€files€are€retained€for€12€years.€€TheŠ Č ŠVice€Chair€inquired€as€to€whether€there€is€a€file€retentionŠ tÄ Špolicy€in€the€Offices€of€the€Stateššs€Attorneys.€€The€Chair€saidŠ  p Šthat€there€is€no€statutory€obligation€on€the€part€of€theŠ Ģ Šprosecutor€to€hold€onto€a€file.€€Mr.€Kratovil€remarked€that€aŠ xČ Šprosecutor€destroys€files€at€his€or€her€own€peril.€Š $t Šą  ąThe€Reporter€said€that€section€(i)€is€derived€fromŠ Š  Šsubsection€(d)(2)€of€Rule€2„401,€General€Provisions€GoverningŠ |Ģ  ŠDiscovery.€€That€Rule€provides€that€in€lieu€of€filing€discoveryŠ (!x" Šmaterials€with€the€court,€Š Ō"$$ ŠŅ` °ŅŅ` °ŅÓÓthe€party€generating€the€discovery€materialŠ €$Š& Šshall€serve€the€discovery€material€on€allŠ V%¦ ' Šother€parties€and€promptly€file€with€theŠ ,&|!( Šcourt€a€notice€stating€(A)€the€type€ofŠ 'R") Šdiscovery€material€served,€(B)€the€date€andŠ Ų'(#* Šmanner€of€service,€and€(C)€the€party€orŠ ®(ž#+ Šperson€served.€€The€party€generating€theŠ „)Ō$, Šdiscovery€material€shall€retain€the€originalŠ Z*Ŗ%- Šand€shall€make€it€available€for€inspection€byŠ 0+€&. Šany€other€party.€€Š ,V'/ ŠĢŅ°` ŅŅ°` ŅÓÓIn€the€civil€context,€discovery€materials€are€retained€until€theŠ ²-)1 Šlitigation€has€ended.€€How€long€should€the€materials€be€retainedŠ ° Šin€a€criminal€case?€€The€Chair€pointed€out€that€proposed€sectionŠ \¬ Š(i)€provides€that€the€party€generating€the€discovery€materialŠ X Šshall€retain€the€original€until€the€expiration€of€any€sentenceŠ “  Šimposed€on€the€defendant.€€Ms.€Nethercott€commented€that€furtherŠ ` ° Šinformation€may€be€needed€before€a€decision€as€to€how€long€toŠ  \  Šhold€onto€discovery€materials€criminal€cases€can€be€made.€€Š ø  Šą  ąThe€Chair€commented€that€when€the€Rule€is€considered€by€theŠ d“  ŠCourt€of€Appeals,€the€Court€likely€will€ask€how€post€convictionŠ `  Šdisputes€regarding€the€contents€of€the€discovery€provided€to€theŠ ¼  Šdefendant€are€to€be€resolved.€€The€language€concerning€retentionŠ hø Šuntil€the€expiration€of€the€defendantššs€sentence€can€be€left€in.€Š d ŠInterested€persons€at€the€hearing€can€request€that€the€Court€ofŠ Ą ŠAppeals€modify€the€proposed€language.€€Š l¼ Šą  ąMr.€Kratovil€expressed€the€opinion€that€although€he€is€notŠ h Šfamiliar€with€all€of€the€retention€policies€of€the€MarylandŠ Ä ŠStateššs€Attorneyššs€offices,€the€policy€of€retaining€the€filesŠ pĄ  Šuntil€the€sentence€has€run€is€not€a€reasonable€one.€€JudgeŠ !l" ŠMatricciani€questioned€as€to€whether€the€retention€period€shouldŠ Č"$ Šlast€until€the€time€for€filing€an€appeal€or€a€post€convictionŠ t$Ä& Špetition€has€expired.€€Mr.€Kratovil€noted€that€the€only€way€toŠ  &p!( Šknow€this€is€to€check€the€file€for€each€defendant.€€It€would€beŠ Ģ'#* Špreferable€to€put€a€specific€time€period€in€the€Rule.€€JudgeŠ x)Č$, ŠMatricciani€commented€that€appeals€in€capital€cases€are€oftenŠ $+t&. Šprotracted.€€Š Š, (0 Šą  ąThe€Chair€suggested€that€the€Rule€provide€that€the€originalsŠ |.Ģ)2 Šof€the€materials€generated€be€retained€until€the€court€ordersŠ ° Šotherwise.€€The€judge€can€review€the€file.€€If€it€is€a€capitalŠ \¬ Šcase€or€a€sentence€of€life€without€the€possibility€of€parole,€theŠ X Šperiod€to€retain€would€not€be€stated.€€Otherwise,€a€specific€timeŠ “  Šperiod€can€be€provided€as€Mr.€Kratovil€suggested.€€A€period€of€10Š ` ° Šor€12€years€covers€most€cases.€€Ms.€Nethercott€remarked€that€theŠ  \  Šlength€of€time€the€court€retains€the€files€is€12€years.€€Mr.Š ø  ŠShipley€pointed€out€that€this€has€been€changed€to€20€years€in€theŠ d“  ŠRecords€Retention€and€Disposal€Schedule€for€the€circuit€courts€ofŠ `  ŠMaryland€„„€Schedule€No.€2330.€€(See€Appendix€1).€€The€retentionŠ ¼  Šschedule€has€been€updated,€and€the€files€in€some€cases€areŠ hø Šretained€even€longer.€€The€Vice€Chair€expressed€the€view€that€theŠ d ŠRule€should€provide€for€retention€for€as€long€as€the€court€wouldŠ Ą Šhave€retained€the€files.€€Ms.€Nethercott€suggested€that€the€RuleŠ l¼ Šprohibit€prior€disposal€of€the€files.€€The€Vice€Chair€said€thatŠ h Šshe€prefers€this;€otherwise€the€burden€would€be€on€the€judges€toŠ Ä Šlook€at€so€many€files€to€determine€when€discovery€materials€canŠ pĄ  Šbe€disposed€of.Š !l" Šą  ąJudge€Norton€suggested€that€the€Court€of€Appeals€beŠ Č"$ Špresented€with€both€versions,€retention€for€the€length€of€theŠ t$Ä& Šsentence€or€retention€for€the€length€of€time€that€the€recordsŠ  &p!( Šwould€be€retained€under€the€statutory€requirements€for€fileŠ Ģ'#* Šretention.€€The€Chair€said€that€one€option€is€to€provide€that€theŠ x)Č$, Šfiles€shall€be€retained€until€the€court€orders€otherwise.€€ThisŠ $+t&. Šis€the€language€in€section€(a)€of€Rule€4„322,€Exhibits.€€JudgeŠ Š, (0 ŠNorton€commented€that€he€is€leery€of€this€language,€because€ofŠ |.Ģ)2 Šthe€volume€of€cases€in€District€Court.€€Judge€Dryden€suggestedŠ ° Šthat€there€be€a€retention€schedule.€€Judge€Norton€expressed€theŠ \¬ Šopinion€that€there€not€be€individual€court€orders.€€The€ChairŠ X Šsaid€that€post€conviction€cases€impose€an€enormous€burden€on€theŠ “  Šjudiciary,€especially€in€the€circuit€courts€and€the€Court€ofŠ ` ° ŠSpecial€Appeals.€€The€courts€do€not€need€a€flood€of€cases€basedŠ  \  Šon€the€fact€that€no€one€can€determine€what€discovery€had€beenŠ ø  Šfurnished.€€A€retention€policy€will€help€solve€this€problem.€€Mr.Š d“  ŠKratovil€noted€that€there€may€be€a€middle€ground.€€He€expressedŠ `  Šhis€concern€about€capital€cases.€€A€10„year€retention€policyŠ ¼  Šwould€be€appropriate,€except€for€capital€cases€and€cases€whereŠ hø Šthe€sentence€is€life€imprisonment€without€parole.€€A€secondŠ d Šoption€is€a€period€of€10€years€from€the€date€of€the€sentence.€Š Ą ŠThe€Chair€suggested€that€the€period€of€retention€until€theŠ l¼ Šexpiration€of€the€sentence€is€fairer.€€Š h Šą  ąThe€Vice€Chair€proposed€that€the€Rule€include€the€twoŠ Ä Šoptions€for€retention€„„€what€is€there€now€and€the€period€ofŠ pĄ  Šretention€applicable€to€court€files.€€Judge€Matricciani€commentedŠ !l" Šthat€the€Rule€should€also€allow€for€a€shorter€time€period.€€TheŠ Č"$ ŠChair€suggested€that€if€the€defendant€has€been€acquitted,€theŠ t$Ä& Šfile€could€be€destroyed.€€The€Reporter€stated€that€the€twoŠ  &p!( Šoptions€will€be€the€length€of€any€sentence€imposed,€or€the€lengthŠ Ģ'#* Šof€time€specified€for€retention€of€court€records.€€By€consensus,Š x)Č$, Šthe€Committee€approved€this€suggestion.ą p ąŠ $+t&. Šą  ąMr.€Brault€told€the€Committee€that€Maryland€Lawyersšš€Rule€ofŠ Š, (0 ŠProfessional€Conduct€1.15,€Safekeeping€Property,€provides€thatŠ |.Ģ)2 Šlawyers€must€keep€clientsšš€records€for€five€years€afterŠ ° Štermination€of€the€representation.€€The€Chair€commented€that€thisŠ \¬ Šis€not€an€unfair€obligation.€€If€a€post€conviction€petition€hasŠ X Šbeen€filed,€and€the€court€has€to€resolve€the€matter,€the€courtŠ “  Šought€to€have€the€documentary€evidence€that€it€needs.€€If€aŠ ` ° Šdefendant€receives€a€sentence€of€20€years,€and€the€defenseŠ  \  Šattorney€destroys€the€file€after€four€years,€there€is€the€risk€ofŠ ø  Ša€new€trial.€€There€is€not€that€much€generation€of€material€byŠ d“  Šdefense€counsel,€and€the€private€defense€bar€can€raiseŠ `  Šany€opposition€it€may€have€when€the€proposed€Rule€change€isŠ ¼  Šconsidered€by€the€Court€of€Appeals.€€Mr.€Brault€remarked€thatŠ hø Šmost€criminal€defense€attorneys€dispose€of€their€case€filesŠ d Šquickly.€€Ms.€Nethercott€observed€that€not€having€discoveryŠ Ą Šmaterials€in€the€court€file€is€a€problem€in€a€post€convictionŠ l¼ Šcase.€€Judge€Dryden€noted€that€the€State€should€preserve€itsŠ h Šfile.€€Ms.€Nethercott€responded€that€this€does€not€help€theŠ Ä Šdefendant.€€Š pĄ  Šą  ąThe€Vice€Chair€said€that€the€retention€schedule€of€theŠ !l" ŠDepartment€of€General€Services€is€long€and€complicated.€€SomeŠ Č"$ Šrecords€are€held€for€five€years;€some€for€20€years.€€She€askedŠ t$Ä& Šwhether€it€would€be€helpful€to€know€the€retention€policies€of€theŠ  &p!( ŠStateššs€Attorneysšš€offices.€€Ms.€Nethercott€commented€that€Mr.Š Ģ'#* ŠDean€had€said€that€he€was€going€to€check€with€the€StateššsŠ x)Č$, ŠAttorneyššs€Association€and€Stateššs€Attorneyššs€Offices€around€theŠ $+t&. ŠState€to€see€how€they€retained€their€files.€€Ms.€NethercottŠ Š, (0 Šstated€that€she€would€check€with€the€Office€of€the€PublicŠ |.Ģ)2 ŠDefender€on€the€same€issue.€€Mr.€Kratovil€remarked€that€he€didŠ ° Šnot€know€the€specific€policy€of€the€Stateššs€Attorneyššs€Office€inŠ \¬ Šeach€county.€€Š X Šą  ąThe€Chair€suggested€that€two€choices€could€be€offered€to€theŠ “  ŠCourt€by€the€Committee.€€The€choices€are,€unless€the€trial€courtŠ ` ° Šorders€otherwise,€that€the€party€generating€the€discoveryŠ  \  Šmaterial€shall€retain€the€original€(1)€until€the€expiration€ofŠ ø  Šany€sentence€imposed€on€the€defendant€or€(2)€for€the€length€ofŠ d“  Štime€that€the€courtššs€records€are€retained€under€the€statutoryŠ `  Šrequirement€for€file€retention.€€The€Stateššs€Attorneyššs€OfficesŠ ¼  Šand€the€defense€bar€can€recommend€different€language€to€the€CourtŠ hø Šof€Appeals.€Š d Šą  ąMr.€Bowen€suggested€that€in€subsection€(b)(2),€the€languageŠ Ą Šš šbad€actsšš€should€be€changed€to€the€words€š šprior€conduct.šš€€ThisŠ l¼ Šis€the€language€of€section€(b)€of€Rule€5„608,€Evidence€ofŠ h ŠCharacter€of€Witness€for€Truthfulness€or€Untruthfulness,€the€RuleŠ Ä Šcited€in€subsection€(b)(2).€€By€consensus,€the€Committee€agreedŠ pĄ  Šwith€this€change.€€Š !l" Šą  ąMr.€Kratovil€pointed€out€that€the€Criminal€Subcommittee€hadŠ Č"$ Šdiscussed€this€reference€to€prior€bad€acts,€or,€as€rephrased,Š t$Ä& Šprior€conduct.€€He€had€some€concern€about€whether€this€requiresŠ  &p!( Šthe€State€to€provide€criminal€record€checks€on€witnesses.€€TheŠ Ģ'#* Šredraft€of€the€Rule€added€the€language€in€subsection€(b)(2)€thatŠ x)Č$, Šreads€š šin€the€possession€or€control€of€a€State€agent.šš€€There€isŠ $+t&. Ša€distinction€as€to€whether€the€State€has€the€criminal€record€ofŠ Š, (0 Ša€witness€physically€in€its€possession,€or€whether€the€State€isŠ |.Ģ)2 Šrequired€to€check€the€records€of€all€of€the€witnesses.€€TheŠ ° ŠCommittee€note€should€clarify€that€physical€possession€is€not€theŠ \¬ Šsame€as€access.€€Š X Šą  ąThe€Vice€Chair€inquired€as€to€whether€the€criminal€recordŠ “  Šcan€be€checked€online.€€Mr.€Ō_ŌKratovilŌ_Ō€answered€that€it€could€beŠ ` ° Šchecked€in€the€Criminal€Justice€Information€System€(š šCJISšš)€or€inŠ  \  Šthe€courtššs€system.€€The€Vice€Chair€remarked€that€one€could€checkŠ ø  Šthe€record,€but€not€print€a€copy€of€it,€so€that€it€is€not€inŠ d“  Šoneššs€physical€possession.€€Mr.€Ō_ŌBraultŌ_Ō€added€that€it€is€not€aŠ `  Šgood€idea€to€discourage€prosecutors€from€getting€the€criminalŠ ¼  Šrecord.€€Mr.€Ō_ŌKratovilŌ_Ō€pointed€out€that€if€the€prosecutor€checksŠ hø Šthe€record,€he€or€she€should€turn€over€the€information€whether€orŠ d Šnot€it€is€printed.€€The€language€of€the€Rule€should€clarify€thatŠ Ą Šthe€State€does€not€have€to€check€the€record€of€each€witness.€Š l¼ ŠJudge€Dryden€remarked€that€a€judge€could€read€the€Rule€to€meanŠ h Šthat€a€prosecutor€is€obligated€to€check€the€record€of€everyŠ Ä Šwitness€as€a€showing€of€due€diligence.€€It€could€be€argued€thatŠ pĄ  Šthe€record€is€always€within€the€Stateššs€ability€to€obtain.€€Š !l" Šą  ąThe€Reporter€suggested€that€a€new€sentence€be€added€to€theŠ Č"$ ŠCommittee€note.€€Mr.€Ō_ŌKratovilŌ_Ō€commented€that€it€is€not€reasonableŠ t$Ä& Što€require€the€prosecutor€to€check€the€criminal€record€of€allŠ  &p!( Šwitnesses.€€The€Chair€commented€that€the€danger€in€not€requiringŠ Ģ'#* Šthe€State€to€check€is€deliberate€ignorance€by€the€prosecutor.€Š x)Č$, ŠMr.€Ō_ŌKratovilŌ_Ō€said€that€this€has€to€be€reasonable€š!š„€the€StateŠ $+t&. Šcannot€investigate€the€background€of€every€witness€in€DistrictŠ Š, (0 ŠCourt€or€circuit€court.€€Š |.Ģ)2 Šą  ąJudge€Matricciani€noted€that€what€must€be€given€to€theŠ ° Šdefendant€is€what€is€not€otherwise€available€to€him€or€her.€€TheŠ \¬ ŠChair€asked€the€meaning€of€the€word€š šavailable.šš€€Ms.€NethercottŠ X Šreplied€that€sometimes€the€defendant€cannot€get€access€at€all,Š “  Šincluding€access€to€out„of„state€criminal€information€and€toŠ ` ° ŠCJIS.€€The€Vice€Chair€pointed€out€that€the€language€š šinŠ  \  Špossession€or€controlšš€does€not€address€the€issue€of€electronicŠ ø  Šaccess.€€€Š d“  Šą  ąMr.€Brault€remarked€that€the€word€š šcontrolšš€has€a€meaningŠ `  Šset€out€in€case€law.€€š šExclusive€controlšš€means€that€one€partyŠ ¼  Šhas€control€alone.€€The€Chair€said€that€within€the€context€of€theŠ hø ŠRule,€the€prior€conduct€that€is€relevant€is€any€act€that€isŠ d Šadmissible€under€Rule€5„609,€Impeachment€by€Evidence€ofŠ Ą ŠConviction€of€Crime.€€If€the€State€has€access€to€that€informationŠ l¼ Šby€pushing€a€button€and€finding€out€if€the€witness€has€a€priorŠ h Švalid€conviction,€and€the€defense€cannot€get€this€information,Š Ä Šthe€State€should€provide€it.€€Mr.€Kratovil€questioned€as€toŠ pĄ  Šwhether€this€would€mean€providing€every€homeownerššs€criminalŠ !l" Šrecord€after€a€burglary€has€taken€place.€€The€Chair€respondedŠ Č"$ Šthat€if€a€witness€is€being€interviewed,€the€witness€can€be€askedŠ t$Ä& Šif€he€or€she€has€ever€committed€certain€crimes.€€The€Vice€ChairŠ  &p!( Šremarked€that€the€victim„homeowner€could€lie€about€his€or€herŠ Ģ'#* Šrecord.€€The€Chair€commented€that€the€prosecutor€would€have€toŠ x)Č$, Štake€the€victim€at€his€or€her€word,€unless€the€prosecutor€hadŠ $+t&. Šreason€to€disbelieve€the€witness.€€The€kind€of€conduct€used€toŠ Š, (0 Šimpeach€a€witness€pursuant€to€Rule€5„608€(b)€is€more€difficult€toŠ |.Ģ)2 Šferret€out.€€Judge€Norton€noted€that€the€issue€is€what€dueŠ ° Šdiligence€is.€€Judge€Matricciani€observed€that€in€Baltimore€City,Š \¬ Švictims€and€witnesses€often€have€lengthy€criminal€records.€€IfŠ X Šthe€victim€or€witness€denies€having€a€record,€can€the€StateŠ “  Šsimply€ignore€this?€€€€Š ` ° Šą  ąMr.€€Kratovil€told€the€Committee€that€in€Queen€AnneššsŠ  \  ŠCounty,€it€may€be€reasonable€to€check€the€records€of€theŠ ø  Šwitnesses€in€circuit€court,€but€this€may€not€be€the€case€in€theŠ d“  ŠDistrict€Court€or€in€the€Circuit€Courts€for€Prince€GeorgeššsŠ `  ŠCounty€or€Baltimore€City.€€In€those€jurisdictions,€the€prosecutorŠ ¼  Šis€fortunate€if€the€victim€is€present€on€the€day€of€trial.€€Ms.Š hø ŠNethercott€pointed€out€that€the€witnessššs€criminal€record€is€notŠ d Šalways€available€to€a€ņņpro€seóó€defendant.€€Mr.€Kratovil€remarkedŠ Ą Šthat€anyone€can€check€a€criminal€record.€€Ms.€Nethercott€observedŠ xČ Šthat€if€the€only€information€one€has€is€a€common€name€such€asŠ $t Šš šJohn€Smith,šš€it€would€be€difficult€to€find€the€record.€€Mr.Š Š  ŠKratovil€commented€that€the€Criminal€Subcommittee€did€not€want€toŠ |Ģ  Šrequire€the€State€to€check€the€criminal€records€of€all€witnesses.€Š (!x" ŠThe€purpose€of€the€phrase€š šin€the€possession€or€control€of€aŠ Ō"$$ ŠState€agentšš€in€subsection€(b)(2)€means€š šin€the€exclusiveŠ €$Š& Špossession€or€control.šš€€Š ,&|!( Šą  ąThe€Chair€asked€if€the€defendant€must€be€told€that€theŠ Ų'(#* Šprosecutor€has€interviewed€a€witness€who€said€that€he€or€she€hasŠ „)Ō$, Šhad€a€conviction€that€is€less€than€15€years€old.€€Mr.€KratovilŠ 0+€&. Šreplied€that€the€prosecutor€has€to€tell€the€defendant,€becauseŠ Ü,,(0 Šthis€is€due€diligence.€€However,€it€is€not€reasonable€for€theŠ ˆ.Ų)2 Šprosecutor€automatically€to€assume€that€in€every€case,€theŠ ° Šwitness€has€a€criminal€record.€€The€Chair€pointed€out€that€theŠ \¬ Šprosecutor€simply€has€to€ask€the€witness€about€his€or€her€record.€Š X ŠMr.€Kratovil€suggested€that€language€be€put€into€the€RuleŠ “  Šindicating€that€the€language€of€subsection€(b)(2)€does€notŠ ` ° Šnecessarily€mean€that€criminal€records€checks€must€be€conductedŠ  \  Šon€every€witness.Š ø  Šą  ąThe€Chair€questioned€the€changes€being€suggested€for€Rule€4„Š d“  Š262.€€Judge€Norton€answered€that€ņņBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373€U.S.€83Š `  Š(1963)€is€applicable€in€the€District€Court,€as€well€as€in€theŠ Č Šcircuit€courtsņņóó.€€The€Vice€Chair€noted€that€in€District€Court,€theŠ tÄ Šprosecutor€often€does€not€speak€with€the€witness€until€the€day€ofŠ  p Šthe€trial.€€There€is€no€prior€interview€process.€€Judge€NortonŠ Ģ Šobserved€that€the€common€sense€rule€is€that€there€must€be€dueŠ xČ Šdiligence.€€This€is€reflected€in€subsection€(a)(1)€of€both€Rules.Š $t Šą  ąMr.€Kratovil€asked€whether€the€Committee€note€will€beŠ Š  Šchanged€to€state€that€it€is€not€necessary€to€check€the€priorŠ |Ģ  Šcriminal€record€of€every€witness.€€The€Chair€commented€that€theŠ (!x" ŠRule€should€have€language€referring€to€prior€convictions€of€aŠ Ō"$$ Šwitness€that€can€be€used€for€impeachment€pursuant€to€Rule€5„609.€Š €$Š& ŠThe€Vice€Chair€suggested€that€the€phrase€in€subsection€(b)(2)Š ,&|!( Šthat€reads€š šwhether€or€not€admissiblešš€should€be€rewritten.€€TheŠ Ų'(#* ŠChair€noted€that€a€prior€conviction€that€is€eligible€for€use€doesŠ „)Ō$, Šnot€necessarily€get€admitted.€€There€has€to€be€a€balance.€€If€theŠ 0+€&. Šwitness€has€a€conviction€that€is€eligible€to€be€used€pursuant€toŠ Ü,,(0 ŠRule€5„609,€the€prosecutor€must€disclose€it.€€A€party€may€file€aŠ ˆ.Ų)2 Šmotion€ņņin€limineóó€to€prohibit€the€use€of€the€information,€but€theŠ ° Šinformation€must€be€disclosed.Š hø Šą  ąThe€Vice€Chair€suggested€that€the€last€phrase€of€theŠ d ŠCommittee€note€that€reads€š šand€the€prior€criminal€record€of€aŠ Ą  Šwitnessšš€be€deleted.€€By€consensus,€the€Committee€agreed€withŠ l ¼ Šthis€deletion.€€Mr.€Brault€remarked€that€ņņBradyóó€material€is€aŠ  h  Šproblem€nationally.€€The€Chair€said€that€the€best€place€to€putŠ Š  Šthe€language€that€has€been€agreed€upon€is€in€the€Committee€note,Š |Ģ  Šwhich€can€go€after€section€(a).€€If€the€prosecutor€has€no€reasonŠ (x  Što€believe€the€contrary,€an€inquiry€of€the€potential€status€ofŠ Ō$ Šthe€witness€as€to€whether€the€person€has€a€criminal€recordŠ €Š Šconstitutes€due€diligence.€€This€is€consistent€with€the€concernŠ ,| Šexpressed€by€Judge€Matricciani€that€a€mere€denial€does€notŠ Ų( Šsatisfy€due€diligence€requirements.€€Judge€Matricciani€commentedŠ „Ō Šthat€he€has€consistently€encountered€the€argument€from€the€StateŠ 0€ Šthat€checking€the€criminal€record€of€a€witness€is€burdensome.€€HeŠ Ü, Šinquired€as€to€why€this€is€such€an€obstacle.€€The€Chair€respondedŠ ˆŲ  Šthat€the€practical€difficulty€is€getting€this€information,€notŠ 4!„" Šthe€cost.€€The€prosecutor€could€be€worried€that€taking€theŠ ą"0$ Šwitness€at€his€or€her€word€regarding€the€witnessššs€lack€of€aŠ Œ$Ü& Šcriminal€record€may€not€be€due€diligence.€€Is€it€necessary€forŠ 8&ˆ!( Šthe€prosecutor€to€check€the€criminal€record,€even€though€theŠ ä'4#* Šwitness€denies€having€one?€€Judge€Matricciani€observed€that€aŠ )ą$, Šwitness€who€is€reluctant€to€testify€may€become€even€moreŠ <+Œ&. Šreluctant€when€there€is€an€inquiry€into€his€or€her€criminalŠ č,8(0 Šbackground.€€Š ”.ä)2 Šą  ąThe€Chair€said€that€Rule€4„263€will€be€remanded€to€theŠ ° ŠSubcommittee€one€more€time,€so€that€the€Subcommittee€can€work€onŠ \¬ Šthe€language.€€The€Chair€noted€that€there€was€a€murder€case€inŠ X Šwhich€a€witness€was€later€injured€and€lost€his€memory.€€The€issueŠ “  Šwas€the€admissibility€of€the€hospital€records.€€Judge€DrydenŠ ` ° Šremarked€that€every€witness€cannot€be€questioned€about€his€or€herŠ  \  Šmental€health.€€Mr.€Brault€pointed€out€that€a€witnessššs€mentalŠ ø  Šhealth€records€may€be€protected€under€the€federal€HealthŠ d“  ŠInsurance€Portability€and€Accountability€Act€(HIPAA),€Public€LawŠ `  Š104„191.€€Š ¼  Šą  ąJudge€Matricciani€observed€that€without€a€certificationŠ hø Šrequirement€in€the€Rule,€there€is€no€consequence€for€the€failureŠ d Šof€the€prosecutor€to€act.€€Judge€Dryden€responded€that€the€remedyŠ Ą Šfor€a€failure€to€disclose€is€that€the€prosecutor€may€not€win€theŠ l¼ Šcase.€€Judge€Matricciani€expressed€the€view€that€if€due€diligenceŠ h Šis€restricted,€the€teeth€will€be€taken€out€of€the€Rule.€€Mr.Š Ä ŠBrault€pointed€out€that€the€proposed€ņņBradyóó€amendments€to€the€RuleŠ pĄ  Šin€Maryland€make€it€the€most€advanced€rule€in€the€country.€€Š (!x" ŠJudge€Dryden€noted€that€the€examples€in€the€Committee€note€areŠ Ō"$$ Švery€helpful.€€Ms.€Nethercott€commented€that€there€are€manyŠ €$Š& Špermutations€of€what€must€be€provided.€€The€Chair€added€that€theŠ ,&|!( ŠCommittee€note€will€help€provide€clarity.€€Š Ų'(#* Šą  ąThe€Chair€said€that€a€reference€to€Rule€5„609€will€be€addedŠ „)Ō$, Što€the€Rule€in€subsection€(b)(2).€€The€Committee€note€will€beŠ 0+€&. Šadded€after€subsection€(a)(1),€and€the€language€in€subsectionŠ Ü,,(0 Š(b)(2)€that€reads€š šbad€actsšš€will€be€taken€out.€€The€CommitteeŠ ˆ.Ų)2 Šnote€will€be€modified€to€make€clear€that€where€the€prosecutor€hasŠ ° Šno€reason€to€believe€to€the€contrary,€an€inquiry€of€a€potentialŠ \¬ ŠStateššs€witness€as€to€whether€the€witness€has€a€criminal€recordŠ X Šgenerally€satisfies€due€diligence.Š “  Šą  ąThe€Reporter€noted€that€there€are€two€options€on€the€timingŠ ` ° Šof€retaining€records.€€The€Chair€suggested€that€the€American€BarŠ  \  ŠAssociation€(ABA)€procedure€on€retention€be€checked.€€Rule€4„262Š ø  Šhas€the€same€issues,€and€the€same€Committee€note€will€be€added€toŠ d“  Šit€after€subsection€(a)(1).€€He€asked€if€the€retention€period€setŠ `  Šout€in€proposed€section€(d)€of€Rule€4„262€works€well€in€DistrictŠ ¼  ŠCourt.€€Judge€Dryden€replied€in€the€affirmative,€although€heŠ hø Šobserved€that€in€a€ņņcoram€nobisóó€case,€it€may€be€difficult€toŠ d Šanticipate€the€period€of€time.€€The€Chair€said€that€once€a€caseŠ Ģ Šshifts€to€circuit€court,€the€circuit€court€obligations€as€toŠ xČ Šretention€apply.€€The€Reporter€stated€that€section€(d)€wouldŠ $t Šremain€in€Rule€4„262€as€drafted.€€By€consensus,€the€CommitteeŠ Š  Šapproved€Rule€4„262€and€4„263€as€amended,€subject€to€the€draftingŠ |Ģ  Šof€a€Committee€note€by€the€Criminal€Subcommittee.Š (!x" Šą  ąThe€Chair€presented€Rule€4„301,€Beginning€of€Trial€inŠ Ō"$$ ŠDistrict€Court,€for€the€Committeeššs€consideration.Š €$Š& ŠŅ` °ŅŅ` °ŅÓÓĢą@˜ ˜ ģąMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆŠ 'R") ŠĢą@ģąTITLE€4€„€CRIMINAL€CAUSESˆŠ ®(ž#+ ŠĢą@ō ō ģąCHAPTER€300€„€TRIAL€AND€SENTENCINGˆŠ Z*Ŗ%- ŠĢĢą ø ąAMEND€Rule€4„301€to€provide€forŠ Ü,,(0 Šdiscovery€under€Rule€4„263€under€certainŠ ²-)1 Šcircumstances€and€for€discovery€under€Rule€Š ˆ.Ų)2 Š4„262€in€all€other€actions€transferred€to€aŠ ° Šcircuit€court€upon€a€jury€trial€demand€underŠ †Ö Šthis€Rule,€as€follows:Š \¬ ŠĢĢRule€4-301.€€BEGINNING€OF€TRIAL€IN€DISTRICTŠ Ž. ŠCOURT€Š “  ŠĢĢ€€(a)€€Initial€ProceduresŠ 6 †  ŠĢą ø ą€€Immediately€before€beginning€a€trialŠ ā 2  Šin€District€Court,€the€court€shall€(1)€makeŠ ø  Šcertain€the€defendant€has€been€furnished€aŠ ŽŽ  Šcopy€of€the€charging€document;€(2)€inform€theŠ d“  Šdefendant€of€each€offense€charged;€(3)€informŠ :Š  Šthe€defendant,€when€applicable,€of€the€rightŠ `  Što€trial€by€jury;€(4)€comply€with€Rule€4-215,Š ę6 Šif€necessary;€and€(5)€thereafter,€call€uponŠ ¼  Šthe€defendant€to€plead€to€each€charge.€€Š ’ā ŠĢ€€(b)€€Demand€for€Jury€TrialŠ >Ž ŠĢ€€€€(1)€€Form€and€Time€of€DemandŠ ź: ŠĢą ø ą€€€€A€demand€in€the€District€Court€for€aŠ –ę Šjury€trial€shall€be€made€either€€Š l¼ ŠĢą ø ą€(A)€in€writing€and,€unless€otherwiseŠ h Šordered€by€the€court€or€agreed€by€theŠ ī> Šparties,€filed€no€later€than€15€days€beforeŠ Ä Šthe€scheduled€trial€date,€or€€Š šź ŠĢą ø ą€(B)€in€open€court€on€the€trial€date€byŠ F –! Šthe€defendant€and€the€defendant's€counsel,€ifŠ !l" Šany.€€Š ņ!B# ŠĢ€€€€(2)€€Procedure€Following€DemandŠ ž#ī% ŠĢą ø ą€€€€Upon€a€demand€by€the€defendant€€forŠ J%š ' Šjury€trial€that€deprives€the€District€CourtŠ  &p!( Šof€jurisdiction€pursuant€to€law,€the€clerkŠ ö&F") Šmay€serve€a€circuit€court€summons€on€theŠ Ģ'#* Šdefendant€requiring€an€appearance€in€theŠ ¢(ņ#+ Šcircuit€court€at€a€specified€date€and€time.€Š x)Č$, ŠThe€clerk€shall€promptly€transmit€the€caseŠ N*ž%- Šfile€to€the€clerk€of€the€circuit€court,€whoŠ $+t&. Šshall€then€file€the€charging€document€and,€ifŠ ś+J'/ Šthe€defendant€was€not€served€a€circuit€courtŠ Š, (0 Šsummons€by€the€clerk€of€the€District€Court,Š ¦-ö(1 Šnotify€the€defendant€to€appear€before€theŠ |.Ģ)2 Šcircuit€court.€€The€circuit€court€shallŠ ° Šproceed€in€accordance€with€Rule€4-213€(c)€asŠ †Ö Šif€the€appearance€were€by€reason€of€executionŠ \¬ Šof€a€warrant.€€Thereafter,€except€for€theŠ 2‚ Šrequirements€of€Code,€Criminal€ProcedureŠ X ŠArticle,€šš6-103€and€Rule€4-271€(a),€or€unlessŠ Ž. Šthe€circuit€court€orders€otherwise,€pretrialŠ “  Šprocedures€shall€be€governed€by€the€rules€inŠ Š Ś Šthis€Title€applicable€in€the€District€Court.€€Š ` ° ŠĢ€€ņņ(c)€€DiscoveryóóŠ  \  ŠĢą ø ą€€ņņDiscovery€in€an€action€transferred€toŠ ø  Ša€circuit€court€pursuant€to€a€jury€trialŠ ŽŽ  Šdemand€made€in€accordance€with€subsectionŠ d“  Š(b)(1)(A)€of€this€Rule€is€governed€by€Rule€4„Š :Š  Š263.€€In€all€other€actions€transferred€to€aŠ `  Šcircuit€court€upon€a€jury€trial€demand,Š ę6 Šdiscovery€is€governed€by€Rule€4„262.óóŠ ¼  ŠĢSource:€€This€Rule€is€derived€as€follows:€€Š hø Š€€Section€(a)€is€derived€from€former€M.D.R.Š >Ž Š751.€€Š d Š€€Section€(b)€is€new.Š ź: Š€€ņņSection€(c)€is€new.ó󀀩 Ą ŠĢĢŅ°` ŅŅ°` Ņą  ąRule€4„301€was€accompanied€by€the€following€Reporterššs€Note.Š B’ ŠĢŅ` °ŅŅ` °Ņą ø ąRule€4„301€is€proposed€to€be€amended€toŠ ī> Šprovide€that€discovery€under€Rule€4„263Š Ä Š(Discovery€in€Circuit€Court)€is€available€inŠ šź Šcases€transferred€to€a€circuit€court€upon€aŠ pĄ  Šjury€trial€demand€only€when€the€demand€isŠ F –! Šmade€in€accordance€with€subsection€(b)(1)(A)Š !l" Šof€Rule€4„301,€i.e.,€only€when€a€writtenŠ ņ!B# Šdemand€is€filed€no€later€than€15€days€beforeŠ Č"$ Ša€scheduled€trial€date.€€In€all€other€casesŠ ž#ī% Štransferred€pursuant€to€Rule€4„301,€discoveryŠ t$Ä& Šis€governed€by€Rule€4„262€(Discovery€inŠ J%š ' ŠDistrict€Court).Š  &p!( Šą ø ąĢĢŅ°` ŅŅ°` ŅÓÓą  ąThe€Chair€explained€that€section€(c)€is€applicable€in€a€caseŠ ¢(ņ#+ Šwhere€a€jury€trial€has€been€demanded.€€The€Reporter€explainedŠ N*ž%- Šthat€if,€pursuant€to€subsection€(b)(1)(A),€a€demand€for€a€juryŠ ś+J'/ Štrial€is€made€in€writing€and€filed€no€later€than€15€days€Ō_ŌbeforeŠ ¦-ö(1 Šthe€scheduled€trial€date,€the€circuit€court€discovery€Rule€willŠ ° Šbe€applicable.€€If€a€jury€trial€demand€is€made€at€a€later€time,Š \¬ Šthe€defendantššs€entitlement€to€discovery€is€governed€by€theŠ X ŠDistrict€Court€Rule.€€This€allows€same€day/next€day€jury€trialsŠ “  Što€proceed€without€a€claim€by€the€defendant€that€the€case€shouldŠ ` ° Šbe€postponed€so€that€circuit€court€discovery€can€be€had.€€JudgeŠ  \  ŠDryden€expressed€his€approval€of€section€(c).€€By€consensus,€theŠ ø  ŠCommittee€approved€the€change€to€the€Rule.€€The€Chair€stated€thatŠ d“  Šthe€Criminal€Subcommittee€had€done€an€excellent€job€in€revisingŠ `  Šthe€Rules.Š ¼  ŠÓÓĢAgenda€Item€3.€€Consideration€of€a€certain€policy€issueŠ >Ž Š€€€concerning€Rule€2.1€of€the€Maryland€Lawyersšš€Rules€ofŠ d Š€€€Professional€Conduct€(See€Appendix€2).Š ź: Š_________________________________________________________________Š Ą ŠĢÓÓą  ąMr.€Ō_ŌBraultŌ_Ō€presented€paragraph€5€of€the€Comment€to€Rule€2.1,Š l¼ ŠAdvisor,€for€the€Committeeššs€consideration.€€(See€Appendix€2).Š h Šą  ąMr.€Ō_ŌBraultŌ_Ō€told€the€Committee€that€Master€Theresa€A.Š Ä ŠŌ_ŌFurnariŌ_Ō,€Domestic€Relations€Master€of€the€Circuit€Court€forŠ pĄ  ŠBaltimore€City,€had€suggested€a€change€in€paragraph€5€of€theŠ !l" ŠComment€to€Rule€2.1€of€the€Maryland€Lawyersšš€Rules€ofŠ Č"$ ŠProfessional€Conduct€(š šŌ_ŌMLRPCŌ_Ōšš)€in€the€sentence€that€reads:€Š t$Ä& Šš šSimilarly,€when€a€matter€is€likely€to€involve€litigation,€it€mayŠ  &p!( Šbe€necessary€under€Rule€1.4€to€inform€the€client€of€forms€ofŠ Ģ'#* Šdispute€resolution€that€might€constitute€reasonable€alternativesŠ x)Č$, Što€litigation.šš€€She€proposed€that€the€word€š šmayšš€be€changed€toŠ $+t&. Šthe€word€š šshall.šš€€Rule€2.1€concerns€the€advice€a€lawyer€offersŠ Š, (0 Što€a€client.€€Rule€1.4,€Communication,€concerns€what€a€lawyerŠ |.Ģ)2 Šcommunicates€to€a€client.€€Master€Ō_ŌFurnariŌ_Ō€has€requested€thisŠ ° Šchange€to€the€Comment€to€Rule€2.1,€because€often€referral€of€aŠ \¬ Šcase€to€mediation€takes€the€cases€out€of€the€courts.€€TheŠ X ŠAttorneys€Subcommitteeššs€view€is€that€it€would€be€a€mistake€toŠ “  Šchange€the€word€š šmayšš€to€the€word€š šshall.šš€€A€change€to€š šshallššŠ ` ° Šcould€subject€a€lawyer€to€discipline€when€the€lawyer€may€have€hadŠ  \  Šgood€reasons€not€to€give€the€information€to€the€client.Š ø  Šą  ąThe€Chair€said€that€several€guests€were€present€to€discussŠ d“  Šthis€issue.€€Master€Ō_ŌFurnariŌ_Ō€told€the€Committee€that€she€hadŠ `  Šdistributed€some€material€to€them,€including€her€ņņcurriculumŠ ¼  Švitaeóó.€€(See€Appendix€3).€€Before€she€became€a€master€in€2002,Š tÄ Šfor€the€previous€15€years€she€had€represented€clients€andŠ ,| Šmediated€cases.€€She€also€has€conducted€mediator€training.€€SheŠ Ų( Šintroduced€Louise€Ō_ŌPhippsŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌSenftŌ_Ō,€Esq.,€who€teaches€at€theŠ „Ō ŠUniversity€of€Baltimore€School€of€Law€and€is€an€advisor€to€theŠ 0€ ŠHonorable€Robert€M.€Bell,€Chief€Judge€of€the€Court€of€Appeals€onŠ Ü, ŠAlternative€Dispute€Resolution€(š šŌ_ŌADRŌ_Ōšš);€Professor€Jane€Murphy€ofŠ ˆŲ  Šthe€University€of€Baltimore€School€of€Law;€and€Lisa€Sparks,€aŠ 4!„" Šstudent€at€the€University€of€Baltimore€School€of€Law.€€Š ą"0$ Šą  ąMaster€Ō_ŌFurnariŌ_Ō€commented€that€mandatory€Ō_ŌADRŌ_Ō€has€worked€inŠ Œ$Ü& Šother€states€with€no€negative€repercussions.€€Professor€MurphyŠ 8&ˆ!( Šadded€that€Ō_ŌADRŌ_Ō€is€underutilized.€€The€American€Bar€AssociationŠ ä'4#* Š(š šABAšš)€amended€its€Model€Rule€2.1,€and€Maryland€is€one€of€26Š )ą$, Šstates€that€has€adopted€the€ABA€Model€Rule€almost€verbatim.€Š <+Œ&. ŠSeven€other€states€use€language€that€is€more€mandatory,€replacingŠ č,8(0 Šthe€word€š šmayšš€with€š šshouldšš€or€š šshall.šš€€Vermont€and€VirginiaŠ ”.ä)2 Šuse€the€word€š šshall,šš€and€Hawaii,€Colorado,€Tennessee,€Alaska,Š ° Šand€Massachusetts€use€the€word€š šshould.šš€Š \¬ Šą  ąJudge€Ō_ŌMatriccianiŌ_Ō€inquired€as€to€whether€a€lawyer€could€beŠ X Šdisciplined€for€violating€the€Comments.€€Master€Ō_ŌFurnariŌ_Ō€answeredŠ “  Šnegatively,€drawing€the€Committeeššs€attention€to€paragraph€20€ofŠ ` ° Šthe€š šScopešš€section€of€the€Maryland€Lawyersšš€Rules€ofŠ  \  ŠProfessional€Conduct€(MLRPC)€which€states:€Š ø  ŠŅ` °ŅŅ` °ŅÓӀ€€€€Violation€of€a€Rule€should€not€itselfŠ d“  Šgive€rise€to€a€cause€of€action€against€aŠ :Š  Šlawyer€nor€should€it€create€any€presumptionŠ `  Šin€such€a€case€that€a€legal€duty€has€beenŠ ę6 Šbreached.€€In€addition,€violation€of€a€RuleŠ ¼  Šdoes€not€necessarily€warrant€any€other€non„Š ’ā Šdisciplinary€remedy,€such€as€disqualificationŠ hø Šof€a€lawyer€in€pending€litigation.€€Š >Ž ŠĢŅ°` ŅŅ°` ŅÓÓSince€2002,€in€the€states€that€use€the€word€š šshall,šš€there€haveŠ ź: Šbeen€no€disciplinary€actions€based€upon€that€terminology.€€Mr.Š –ę ŠKlein€pointed€out€that€the€language€of€Rule€2.1€in€Vermont€readsŠ B’ Šš šņ ņ[Ō_Ōw]henŌ_Ō€appropriateó ó,€a€lawyer€shall€advise€the€client€ofŠ ī> Šalternative€forms€of€dispute€resolution...€(emphasis€added).šš€€€Š ¶ Šą  ąMr.€Johnson€observed€that€the€statement€that€the€CommentsŠ b ²! Šhave€no€bearing€on€discipline€may€not€be€true.€€He€said€that€heŠ "^# Šdid€not€understand€why€it€is€necessary€to€have€provisions€in€theŠ ŗ# % ŠComment€that€appear€to€be€binding.€€If€something€is€binding,€itŠ f%¶ ' Šshould€be€in€the€Rule€itself.€€Professor€Murphy€responded€that€ifŠ 'b") Šthis€is€in€the€Rule,€it€could€cause€the€problem€referred€to€byŠ ¾($+ ŠMr.€Ō_ŌBraultŌ_Ō€that€it€could€result€in€the€discipline€of€lawyers.€€IfŠ j*ŗ%- Šthe€statement€is€located€in€the€Comment,€it€is€educational.€Š ,f'/ ŠProfessor€Murphy€continued€that€when€she€taught€ProfessionalŠ Ā-)1 ŠŌ_ŌResponsibility,€she€found€that€the€students€read€the€Comments,Š ° Šalso.€€The€current€culture€of€the€legal€profession€does€notŠ \¬ Šsufficiently€embrace€ADR.€€Lawyers€can€be€reached€in€theirŠ X Šformative€stage€as€law€students.€€Putting€this€statement€in€theŠ “  ŠComment€encourages€a€change€in€the€culture.€€Master€FurnariŠ ` ° Špointed€out€that€paragraph€14€of€the€Scope€section€of€the€MLRPCŠ  \  Šstates:€š šComments€do€not€add€obligations€to€the€Rules€but€provideŠ ø  Šguidance€for€practicing€in€compliance€with€the€Rules.šš€€She€againŠ d“  Šcited€paragraph€20€of€the€š šScopešš€section€of€the€MLRPC€whichŠ `  Šstates€that€a€violation€of€a€Rule€should€not€itself€give€rise€toŠ ¼  Ša€cause€of€action€against€a€lawyer.€€The€Comment€is€strictly€toŠ hø Šgive€guidance.€€She€said€that€she€did€not€know€of€any€lawyer€whoŠ d Šhas€ever€been€sued€pursuant€to€the€Comment€to€Rule€2.1.€€Š Ą Šą  ąThe€Chair€noted€that€an€attorney€may€have€to€determine€whatŠ l¼ Šis€in€his€or€her€clientššs€best€interest€and€tell€the€client,€butŠ h Šif€the€attorney€feels€that€something€is€not€in€the€clientššs€bestŠ Ä Šinterest,€the€attorney€may€be€obligated€to€tell€the€client€thatŠ pĄ  Šthe€choice€is€either€to€arbitrate€with€the€insurance€company€thatŠ !l" Šhas€a€reputation€for€not€making€large€payouts€or€go€to€court€andŠ Č"$ Šsee€what€a€jury€does€with€the€case.€€The€attorney€can€make€aŠ t$Ä& Šrecommendation€but€might€be€obligated€to€mention€ADR,€regardlessŠ  &p!( Šof€whether€the€attorney€feels€it€is€in€the€clientššs€bestŠ Ģ'#* Šinterest.€€Š x)Č$, Šą  ąMs.€Senft€expressed€the€opinion€that€it€is€preferable€to€useŠ $+t&. Šthe€word€š šshallšš€in€the€context€of€the€representation€of€theŠ Š, (0 Šclient.€€It€is€up€to€the€discretion€of€counsel€to€advise€his€orŠ |.Ģ)2 Šher€client€accordingly.€€The€Chair€raised€the€possibility€of€anŠ ° Šattorney€exposing€himself€or€herself€to€a€malpractice€claim€byŠ \¬ Šfailing€to€tell€his€or€her€client€that€the€client€can€considerŠ X ŠADR.€€Using€the€word€š šshallšš€could€strengthen€a€malpracticeŠ “  Šaction.€€Ms.€Senft€asked€why€this€is€a€problem.€€Attorneys€shouldŠ ` ° Štake€care€to€give€the€correct€advice.€€€The€Chair€agreed,€but€heŠ  \  Šsaid€that€there€may€have€been€numerous€previous€cases€with€theŠ ø  Šsame€insurance€company€which€has€never€paid,€so€it€would€beŠ d“  Špointless€to€recommend€ADR€with€that€company.€€Š `  Šą  ąJudge€Matricciani€remarked€that€it€is€good€to€have€aŠ ¼  Šreference€in€the€Comment€to€ADR,€because€the€courts€waste€timeŠ hø Šdealing€with€superfluous€cases€that€can€be€resolved€in€otherŠ d Šways,€such€as€through€ADR.€€The€Chair€suggested€that€instead€ofŠ Ą Šš šmay€š š€or€š šshall,šš€the€Comment€to€Rule€2.1€could€read€š š...when€aŠ l¼ Šmatter€is€likely€to€involve€litigation,€the€lawyer€should,€whenŠ h Šappropriate€...šš.€€€Š Ä Šą  ąMr.€Brault€expressed€his€respect€for€the€University€ofŠ pĄ  ŠBaltimore€School€of€Law€from€which€three€of€his€childrenŠ !l" Šgraduated.€€However,€he€said€that€in€his€many€years€defendingŠ Č"$ Šlawyers,€it€is€clear€that€society€does€not€always€function€as€itŠ t$Ä& Šshould.€€The€Court€of€Appeals€in€ņņFox€v.€Willsóó,€390€Md.€620€(2006)Š  &p!( Šheld€that€lawyers€representing€children€in€custody€cases€are€notŠ Ų'(#* Šentitled€to€qualified€immunity€from€prosecution.€€When€anŠ „)Ō$, Šattorney€is€sued€as€to€the€standard€of€care,€the€standard€isŠ 0+€&. Šresolved€by€a€jury€of€lay€persons€who€are€not€attorneys.€Š Ü,,(0 ŠAlthough€paragraph€20€of€the€Scope€section€of€the€MLRPC€statesŠ ˆ.Ų)2 Šthat€violation€of€a€Rule€should€not€itself€give€rise€to€a€causeŠ ° Šof€action€against€a€lawyer,€two€cases,ņņ€Post€v.€Bregmanóó,€349€Md.Š \¬ Š142€(1998)€and€ņņSon€v.€Margolius,€Mallios,€Davis,€Rider€&€Tomaróó,Š d Š349€Md.€441€(1998)€have€turned€that€statement€around.€€TheŠ Ģ  Špreamble€to€the€MLRPC€was€rewritten€to€point€out€that€these€casesŠ x Č Šheld€that€the€MLRPC€are€binding€rules,€which€if€not€followed,€mayŠ $ t  Šbe€evidence€of€a€breach€of€the€applicable€standard€of€conduct.€Š Š  ŠIn€ņņSonóó,€an€attorney€split€a€fee€with€a€non„attorney.€€In€ņņPostóó,€anŠ |Ģ  Šattorney€had€signed€a€letter€of€agreement€to€split€a€fee€forŠ 4„  Šlegal€work€with€another€participating€attorney,€and€the€firstŠ ą0 Šattorney€wanted€a€greater€fee€than€what€was€originally€agreedŠ ŒÜ Šupon.€€Mr.€Brault€cautioned€that€if€the€word€š šshallšš€is€put€intoŠ 8ˆ Šthe€Comment€to€Rule€2.1€or€into€the€Rule€itself,€a€jury€couldŠ ä4 Šfind€that€an€attorney€violated€the€Rule€if€the€attorney€did€notŠ ą Šinform€the€client€about€ADR.€€Juries€traditionally€do€not€likeŠ <Œ Šattorneys,€and€this€could€lead€to€a€finding€of€mailpractice€and€aŠ č8 Šjudgment€against€an€attorney.€€This€is€why€in€drafting€ethicsŠ ”ä  Šrules,€the€Rules€Committee€uses€the€words€š šshall,šš€š šmust,šš€andŠ @!" Šš šshouldšš€judiciously.€€€€€Š ģ"<$ Šą  ąMaster€Mahasa€remarked€that€the€word€š šshouldšš€is€usuallyŠ ˜$č& Šadvisory.€€Mr.€Johnson€observed€that€the€Rules€Committee€spent€aŠ D&”!( Šgreat€amount€of€time€when€helping€draft€the€Rules€pertaining€toŠ š'@#* Šņņpro€bonoóó€legal€service€discussing€the€difference€between€theŠ œ)ģ$, Šwords€š šshallšš€and€š šshould.šš€€The€Court€of€Appeals€approved€theŠ T+¤&. Šā ālanguage€of€Rule€6.1,€Pro€Bono€Publico€Service,€which€reads€š šAŠ -P(0 Šlawyer€in€the€full„time€practice€of€law€ņ ņshould€ó óaspire€to€renderŠ ° Šā āat€least€50€hours€per€year€of€ņņpro€bono€Ō_ŌpublicoŌ_Ōóó€legal€service,€andŠ xČ Ša€lawyer€in€part„time€practice€ņ ņshould€ó óaspire€to€render€at€least€aŠ 0€ Špro€rata€number€of€hours€(emphasis€added).šš€€Mr.€Johnson€saidŠ ų H Šthat€he€supports€Ō_ŌADRŌ_Ō,€but,€in€his€view,€it€is€not€more€importantŠ ¤ ō Šthan€ņņpro€bonoóó€service.€€The€word€š šshouldšš€is€more€appropriateŠ P    Šthan€š šshallšš€in€the€Comment€to€Rule€2.1.€€Š X  Šą  ąMr.€Ō_ŌBraultŌ_Ō€pointed€out€that€section€(c)€of€Rule€6.1€reads€asŠ “  Šfollows:€š šThis€Rule€is€Ō_ŌaspirationalŌ_Ō,€not€mandatory.€Š `°  ŠNoncompliance€with€this€Rule€shall€not€be€grounds€forŠ  \ Šdisciplinary€action€or€other€sanctions.šš€€A€similar€paragraphŠ ø Šcould€be€added€to€the€Comment€to€Rule€2.1.€€Master€FurnariŠ d“ Šexpressed€the€opinion€that€using€the€word€š šshallšš€in€the€CommentŠ ` Šwould€not€be€a€basis€for€a€violation€of€a€standard€of€conduct.€€Š ¼  ŠModifying€the€Comment€would€lead€to€a€change€in€climate€in€whichŠ hø ŠADR€is€used€more€frequently.€€Chief€Judge€Bell€created€the€ADRŠ d ŠCommission€which€has€now€evolved€into€the€Maryland€Mediation€andŠ Ą  ŠConflict€Resolution€Office€(š šMACROšš)€to€encourage€the€use€of€ADR.€Š l!¼" Šą  ąThe€Chair€suggested€that€the€third€sentence€in€the€CommentŠ #h$ Šcould€be€changed€to€read:€š šWhen€a€matter€is€likely€to€involveŠ Ä$ & Šlitigation,€and€one€or€more€forms€of€alternative€disputeŠ p&Ą!( Šresolution€are€reasonable€alternatives€to€litigation,€a€lawyerŠ (l#* Šshould€advise€a€client€about€those€reasonable€alternatives.šš€€AŠ Č)%, Šlawyer€may€not€have€extensive€knowledge€about€ADR.€€ProfessorŠ t+Ä&. ŠMurphy€commented€that€lawyers€should€be€required€to€be€familiarŠ  -p(0 Šwith€ADR.€€Mr.€Bowen€suggested€that€the€words€š šin€the€opinion€ofŠ ° Šthe€lawyeršš€should€be€added€to€the€language€suggested€by€theŠ \¬ ŠChair€after€the€word€š šandšš€and€before€the€phrase€š šone€or€more.šš€Š X ŠThe€Chair€agreed€with€this€suggestion.€€Master€FurnariŠ “  Šrecommended€that€the€opinion€be€an€educated€one.€€The€ChairŠ ` ° Šresponded€that€the€educational€component€can€be€addressed€later.€€Š  \  Šą  ąThe€Chair€asked€Mr.€Brault€for€his€view.€€Mr.€Brault€repliedŠ ø  Šthat€the€suggested€change€to€the€Comment€may€still€bring€aboutŠ d“  Šlawsuits.€€The€Rule€applies€to€other€areas€of€the€law€besidesŠ `  Šfamily€law.€€The€