ÿWPC¦% á ~®=š}v¾2ì>[Øg)nš÷x6"¡3®Û—É9bþdÚ2ü¯Ma=¸*µ"žÊM ›ÜSþ:¼nƒßŽ1'‹ÕÞJ ¥îslãlœ[™^EWçe_+ì²>~רܛŒ&g½ø\aä–¢ß\Û%ÇÏ~”2©¡‡¦·Â63t9ÓÚ#^XÓmÛ×ÏTNˆ£µš½éÜrª©ðNhZÔûß2&.ì’4œ\L‚‚ÈõŒCÊáˆNŽ”ëLÁ¦ÒŽ­7ÊŠ«¼|Ø+®ÊdKt\&ß>¦hªgŠÄr»;ƒ´›Ö(z;•¾eT£Þ”ÖÓÅÒÉRVÀÚlxâ™…Á/¡)¯Åž;¶Qôa^›GÅFž¥ VËÇ*êʉ(DW `ÎÇ\¤é’O ƒg"#9îJüpS(i…ÂJ"”Êšœ½äµ©pÖ¤ÌEBëÒy^AVžpµŸq>ÞÉíò ©#YåÞ$¥òJ^) äHùMW“®s«¨—ªÖJ‘_è&ª(ÌB Ъý:‰hvoÜ×´€Ÿ…-Ú£3Ðål'ŸR.G®Ú,â´rÜb6ÄS˜¤Ý”´¥=…àA\ŸïZíO¨Í®»Ýs@TØŽ½¨X{µ(e#Á†UNG %• 0k› ^  w 4 * 9 m; bR NZ 0‡\ UR8ã U8 NS bU UF] U6£ UJÙ N# U>% 0Uc 0㸠0à› 0Ý{ 0ÚX 0×2 0Ô  0ÑÝ 0ή 0C| 0Ñ¿ 0Î 0Ë^ 0È) 0Åñ 0¶ 0¿x 0º7 0@ñ 0Î1 0Ëÿ 0ÈÊ 0Å’ 0ÂW 0¿ 0¼Ø 0·” 0<K b‡ N b‘ N™ b› N£ —¥ N!ÅF! 0ú "b#Å # Ò#ì# 0 N$ P$ j$j$j$j$j$j$j$ „$ž$´$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Ê$Æà$˜HP CLJ 5550DN PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(Cä½$¡¡ÓÓÔ€dŠÙ눈ŠÔÔUSUS.,Ôܘz8â {bH8xê:i¢×+003|x\ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ- ù-(_3B($©©Ý ƒä½!ÝÓÓÔ€ŠÆ;ˆXXÔÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  Ý<õÑ 9Z+ Courier New <õÑ 9Z+‹ Courier New - ù-<4šÛ 9Z+‹.Courier New Regular<þ6X9`(‹Courier New³˜kIA`‹2WP TypographicSymbolsô\  `‹&Times New Roman*+ ÿÿ(_26Ô2ÔÔ3  Ôà..à*D+J ÿÿ(_25Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*A+J ÿÿ(_24Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*>+J ÿÿ(_23Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*;+J ÿÿ(_22Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*8+J ÿÿ(_21Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*5+J ÿÿ(_20Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*2+J ÿÿ(_19Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*/+J ÿÿ(_18Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó* ÿÿ(_17Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô€*DJ ÿÿ(_16Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*AJ ÿÿ(_15Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*>J ÿÿ(_14Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*;J ÿÿ(_13Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*8J ÿÿ(_12Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*5J ÿÿ(_11Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*2J ÿÿ(_10Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó(/J ÿÿ&_9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó( ÿÿ&_8Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô(DJ ÿÿ&_7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó(AJ ÿÿ&_6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó(>J ÿÿ&_5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó(;J ÿÿ&_4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó(8J ÿÿ&_3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó(5J ÿÿ&_2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó(2J ÿÿ&_1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó&/J ÿÿ$_Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó<ÿÿ:Default Para- ù-- ù-- ù- Ý ƒ B()ÝÓÓÔ€ŠÆ;ˆXXÔÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡dX ˆŠÆ;Ô- ù- »Ý ƒ B()ÝÓÓÔ€ŠÆ;ˆXXÔÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡dX ˆŠÆ;ÔRule€4„262€„€Showing€changes€from€current€Rule:\d ÿÿ8Body Text 2ÔK‡<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔò òÓÓÓÓÔS‡ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔó ó- ù- »Ý ƒ B()ÝÓÓÔ€ŠÆ;ˆXXÔÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡dX ˆŠÆ;ÔRule€4„263€„€Showing€changes€from€current€RuleAPPENDIX CAPPENDIX C(ÍO$——ÔÿÔòòóóÔÿÔAPPENDIX EAPPENDIX FAPPENDIX GAPPENDIX EAPPENDIX FAPPENDIX G…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Ý ƒä½!ÝÓÓÔ€ŠÆ;ˆXXÔÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑX°ÑÓÓÔ€XõÜXˆŠÆ;ÔÔ€X=XXXõÜÔÑ  ÑÌÌÌÌÑ€ ÑÑ8€Æ;ŠˆddÈ8ÑÔ€X%XXX=ÔÌà@¤¤#ìàMarch€25,€2008ˆÐ Þ. ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àÌÌÌÌà@ðð"ìàòòSUPPLEMENT€TO€THEˆÐ â 2  Ðà@¨ ¨ ìàONE€HUNDRED€FIFTY„EIGHTH€REPORTˆÐ ¸  Ðà@„„'ìàOF€THEˆÐ ŽÞ  Ðà@˜ ˜ ìàSTANDING€COMMITTEE€ON€RULESˆÐ d´  Ðà@ìàOF€PRACTICE€AND€PROCEDUREˆÐ :Š  ÐÌóóÌThe€Honorable€Robert€M.€Bell,Ð ¼  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àChief€JudgeÐ ’â ÐThe€Honorable€Irma€S.€RakerÐ h¸ ÐThe€Honorable€Glenn€T.€Ô_ÔHarrellÔ_Ô,€Jr.Ð >Ž ÐThe€Honorable€Lynne€A.€Ô_ÔBattagliaÔ_ÔÐ d ÐThe€Honorable€Clayton€Greene,€Jr.Ð ê: ÐThe€Honorable€Joseph€F.€Murphy,€Jr.,Ð À Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àJudgesÐ –æ Ðà  àThe€Court€of€Appeals€of€MarylandÐ l¼ Ðà  àRobert€C.€Murphy€Courts€of€Appeal€BuildingÐ B’ Ðà  àAnnapolis,€Maryland€21401Ð h ÐòòÌóóÌYour€Honors:Ð šê ÐÌà  àOn€September€26,€2007,€the€Rules€Committee€submitted€its€OneÐ F –! ÐHundred€Fifty„Eighth€Report€in€which,€among€other€things,€itÐ !l" Ðrecommended€changes€to€Rules€4„262,€4„263,€and€4„301,€dealingÐ ò!B# Ðwith€discovery€in€criminal€cases.€€The€changes€to€those€RulesÐ È"$ Ðwere€found€in€Category€3€of€the€158òòthóó€Report.€Ð ž#î% Ðà  àÌà  àAt€the€hearing€held€on€that€Report,€on€December€3,€2007,Ð J%š ' Ðconcerns€were€expressed€by€a€number€of€prosecutors€and€othersÐ  &p!( Ðwith€respect€to€certain€aspects€of€the€recommended€changes€toÐ ö&F") ÐRules€4„262€and€4„263,€principally€the€latter.€€Members€of€theÐ Ì'#* ÐCourt€inquired€whether,€in€formulating€its€recommendations,€theÐ ¢(ò#+ ÐRules€Committee€had€considered€the€Standards€relating€toÐ x)È$, Ðdiscovery€in€criminal€cases€adopted€by€the€American€BarÐ N*ž%- ÐAssociation€in€1994,€and€the€answer€was€that€those€Standards€hadÐ $+t&. Ðnot€been€considered.€€In€light€of€the€controversy€with€respect€toÐ ú+J'/ Ðsome€of€the€Committeeððs€proposals,€the€Court€deferred€action€onÐ Ð, (0 Ðthem.Ð ¦-ö(1 ÐÌÐ  R/¢*3 ÐÔ_Ôà  àIn€an€attempt€to€provide€the€Court€with€more€completeÐ ° Ðinformation€and€to€address€the€concerns€expressed€at€the€DecemberÐ †Ö Ð3€hearing,€the€Rules€Committee€has€undertaken€a€further€review€ofÐ \¬ Ðthe€discovery€process€in€criminal€cases€in€light€of€the€ABAÐ 2‚ ÐStandards,€what€is€ultimately€required€under€both€Federal€andÐ X ÐMaryland€Constitutional€law,€and€how€the€discovery€process€can€beÐ Þ. Ðclarified,€made€more€effective,€and€promote€greater€fairness€andÐ ´  Ðefficiency€in€overall€criminal€procedure.€€Ð Š Ú ÐÌà  àTo€that€end,€the€Committee€obtained€and€considered€both€theÐ 6 †  ÐABA€Standards€and€the€ABA€Commentary€to€them.€€It€had€availableÐ  \  Ðto€it€the€discovery€rules€applicable€in€Federal€criminal€casesÐ â 2  Ðand€the€rules€adopted€in€other€States,€along€with€relevant€caseÐ ¸  Ðlaw.€€All€of€the€individuals€and€groups€that€had€indicated€anÐ ŽÞ  Ðinterest€in€the€matter€were€invited€to€submit€written€commentsÐ d´  Ðregarding€the€ABA€Standards€and€whether,€or€to€what€extent,€thereÐ :Š  Ðshould€be€any€departure€from€them.€€Ð `  ÐÌà  àThe€Criminal€Rules€Subcommittee€met,€gave€initialÐ ¼  Ðconsideration€to€the€ABA€Standards€and€the€written€comments€thatÐ ’â Ðhad€been€received,€and€made€a€number€of€recommendations€forÐ h¸ Ðchanges€to€Rule€4„263€as€submitted€in€the€158òòthóó€Report.€€ThereÐ >Ž Ðdid€not€appear€to€be€much€controversy€with€respect€to€Rule€4„262Ð d Ðand€none€at€all€with€respect€to€Rule€4„301.€€The€Rules€CommitteeÐ ê: Ðthen€devoted€an€entire€full„day€meeting€on€March€7,€2008,€to€theÐ À ÐSubcommitteeððs€recommendations.€€The€meeting€was€well€attended€byÐ –æ Ðprosecutors,€defense€counsel,€and€victimsðð€rightsÐ l¼ Ðrepresentatives,€all€of€whom€were€afforded€the€opportunity€toÐ B’ Ðaddress€the€Committee€with€respect€to€every€aspect€of€the€twoÐ h ÐRules.€€From€those€presentations€and€the€Committeeððs€ownÐ î> Ðdeliberations,€additional€changes€to€the€proposals€submitted€inÐ Ä Ðthe€158òòthóó€Report€were€made.€€Ð šê ÐÌà  àOn€behalf€of€the€Rules€Committee,€I€am€pleased€to€submit€toÐ F –! ÐYour€Honors€this€Supplement€to€the€158òòthóó€Report,€containing€theÐ !l" ÐRules€Committeeððs€final€recommendations€with€respect€to€Rules€4„Ð ò!B# Ð262€and€4„263.€€Because€those€Rules€have€essentially€beenÐ È"$ Ðrewritten,€the€Committeeððs€proposal€is€to€repeal€the€existingÐ ž#î% ÐRules€and€adopt€in€their€place€the€Rules€proposed€in€thisÐ t$Ä& ÐSupplement.€€As€there€appeared€to€be€no€objection€to€the€proposedÐ J%š ' Ðamendment€to€Rule€4„301€as€submitted€in€the€158òòthóó€Report,€theÐ  &p!( ÐCommittee€recommends€adoption€of€the€amendment€already€before€theÐ ö&F") ÐCourt.€€Attached€to€this€Supplement,€for€the€Courtððs€furtherÐ Ì'#* Ðinformation,€are:Ð ¢(ò#+ ÐÌà  àà ` àAppendix€A:€The€ABA€Standards;Ð N*ž%- Ðà  àà ` àAppendix€B:€The€ABA€Commentary€to€those€Standards;Ð $+t&. Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà ` àÔ4‚AÝ ` ÔÝ‚BÍOÝÔÿÔòòÝ  ÝÔ5  ÔAppendix€CÔ6+ÔÝ‚BÍO?ƒÝóóÔÿÔÝ  ÝÔ7Ý mÔ:€An€analysis€of€the€extent€to€which€theÐ ú+J'/ ÐRules€Committeeððs€final€recommendations€conform€toÐ Ð, (0 Ðor€depart€from€the€ABA€Standards€and,€where€thereÐ ¦-ö(1 Ðis€a€significant€departure,€why€the€RulesÐ |.Ì)2 ÐCommittee€chose€that€approach;а¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà ` àAppendix€D:€A€copy€of€all€of€the€written€submissionsÐ †Ö Ðreceived€by€the€Rules€Committee€regarding€Rules€Ð\¬¸ (#¸ (# Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ à4„262€and€4„263,€since€the€Courtððs€hearing€onÐ 2‚ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àDecember€3,€2007;€Ð X Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àÔ4‚LÝ ` ÔÝ‚BÍOÝÔÿÔòòÝ  ÝÔ5  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#àà ` àAppendix€EÔ6ÎÔÝ‚BÍOâƒÝóóÔÿÔÝ  ÝÔ7Ý Ô:€A€list€of€the€areas€in€which€there€mayÐ Þ. Ðremain€a€substantial€disagreement€betweenÐ ´  Ðprosecutors€and€defense€counsel,€or€between€themÐ Š Ú Ðand€others.€€As€to€each€such€area€of€dispute,€theÐ ` ° ÐCommittee€has€attempted€to€set€forth€theÐ 6 †  Ðrespective€positions€of€the€disputants€and€theÐ  \  ÐRules€Committeeððs€thinking€with€respect€to€theÐ â 2  Ðmatter;€Ð¸ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà ` àÔ4‚MÝ ` ÔÝ‚BÍOÝÔÿÔòòÝ  ÝÔ5  ÔAppendix€FÔ6ÐÔÝ‚BÍOäƒÝóóÔÿÔÝ  ÝÔ7Ý  Ô:€Draft€of€a€provision€that€would€requireÐ ŽÞ  Ðbroader€disclosure€of€lay€witnesses€by€theÐ d´  Ðdefense.€€This€is€explained€below;€andÐ:Š ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà  àà ` àÔ4‚NÝ ` ÔÝ‚BÍOÝÔÿÔòòÝ  ÝÔ5  ÔAppendix€GÔ6Y!ÔÝ‚BÍOm!ƒÝóóÔÿÔÝ  ÝÔ7Ý ›!Ô:€Marked€copies€of€Rules€4„263€and€4„262,Ð `  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àshowing€changes€from€the€current€Rules€if€theÐ æ6 Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àproposed€revised€versions€of€the€Rules€areÐ ¼  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àadopted.Ð ’â ÐÌà  àThere€are€two€additional€points€to€be€made.€€First,€the€ABAÐ >Ž ÐStandards€were€adopted€in€1994€and€are€drafted€as€guidelinesÐ d Ðrather€than€Rules.€€It€is€clear€that€a€great€deal€of€thought€wentÐ ê: Ðinto€the€development€of€those€Standards€and€that€the€finalÐ À Ðversion,€to€a€large€extent,€was€the€product€of€compromise€betweenÐ –æ Ðthe€views€and€desires€of€prosecutors€and€defense€counsel.€To€theÐ l¼ Ðextent€that€the€Standards€embody€Constitutional€requirements,Ð B’ Ðtheir€basic€content€can€be€found€in€the€discovery€rulesÐ h Ðthroughout€the€country.€€The€disagreements€arise€from€provisionsÐ î> Ðthat€extend€discovery,€by€either€the€State€or€the€defense,€beyondÐ Ä Ðwhat€is€Constitutionally€required,€and,€in€some€of€thoseÐ šê Ðrespects,€the€Standards€have€not€been€universally€embraced€atÐ pÀ  Ðeither€the€Federal€or€State€level.€€Ð F –! ÐÌà  àAlthough€the€Rules€Committee€has€now€given€consideration€toÐ ò!B# Ðthe€ABA€Standards€and€has€crafted€Rules€4„262€and€4„263€in€closerÐ È"$ Ðharmony€to€them,€its€recommendations€continue€to€depart€from€themÐ ž#î% Ðin€some€respects.€€The€two€most€important€departures€deal€withÐ t$Ä& Ðthe€disclosure€of€witnesses€and€witness€statements€notÐ J%š ' ÐConstitutionally€requiredòòóó.€€The€ABA€Standards€would€require€theÐ  &p!( ÐState€to€disclose€the€names€and€written€statements€of€all€personsÐ ö&F") Ðhaving€information€regarding€the€offense€charged,€not€just€ofÐ Ì'#* Ðpersons€the€State€intends€to€call€as€witnesses,€and€would€requireÐ ¢(ò#+ Ðthe€defense€to€disclose€the€names€and€written€statements€of€allÐ x)È$, Ðpersons€the€defense€intends€to€call€as€witnesses.€€The€parallelÐ N*ž%- Ðthere€is€not€complete.€€For€the€reasons€set€forth€in€Appendices€CÐ $+t&. Ðand€E,€a€majority€of€the€Rules€Committee€continues€to€recommendÐ ú+J'/ Ðthat€those€provisions€not€be€adopted.€€Those€issues€will€have€toÐ Ð, (0 Ðbe€resolved€by€the€Court.€€Because€it€is€such€an€important€issue,Ð ¦-ö(1 Ðlanguage€that€would€impose€the€disclosure€requirement€on€theÐ |.Ì)2 Ðdefense€has€been€drafted€and€submitted€separately€as€Appendix€F.€Ð ° ÐIf€the€Court€wishes€to€adopt€that€provision,€it€easily€can€beÐ †Ö Ðadded€to€the€Rules€as€proposed€in€this€Supplement.€€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àSecond,€one€of€the€principal€objectives€of€the€rewriting€ofÐ X ÐRules€4„262€and€4„263€is€to€bring€greater€clarity€to€what€isÐ Þ. Ðrequired,€so€that€disputes€can€be€avoided€and€the€process€canÐ ´  Ðwork€more€effectively.€€To€that€end,€Rule€4„263€provides€someÐ Š Ú Ðcommon€examples€of€information€the€Rules€Committee€believes,Ð ` ° Ðbased€on€existing€case€law,€would€fall€within€the€ambit€of€ð ðòòBradyóóÐ 6 †  Ðmaterialðð€and€would€need€to€be€disclosed.€€Those€examples€are€notÐ  b  Ðintended€to€òòextendóó€the€scope€of€discovery€but€better€to€òòdefineóóÐ è 8  Ðit.Ð Ä  ÐÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àRespectfully€submitted,Ð F–  ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àAlan€M.€WilnerÐ tÄ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àChairÐ Jš ÐÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àLinda€M.€SchuettÐ xÈ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àCo„ChairÐ Nž ÐÌÌAMW:cdcÐ Ð  ÐÌÌÌÌÐ  þ!N# ÐÔ_ÔÑ€ ÑÑ8€õÜXXd슈d8ÑÔ‡X=XXX%Ôà@˜ ˜ ìàMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆÐ ° ÐÌà@ìàTITLE€4€„€CRIMINAL€CAUSESˆÐ \¬ ÐÌà@0 0 ìàCHAPTER€200€„€PRETRIAL€PROCEDURESˆÐ X ÐÌÌà  àRESCIND€current€Rule€4„262€and€ADD€new€Rule€4„262Ô#†X%XXX=–3#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô,€asÐ Š Ú ÐÌfollows:Ð 6 †  ÐÌÌRule€4„262.€€DISCOVERY€IN€DISTRICT€COURTÐ ¸  ÐÌÌÓÓÔ#†X%XXX=æ4#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€(a)€€ApplicabilityÐ :Š  Ðà  à€€This€Rule€governs€discovery€and€inspection€in€the€DistrictÐ æ6 ÐCourt.€€Discovery€is€available€in€the€District€Court€in€actionsÐ ’â Ðthat€are€punishable€by€imprisonment.Ð >Ž ÐÔ#†X%XXX=²5#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€(b)€€DefinitionsÐ ê: Ðà  à€€In€this€Rule,€the€following€definitions€apply:Ð –æ ÐÔ#†X%XXX=7#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€€€(1)€€GenerallyÐ B’ Ðà  à€€€€The€terms€ð ðdefense,ðð€ð ðdefense€witness,ðð€ð ðoralÐ î> Ðstatement,ðð€and€ð ðStateððs€witness,ðð€have€the€meanings€stated€inÐ šê ÐRule€4„263€(b).Ð F –! ÐÔ#†X%XXX=Á7#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÓÓCross€reference:€€For€the€definition€of€ð ðStateððs€Attorney,ðð€seeÐ ò!B# ÐRule€4„102€(k).Ð È"$ Ѐ€Ô#†X%XXX=9#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ ž#î% ÐÓÓÔ#†X%XXX=å9#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€€€(2)€€Written€StatementÐ t$Ä& Ðà  à€€€€ð ðWritten€statementðð€of€a€person:Ð  &p!( Ѐ€€€€€(A)€includes€a€statement€in€writing€that€is€made,€signed,Ð Ì'#* Ðor€adopted€by€that€person;Ð x)È$, Ѐ€€€€€(B)€includes€a€statement€contained€in€a€police€orÐ $+t&. Ðinvestigative€report;€butÐ Ð, (0 Ѐ€€€€€(C)€does€not€include€attorney€work€product.Ð |.Ì)2 ÐÔ_ÔÓÓCommittee€note:€€The€language€of€Rule€4„263€(b)(5)€is€notÐ ° Ðincluded€in€the€definition€of€ð ðwritten€statementðð€in€Rule€4„262.Ð †Ö ÐÌÓÓ€€(c)€€Obligations€of€the€PartiesÐ 2‚ Ѐ€€€(1)€€Due€DiligenceÐ Þ. Ðà  à€€€€The€Stateððs€Attorney€and€defense€shall€exercise€dueÐ Š Ú Ðdiligence€to€identify€all€of€the€material€and€information€thatÐ 6 †  Ðmust€be€disclosed€under€this€Rule.€€Ð â 2  Ѐ€€€(2)€€Scope€of€ObligationsÐ ŽÞ  Ðà  à€€€€The€obligations€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney€and€the€defenseÐ :Š  Ðextend€to€material€and€information€that€must€be€disclosed€underÐ æ6 Ðthis€Rule€and€that€are€in€the€possession€or€control€of€theÐ ’â Ðattorney,€members€of€the€attorneyððs€staff,€or€any€other€personÐ >Ž Ðwho€either€reports€regularly€to€the€attorneyððs€office€or€hasÐ ê: Ðreported€to€the€attorneyððs€office€in€regard€to€the€particularÐ –æ Ðcase.Ð B’ ÐÓÓCross€reference:€€For€the€obligations€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney,Ð î> Ðsee€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€392€Md.€194€(2006).€€Ð Ä ÐÌÓÓ€€(d)€€Disclosure€by€the€Stateððs€AttorneyÐ vÆ  Ѐ€€€(1)€€Without€RequestÐ "!r" Ðà  à€€€€Without€the€necessity€of€a€request,€the€Stateððs€AttorneyÐ Î"$ Ðshall€provide€to€the€defense€all€material€or€information€in€anyÐ z$Ê& Ðform,€whether€or€not€admissible,€that€tends€to€exculpate€theÐ &&v!( Ðdefendant€or€negate€or€mitigate€the€defendantððs€guilt€orÐ Ò'"#* Ðpunishment€as€to€the€offense€charged€and€all€material€orÐ ~)Î$, Ðinformation€in€any€form,€whether€or€not€admissible,€that€tends€toÐ *+z&. Ðimpeach€a€Stateððs€witness.Ð Ö,&(0 ÐÓÓÐ  ‚.Ò)2 ÐCross€reference:€€See€òòBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373€U.S.€83€(1963);Ð ° ÐòòÔ_ÔKylesÔ_Ô€v.€Whitleyóó,€514€U.S.€419€(1995);€òòÔ_ÔGiglioÔ_Ô€v.€U.S.óó,€405€U.S.Ð ŒÜ Ð150€(1972);€òòU.S.€v.€Ô_ÔAgursÔ_Ôóó,€427€U.S.€97€(1976);€Thomas€v.€State,Ð h¸ Ð372€Md.€342€(2002);€òòGoldsmith€v.€Stateóó,€337€Md.€112€(1995);€andÐ D” ÐòòÔ_ÔLybaÔ_Ô€v.€Stateóó,€321€Md.€564€(1991).Ð  p ÐÌÓÓ€€€€(2)€€On€RequestÐ Ò " Ðà  à€€€€On€request€of€the€defense,€the€Stateððs€Attorney€shallÐ ~ Î Ðprovide€to€the€defense:Ð * z  ÐÔ#†X%XXX=N:#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€€€€€(A)€€Statements€of€Defendant€and€Co„defendantÐ Ö&  Ðà  à€€€€€€All€written€and€all€oral€statements€of€the€defendantÐ ‚Ò  Ðand€of€any€co„defendant€that€relate€to€the€offense€charged€andÐ .~  Ðall€material€and€information,€including€documents€and€recordings,Ô_ÔÐ Ú* Ðthat€relate€to€the€acquisition€of€such€statements;Ô#†X%XXX=-G#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ †Ö Ѐ€€€€€(B)€€Stateððs€WitnessesÐ 2‚ Ðà  à€€€€€€The€name€and,€except€as€provided€under€Code,€CriminalÐ Þ. ÐProcedure€Article,€ðð11„205€or€Rule€16„1009€(b),€the€address€ofÐ ŠÚ Ðeach€Stateððs€witness€whom€the€Stateððs€Attorney€intends€to€call€toÐ 6† Ðprove€the€Stateððs€case€in€chief€or€to€rebut€alibi€testimony,Ð â2 Ðtogether€with€all€written€statements€of€the€person€that€relate€toÐ ŽÞ  Ðthe€offense€charged;Ð :!Š" Ѐ€€€€€(C)€€Searches,€Seizures,€Surveillance,€and€PretrialÐ æ"6$ ÐIdentificationÐ ’$â& Ðà  à€€€€€€All€relevant€material€or€information€regarding:€Ð >&Ž!( Ðà  à€€€(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)€specific€searches€and€seizures,€eavesdropping,€orÐ ê':#* Ðelectronic€surveillance€including€wiretaps;€and€Ð –)æ$, Ðà  à€€€(ii)€pretrial€identification€of€the€defendant€by€aÐ B+’&. ÐStateððs€witness;€Ð î,>(0 Ѐ€€€€€(D)€€Ô#†X%XXX=ýH#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔReports€or€Statements€of€ExpertsÐ š.ê)2 ÐÔ_Ô€€€€€€€€€€€As€to€each€Stateððs€witness€the€Stateððs€AttorneyÐ ° Ðintends€to€call€to€testify€as€an€expert€witness€other€than€at€aÐ \¬ Ðpreliminary€hearing:€Ð X Ðà  à€€€(i)€the€expertÔ#†X%XXX=yM#ÔÔ‡XXXX%Ô=Ô#†X%XXXðN#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ôs€name€and€address,€the€subject€matter€onÐ ´  Ðwhich€the€expert€is€expected€to€testify,€the€substance€of€theÐ d ´ Ðexpertððs€findings€and€opinions,€and€a€summary€of€the€grounds€forÐ  `  Ðeach€opinion;€Ð ¼  Ðà  à€€€(ii)€the€opportunity€to€inspect€and€copy€all€writtenÐ h¸  Ðreports€or€statements€made€in€connection€with€the€action€by€theÐ d  Ðexpert,€including€the€results€of€any€physical€or€mentalÐ À Ðexamination,€scientific€test,€experiment,€or€comparison;€and€Ð l¼ Ðà  à€€€(iii)€the€substance€of€any€oral€report€and€conclusion€byÐ h Ðthe€expert;Ô#†X%XXX=3O#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ Ä Ѐ€€€€€(E)€€Evidence€for€Use€at€TrialÐ pÀ Ðà  à€€€€€€The€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photograph€allÐ l Ðdocuments,€computer-generated€evidence€as€defined€in€Rule€2-504.3Ð È Ð(a),€recordings,€photographs,€or€other€tangible€things€that€theÐ tÄ  ÐStateððs€Attorney€intends€to€use€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial;€and€€Ð  !p" Ѐ€€€€€(F)€€Property€of€the€DefendantÐ Ì"$ Ðà  à€€€€€€The€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photograph€allÐ x$È& Ðitems€obtained€from€or€belonging€to€the€defendant,€whether€or€notÐ $&t!( Ðthe€Stateððs€Attorney€intends€to€use€the€item€at€a€hearing€or€atÐ Ð' #* Ðtrial.€€Ð |)Ì$, Ѐ€(e)€€Disclosure€by€Defenseò òó óÐ (+x&. Ðà  à€€On€request€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney,€the€defense€shallÐ Ô,$(0 Ðprovide€to€the€Stateððs€Attorney:Ð €.Ð)2 ÐÔ#†X%XXX=1R#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€€€(1)€€Reports€or€Statements€of€ExpertsÐ ° Ѐ€€€€€€€€As€to€each€defense€witness€the€defense€intends€to€callÐ \¬ Ðto€testify€as€an€expert€witness:€Ð X Ðà  à€(A)€the€expertÔ#†X%XXX=EV#ÔÔ‡XXXX%Ô=Ô#†X%XXXjW#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ôs€name€and€address,€the€subject€matter€onÐ ´  Ðwhich€the€expert€is€expected€to€testify,€the€substance€of€theÐ d ´ Ðfindings€and€the€opinions€to€which€the€expert€is€expected€toÐ  `  Ðtestify,€and€a€summary€of€the€grounds€for€each€opinion;€Ð ¼  Ðà  à€(B)€the€opportunity€to€inspect€and€copy€all€written€reportsÐ h¸  Ðmade€in€connection€with€the€action€by€the€expert,€including€theÐ d  Ðresults€of€any€physical€or€mental€examination,€scientific€test,Ð À Ðexperiment,€or€comparison;€and€Ð l¼ Ðà  à€(C)€the€substance€of€any€oral€report€and€conclusion€by€theÐ h Ðexpert;Ô#†X%XXX=­W#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€andÐ Ä Ѐ€€€(2)€€Documents,€Computer„generated€Evidence,€and€Other€ThingsÐ pÀ Ðà  à€€€€The€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photograph€anyÐ l Ðdocuments,€computer-generated€evidence€as€defined€in€Rule€2-504.3Ð È Ð(a),€recordings,€photographs,€or€other€tangible€things€that€theÐ tÄ  Ðdefense€intends€to€use€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial.Ð  !p" Ѐ€(f)€€Person€of€the€DefendantÐ Ì"$ Ѐ€€€(1)€€On€RequestÐ x$È& Ðà  à€€€€On€request€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney€that€includesÐ $&t!( Ðreasonable€notice€of€the€time€and€place,€the€defendant€shallÐ Ð' #* Ðappear€for€the€purpose€of:Ð |)Ì$, Ðà  à€(A)€providing€fingerprints,€photographs,€handwritingÐ (+x&. Ðexemplars,€or€voice€exemplars;€Ð Ô,$(0 Ðà  à€(B)€appearing,€moving,€or€speaking€for€identification€in€aÐ €.Ð)2 Ðlineup;€or€Ð ° Ðà  à€(C)€trying€on€clothing€or€other€articles.€€Ð \¬ Ѐ€€€(2)€€On€MotionÐ X Ðà  à€€€€On€motion€filed€by€the€Stateððs€Attorney,€with€reasonableÐ ´  Ðnotice€to€the€defense,€the€court,€for€good€cause€shown,€shallÐ ` ° Ðorder€the€defendant€to€appear€and€(A)€permit€the€taking€of€buccalÐ  \  Ðsamples,€samples€of€other€materials€of€the€body,€or€specimens€ofÐ ¸  Ðblood,€urine,€saliva,€breath,€hair,€nails,€or€material€under€theÐ d´  Ðnails€or€(B)€submit€to€a€reasonable€physical€or€mentalÐ `  Ðexamination.Ð ¼  Ѐ€(g)€€Matters€Not€DiscoverableÐ h¸ Ѐ€€€(1)€€By€any€PartyÐ d Ðà  à€€€€Notwithstanding€any€other€provision€of€this€Rule,Ð À Ðneither€the€Stateððs€Attorney€nor€the€defense€is€required€toÐ l¼ Ðdisclose€(A)€the€mental€impressions,€trial€strategy,€personalÐ h Ðbeliefs,€or€other€privileged€attorney€work€product€or€(B)€anyÐ Ä Ðother€material€or€information€if€the€court€finds€that€itsÐ pÀ  Ðdisclosure€is€not€constitutionally€required€and€would€entail€aÐ !l" Ðsubstantial€risk€of€harm€to€any€person€that€outweighs€theÐ È"$ Ðinterest€in€disclosure.Ô#†X%XXX=¹Z#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ t$Ä& ÐÔ#†X%XXX=.d#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€€€(2)€€By€the€DefenseÐ  &p!( Ðà  à€€€€The€Stateððs€Attorney€is€not€required€to€disclose€theÐ Ì'#* Ðidentity€of€a€confidential€informant€unless€the€Stateððs€AttorneyÐ x)È$, Ðintends€to€call€the€informant€as€a€Stateððs€witness€or€unless€theÐ $+t&. Ðfailure€to€disclose€the€informant's€identity€would€infringe€aÐ Ð, (0 Ðconstitutional€right€of€the€defendant.€Ô#†X%XXX=…d#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ |.Ì)2 ÐÔ#†X%XXX=xf#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€(h)€€Continuing€Duty€to€DiscloseÐ ° Ðà  à€€Each€party€is€under€a€continuing€obligation€to€produceÐ \¬ Ðdiscoverable€material€and€information€to€the€other€side.€€A€partyÐ X Ðwho€has€responded€to€a€request€or€order€for€discovery€and€whoÐ ´  Ðobtains€further€material€information€shall€supplement€theÐ ` ° Ðresponse€promptly.Ð  \  Ѐ€(i)€€ProcedureÐ ¸  Ðà  à€€The€discovery€and€inspection€required€or€permitted€by€thisÐ d´  ÐRule€shall€be€completed€before€the€hearing€or€trial.€€A€requestÐ `  Ðfor€discovery€and€inspection€and€response€need€not€be€in€writingÐ ¼  Ðand€need€not€be€filed€with€the€court.€€If€a€request€was€madeÐ h¸ Ðbefore€the€date€of€the€hearing€or€trial€and€the€request€wasÐ d Ðrefused€or€denied,€the€court€may€grant€a€delay€or€continuance€inÐ À Ðthe€hearing€or€trial€to€permit€the€inspection€or€discovery.Ð l¼ ÐÔ#†X%XXX=Ïf#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€(j)€€Material€Not€to€be€Filed€with€the€CourtÐ h Ðà  à€€Except€as€otherwise€provided€in€these€Rules€or€by€order€ofÐ Ä Ðcourt,€discovery€material€shall€not€be€filed€with€the€court.€€€Ð pÀ  ÐThis€section€does€not€preclude€the€use€of€discovery€material€atÐ !l" Ðtrial€or€as€an€exhibit€to€support€or€oppose€a€motion.Ð È"$ Ѐ€(k)€€Retention;€Inspection€of€OriginalÐ t$Ä& Ðà  à€€The€party€generating€discovery€material€shall€retain€theÐ  &p!( Ðoriginal€until€the€expiration€of€any€sentence€imposed€on€theÐ Ì'#* Ðdefendant€and,€on€request,€shall€make€the€original€available€forÐ x)È$, Ðinspection€and€copying€by€the€other€party.€Ô#†X%XXX=/k#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ $+t&. Ѐ€(l)€€Protective€OrdersÐ Ð, (0 Ðà  à€€On€motion€of€a€party€or€a€person€from€whom€discovery€Ô_ÔisÐ |.Ì)2 Ðsought,€the€court,€for€good€cause€shown,€may€order€that€specifiedÐ ° Ðdisclosures€be€denied€or€restricted€in€any€manner€that€justiceÐ \¬ Ðrequires.Ð X Ѐ€(m)€€Failure€to€Comply€with€Discovery€ObligationÐ ´  Ðà  à€€The€failure€of€a€party€to€comply€with€a€discoveryÐ ` ° Ðobligation€in€this€Rule€does€not€automatically€disqualify€aÐ  \  Ðwitness€from€testifying.€€If€a€motion€is€filed€to€disqualify€theÐ ¸  Ðwitnessððs€Ô_ÔtestimonyÔ#†X%XXX=ln#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô,Ô_Ô€disqualification€is€within€the€discretion€ofÐ d´  Ðthe€Ô_Ôcourt.Ô#†X%XXX=‡q#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÔ_ÔÐ `  ÐÔ_ÔÔ#†X%XXX=6r#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÔ_ÔÌSource:€€This€Rule€is€new.Ð h¸ ÐÓÓÌÔ#†X%XXX=­r#ÔÐ  ê: ÐÔ_ÔÑ€3ÑÔ‡X=XXX%Ôà@˜ ˜ ìàMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆÐ ° ÐÌà@ìàTITLE€4€„€CRIMINAL€CAUSESˆÐ \¬ ÐÌà@0 0 ìàCHAPTER€200€„€PRETRIAL€PROCEDURESˆÐ X ÐÌÌà  àRESCIND€current€Rule€4„263€and€ADD€new€Rule€4„263,€asÐ Š Ú ÐÌfollows:Ð 6 †  ÐÌÌRule€4-263.€€DISCOVERY€IN€CIRCUIT€COURT€Ð ¸  ÐÌÌÓÓ€€(a)€€ApplicabilityÐ :Š  Ðà  à€€This€Rule€governs€discovery€and€inspection€in€a€circuitÐ æ6 Ðcourt.Ð ’â Ѐ€(b)€€DefinitionsÐ >Ž Ðà  à€€In€this€Rule,€the€following€definitions€apply:Ð ê: Ѐ€€€(1)€€DefenseÐ –æ Ðà  à€€€€ð ðDefenseðð€means€an€attorney€for€the€defendant€or€aÐ B’ Ðdefendant€who€is€acting€without€an€attorney.Ð î> Ѐ€€€(2)€€Defense€WitnessÐ šê Ðà  à€€€€ð ðDefense€witnessðð€means€a€witness€whom€the€defenseÐ F –! Ðintends€to€call€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial.Ð ò!B# Ѐ€€€(3)€€Oral€StatementÐ ž#î% Ðà  à€€€ð ðOral€statementðð€of€a€person€means€the€substance€of€aÐ J%š ' Ðstatement€of€any€kind€by€that€person,€whether€or€not€reflected€inÐ ö&F") Ðan€existing€writing€or€recording.Ð ¢(ò#+ Ѐ€€€(4)€€Stateððs€WitnessÐ N*ž%- Ðà  à€€€€ð ðStateððs€witnessðð€means€a€witness€whom€the€StateððsÐ ú+J'/ ÐAttorney€intends€to€call€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial.Ð ¦-ö(1 ÐÔ_ÔÓÓCross€reference:€€For€the€definition€of€ð ðStateððs€Attorney,ðð€seeÐ ° ÐRule€4„102€(k).Ð †Ö ÐÌÓÓ€€€€(5)€€Written€StatementÐ 2‚ Ðà  à€€€€ð ðWritten€statementðð€of€a€person:Ð Þ. Ѐ€€€€€(A)€includes€a€statement€in€writing€that€is€made,€signed,Ð Š Ú Ðor€adopted€by€that€person;Ð 6 †  Ѐ€€€€€(B)€includes€the€substance€of€a€statement€of€any€kind€madeÐ â 2  Ðby€that€person€that€is€embodied€or€summarized€in€a€writing€orÐ ŽÞ  Ðrecording,€whether€or€not€signed€or€adopted€by€the€person;Ð :Š  Ðà  à€(C)€includes€a€statement€contained€in€a€police€orÐ æ6 Ðinvestigative€report;€but€Ð ’â Ðà  à€(D)€does€not€include€attorney€work€product.Ð >Ž Ѐ€(c)€€Obligations€of€the€PartiesÐ ê: Ѐ€€€(1)€€Due€DiligenceÐ –æ Ðà  à€€€€The€Stateððs€Attorney€and€defense€shall€exercise€dueÐ B’ Ðdiligence€to€identify€all€of€the€material€and€information€thatÐ î> Ðmust€be€disclosed€under€this€Rule.€€Ð šê Ѐ€€€(2)€€Scope€of€ObligationsÐ F –! Ðà  à€€€€The€obligations€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney€and€the€defenseÐ ò!B# Ðextend€to€material€and€information€that€must€be€disclosed€underÐ ž#î% Ðthis€Rule€and€that€are€in€the€possession€or€control€of€theÐ J%š ' Ðattorney,€members€of€the€attorneyððs€staff,€or€any€other€personÐ ö&F") Ðwho€either€reports€regularly€to€the€attorneyððs€office€or€hasÐ ¢(ò#+ Ðreported€to€the€attorneyððs€office€in€regard€to€the€particularÐ N*ž%- Ðcase.Ð ú+J'/ ÐÓÓCross€reference:€€For€the€obligations€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney,Ð ¦-ö(1 Ðsee€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€392€Md.€194€(2006).€€Ð |.Ì)2 ЇÓÓ€€(d)€€Disclosure€by€the€Stateððs€AttorneyÐ ° Ðà  à€€Without€the€necessity€of€a€request,€the€Stateððs€AttorneyÐ \¬ Ðshall€provide€to€the€defense:Ô#†X%XXX=vs#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ X Ѐ€€€(1)€€StatementsÐ ´  Ðà  à€€€€All€written€and€all€oral€statements€of€the€defendant€andÐ ` ° Ðof€any€co„defendant€that€relate€to€the€offense€charged€and€allÐ  \  Ðmaterial€and€information,€including€documents€and€recordings,Ô_ÔÐ ¸  Ðthat€relate€to€the€acquisition€of€such€statements;Ð d´  Ѐ€€€(2)€€Criminal€RecordÐ `  Ðà  à€€€€Prior€criminal€convictions,€pending€charges,€andÐ ¼  Ðprobationary€status€of€the€defendant€and€of€any€co„defendant;Ð h¸ Ѐ€€€(3)€€Stateððs€WitnessesÐ d Ðà  à€€€€The€name€and,€except€as€provided€under€Code,€CriminalÐ À ÐProcedure€Article,€Ô_ÔÔ#†X%XXX=m‚#ÔÔ‡XXXX%Ô'Ô#†X%XXXÈ…#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô11„Ô_Ô205€or€Rule€16„1009€(b),€the€address€ofÐ l¼ Ðeach€Stateððs€witness€whom€the€Stateððs€Attorney€intends€to€call€toÐ l Ðprove€the€Stateððs€case€in€chief€or€to€rebut€alibi€testimony,Ð È Ðtogether€with€all€written€statements€of€the€person€that€relate€toÐ tÄ  Ðthe€offense€charged;Ð  !p" Ѐ€€€(4)€€Prior€Ô_ÔConductÔ#†X%XXX= †#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÔ_ÔÐ Ì"$ Ðà  à€€€€All€evidence€of€other€crimes,€wrongs,€or€acts€committedÐ x$È& Ðby€the€defendant€that€the€Stateððs€Attorney€intends€to€offer€at€aÐ $&t!( Ðhearing€or€at€trial€pursuant€to€Rule€5„404€(b);Ð Ð' #* Ѐ€€€(5)€€Exculpatory€InformationÐ |)Ì$, Ðà  à€€€€All€material€or€information€in€any€form,€whether€or€notÐ (+x&. Ðadmissible,€that€tends€to€exculpate€the€defendant€or€negate€orÐ Ô,$(0 Ðmitigate€the€defendantððs€guilt€or€punishment€as€to€the€offenseÐ €.Ð)2 ÐÔ_Ôcharged;Ð ° Ѐ€€€(6)€€Impeachment€InformationÐ \¬ Ðà  à€€€€All€material€or€information€in€any€form,€whether€or€notÐ X Ðadmissible,€that€tends€to€impeach€a€Stateððs€witness,€including:€Ð ´  Ðà  à€(A)€evidence€of€prior€conduct€to€show€the€character€of€theÐ ` ° Ðwitness€for€untruthfulness€pursuant€to€Rule€5„608€(b);€Ô#†X%XXX=ñ‡#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ  \  Ѐ€€€€€(B)€a€relationship€between€the€Stateððs€Attorney€and€theÐ ¸  Ðwitness,€including€the€nature€and€circumstances€of€any€agreement,Ð d´  Ðunderstanding,€or€representation€that€may€constitute€anÐ `  Ðinducement€for€the€cooperation€or€testimony€of€the€witness;€Ð ¼  Ðò òó ó€€€€€€(C)€prior€criminal€convictions,€pending€charges,€orÐ h¸ Ðprobationary€status€that€may€be€used€to€impeach€the€witness,€butÐ d Ðthe€Stateððs€Attorney€is€not€required€to€investigate€the€criminalÐ À Ðrecord€of€the€witness€unless€the€Stateððs€Attorney€knows€or€hasÐ l¼ Ðreason€to€believe€that€the€witness€has€a€criminal€record;€Ð h Ѐ€€€€€(D)€an€oral€statement€of€the€witness,€not€otherwiseÐ Ä Ðmemorialized,€that€is€materially€inconsistent€with€anotherÐ pÀ  Ðstatement€made€by€the€witness€or€with€a€statement€made€by€anotherÐ !l" Ðwitness;Ð È"$ Ðà  à€(E)€a€medical€or€psychiatric€condition€or€addiction€of€theÐ t$Ä& Ðwitness€that€may€impair€the€witnessððs€ability€to€testifyÐ  &p!( Ðtruthfully€or€accurately,€but€the€Stateððs€Attorney€is€notÐ Ì'#* Ðrequired€to€inquire€into€a€witnessððs€medical,€psychiatric,€orÐ x)È$, Ðaddiction€history€or€status€unless€the€Stateððs€Attorney€hasÐ $+t&. Ðinformation€that€reasonably€would€lead€to€a€belief€that€anÐ Ð, (0 Ðinquiry€would€result€in€discovering€a€condition€that€may€impairÐ |.Ì)2 Ðthe€witnessððs€ability€to€testify€truthfully€or€accurately;Ð ° Ðà  à€(F)€the€fact€that€the€witness€has€taken€but€did€not€pass€aÐ \¬ Ðpolygraph€examination;€andÐ X Ðà  à€(G)€the€failure€of€the€witness€to€identify€the€defendant€orÐ ´  Ða€co„defendant;Ð ` ° ÐÓÓCross€reference:€€See€òòBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373€U.S.€83€(1963);Ð  \  ÐòòKyles€v.€Whitleyóó,€514€U.S.€419€(1995);€òòGiglio€v.€U.S.óó,€405€U.S.Ð è 8  Ð150€(1972);€òòU.S.€v.€Agursóó,€427€U.S.€97€(1976);€Thomas€v.€State,Ð Ä  Ð372€Md.€342€(2002);€òòGoldsmith€v.€Stateóó,€337€Md.€112€(1995);€andÐ  ð  ÐòòLyba€v.€Stateóó,€321€Md.€564€(1991).Ð |Ì  ÐÌÓÓ€€€€(7)€€Searches,€Seizures,€Surveillance,€and€PretrialÐ .~  ÐIdentificationÐ Ú* Ðà  à€€€€All€relevant€material€or€information€regarding:€Ð †Ö Ðà  à€(A)€specific€searches€and€seizures,€eavesdropping,€andÐ 2‚ Ðelectronic€surveillance€including€wiretaps;€and€Ð Þ. Ðà  à€(B)€pretrial€identification€of€the€defendant€by€a€StateððsÐ ŠÚ Ðwitness;€Ð 6† Ѐ€€€(8)€€Reports€or€Statements€of€ExpertsÐ â2 Ðà  à€€€€As€to€each€expert€consulted€by€the€Stateððs€Attorney€inÐ ŽÞ  Ðconnection€with€the€action:€Ð :!Š" Ðà  à€(A)€the€expertððs€name€and€address,€the€subject€matter€ofÐ æ"6$ Ðthe€consultation,€the€substance€of€the€expertððs€findings€andÐ ’$â& Ðopinions,€and€a€summary€of€the€grounds€for€each€opinion;€Ð >&Ž!( Ðà  à€(B)€the€opportunity€to€inspect€and€copy€all€written€reportsÐ ê':#* Ðor€statements€made€in€connection€with€the€action€by€the€expert,Ð –)æ$, Ðincluding€the€results€of€any€physical€or€mental€examination,Ð B+’&. Ðscientific€test,€experiment,€or€comparison;€and€Ð î,>(0 Ðà  à€(C)€the€substance€of€any€oral€report€and€conclusion€by€theÐ š.ê)2 Ðexpert;€€Ð ° Ѐ€€€(9)€€Evidence€for€Use€at€TrialÐ \¬ Ðà  à€€€€The€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photograph€allÐ X Ðdocuments,€computer-generated€evidence€as€defined€in€Rule€2-504.3Ð ´  Ð(a),€recordings,€photographs,€or€other€tangible€things€that€theÐ ` ° ÐStateððs€Attorney€intends€to€use€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial;€and€€Ð  \  Ѐ€€€(10)€€Property€of€the€DefendantÐ ¸  Ðà  à€€€€€The€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photograph€allÐ d´  Ðitems€obtained€from€or€belonging€to€the€defendant,€whether€or€notÐ `  Ðthe€Stateððs€Attorney€intends€to€use€the€item€at€a€hearing€or€atÐ ¼  Ðtrial.€€Ð h¸ ÐÔ#†X%XXX=3Œ#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€(e)€€Disclosure€by€DefenseÐ d Ðà  à€€Without€the€necessity€of€a€request,€the€defense€shallÐ À Ðprovide€to€the€Stateððs€Attorney:Ð l¼ Ѐ€€€(1)€€Reports€or€Statements€of€ExpertsÐ h Ѐ€€€€€€€€As€to€each€defense€witness€the€defense€intends€to€callÐ Ä Ðto€testify€as€an€expert€witness:€Ð pÀ  Ðà  à€(A)€the€expertÔ#†X%XXX=Rž#ÔÔ‡XXXX%Ô=Ô#†X%XXX8 #ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ôs€name€and€address,€the€subject€matter€onÐ !l" Ðwhich€the€expert€is€expected€to€testify,€the€substance€of€theÐ Ì"$ Ðfindings€and€the€opinions€to€which€the€expert€is€expected€toÐ x$È& Ðtestify,€and€a€summary€of€the€grounds€for€each€opinion;€Ð $&t!( Ðà  à€(B)€the€opportunity€to€inspect€and€copy€all€written€reportsÐ Ð' #* Ðmade€in€connection€with€the€action€by€the€expert,€including€theÐ |)Ì$, Ðresults€of€any€physical€or€mental€examination,€scientific€test,Ð (+x&. Ðexperiment,€or€comparison;€and€Ð Ô,$(0 Ðà  à€(C)€the€substance€of€any€oral€report€and€conclusion€by€theÐ €.Ð)2 Ðexpert;Ð ° Ѐ€€(2)€€Character€WitnessesÐ \¬ Ѐ€€€€€€€As€to€each€defense€witness€the€defense€intends€to€call€toÐ X Ðtestify€as€to€the€defendantððs€veracity€or€other€relevantÐ ´  Ðcharacter€trait,€the€name€and,€except€when€the€witness€declinesÐ ` ° Ðpermission,€the€address€of€that€witness;Ð  \  Ѐ€€(3)€€Alibi€WitnessesÐ ¸  Ðà  à€€€If€the€Stateððs€Attorney€has€designated€the€time,€place,Ð d´  Ðand€date€of€the€alleged€offense,€the€name€and,€except€when€theÐ `  Ðwitness€declines€permission,€the€address€of€each€person€otherÐ ¼  Ðthan€the€defendant€whom€the€defense€intends€to€call€as€a€witnessÐ h¸ Ðto€show€that€the€defendant€was€not€present€at€the€time,€place,€orÐ d Ðdate€designated€by€the€Stateððs€Attorney;Ð À Ѐ€€€(4)€€Insanity€DefenseÐ l¼ Ѐ€à  à€€€€Notice€of€any€intention€to€rely€on€a€defense€of€notÐ h Ðcriminally€responsible€by€reason€of€insanity,€and€the€name€and,Ð Ä Ðexcept€when€the€witness€declines€permission,€the€address€of€eachÐ pÀ  Ðdefense€witness€other€than€the€defendant€in€support€of€thatÐ !l" Ðdefense;€andÐ È"$ ÐÓÓCommittee€note:€The€address€of€an€expert€witness€must€beÐ t$Ä& Ðprovided.€€See€subsection€(e)(1)(A)€of€this€Rule.Ð J%š ' ÐÌÓÓ€€€€(5)€€Documents,€Computer„generated€Evidence,€and€Other€ThingsÐ ö&F") Ðà  à€€€€The€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photograph€anyÐ ¢(ò#+ Ðdocuments,€computer-generated€evidence€as€defined€in€Rule€2-504.3Ð N*ž%- Ð(a),€recordings,€photographs,€or€other€tangible€things€that€theÐ ú+J'/ Ðdefense€intends€to€use€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial.Ð ¦-ö(1 Ѐ€(f)€€Person€of€the€DefendantÐ ° Ѐ€€€(1)€€On€RequestÐ \¬ Ðà  à€€€€On€request€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney€that€includesÐ X Ðreasonable€notice€of€the€time€and€place,€the€defendant€shallÐ ´  Ðappear€for€the€purpose€of:Ð ` ° Ðà  à€(A)€providing€fingerprints,€photographs,€handwritingÐ  \  Ðexemplars,€or€voice€exemplars;€Ð ¸  Ðà  à€(B)€appearing,€moving,€or€speaking€for€identification€in€aÐ d´  Ðlineup;€or€Ð `  Ðà  à€(C)€trying€on€clothing€or€other€articles.€€Ð ¼  Ѐ€€€(2)€€On€MotionÐ h¸ Ðà  à€€€€On€motion€filed€by€the€Stateððs€Attorney,€with€reasonableÐ d Ðnotice€to€the€defense,€the€court,€for€good€cause€shown,€shallÐ À Ðorder€the€defendant€to€appear€and€(A)€permit€the€taking€of€buccalÐ l¼ Ðsamples,€samples€of€other€materials€of€the€body,€or€specimens€ofÐ h Ðblood,€urine,€saliva,€breath,€hair,€nails,€or€material€under€theÐ Ä Ðnails€or€(B)€submit€to€a€reasonable€physical€or€mentalÐ pÀ  Ðexamination.Ð !l" Ѐ€(g)€€Matters€Not€Discoverableò òó óÐ È"$ Ѐ€€€(1)€€By€any€PartyÐ t$Ä& Ðà  à€€€€Notwithstanding€any€other€provision€of€this€Rule,Ð  &p!( Ðneither€the€Stateððs€Attorney€nor€the€defense€is€required€toÐ Ì'#* Ðdisclose€(A)€the€mental€impressions,€trial€strategy,€personalÐ x)È$, Ðbeliefs,€or€other€privileged€attorney€work€product€or€(B)€anyÐ $+t&. Ðother€material€or€information€if€the€court€finds€that€itsÐ Ð, (0 Ðdisclosure€is€not€constitutionally€required€and€would€entail€aÐ |.Ì)2 Ðsubstantial€risk€of€harm€to€any€person€that€outweighs€theÐ ° Ðinterest€in€disclosure.Ð \¬ Ѐ€€€(2)€€By€the€DefenseÐ X Ðà  à€€€€The€Stateððs€Attorney€is€not€required€to€disclose€theÐ ´  Ðidentity€of€a€confidential€informant€unless€the€Stateððs€AttorneyÐ ` ° Ðintends€to€call€the€informant€as€a€Stateððs€witness€or€unless€theÐ  \  Ðfailure€to€disclose€the€informant's€identity€would€infringe€aÐ ¸  Ðconstitutional€right€of€the€defendant.€Ð d´  Ѐ€(h)€€Time€for€DiscoveryÐ `  Ѐ€€€€€€Unless€the€court€orders€otherwise:€Ð ¼  Ѐ€€€(1)€the€State's€Attorney€shall€make€disclosure€pursuant€toÐ h¸ Ðsection€(d)€of€this€Rule€within€30€days€after€the€earlier€of€theÐ d Ðappearance€of€counsel€or€the€first€appearance€of€the€defendantÐ À Ðbefore€the€court€pursuant€to€Rule€4-213,€and€Ð l¼ Ѐ€€€(2)€the€defense€shall€make€disclosure€pursuant€to€section€(e)Ð h Ðof€this€Rule€no€later€than€30€days€before€the€first€scheduledÐ Ä Ðtrial€date.Ð pÀ  Ѐ€(i)€€Motion€to€Compel€DiscoveryÐ !l" Ѐ€€€(1)€€TimeÐ È"$ Ðà  à€€€€A€motion€to€compel€discovery€based€on€the€failure€toÐ t$Ä& Ðprovide€discovery€within€the€time€required€by€section€(h)€of€thisÐ  &p!( ÐRule€shall€be€filed€within€ten€days€after€the€date€the€discoveryÐ Ì'#* Ðwas€due.€€A€motion€to€compel€based€on€inadequate€discovery€shallÐ x)È$, Ðbe€filed€within€ten€days€after€the€date€the€discovery€wasÐ $+t&. Ðreceived.Ð Ð, (0 Ѐ€€€(2)€€ContentÐ |.Ì)2 Ðà  à€€€€A€motion€shall€specifically€describe€the€information€orÐ ° Ðmaterial€that€has€not€been€provided.€€Ð \¬ Ѐ€€€(3)€€ResponseÐ X Ðà  à€€€€A€response€may€be€filed€within€five€days€after€serviceÐ ´  Ðof€the€motion.€€Ð ` ° Ѐ€€€(4)€€CertificateÐ  \  Ðà  à€€€€The€court€need€not€consider€any€motion€to€compelÐ ¸  Ðdiscovery€unless€the€moving€party€has€filed€a€certificateÐ d´  Ðdescribing€good€faith€attempts€to€discuss€with€the€opposing€partyÐ `  Ðthe€resolution€of€the€dispute€and€certifying€that€they€are€unableÐ ¼  Ðto€reach€agreement€on€the€disputed€issues.€€The€certificate€shallÐ h¸ Ðinclude€the€date,€time,€and€circumstances€of€each€discussion€orÐ d Ðattempted€discussion.€€Ð À Ѐ€(j)€€Continuing€Duty€to€DiscloseÐ l¼ Ðà  à€€Each€party€is€under€a€continuing€obligation€to€produceÐ h Ðdiscoverable€material€and€information€to€the€other€side.€€A€partyÐ Ä Ðwho€has€responded€to€a€request€or€order€for€discovery€and€whoÐ pÀ  Ðobtains€further€material€information€shall€supplement€theÐ !l" Ðresponse€promptly.€€Ð È"$ Ѐ€(k)€€Manner€of€Providing€Discovery;€Material€Not€to€be€FiledÐ t$Ä& Ðwith€CourtÐ  &p!( Ѐ€€€(1)€€By€AgreementÐ Ì'#* Ðà  à€€€€Discovery€may€be€accomplished€in€any€manner€mutuallyÐ x)È$, Ðagreeable€to€the€parties.€€The€parties€shall€file€with€the€courtÐ $+t&. Ða€statement€of€their€agreement.à  à€€€€Ð Ð, (0 Ѐ€€€(2)€€If€No€AgreementÐ |.Ì)2 Ðà  à€€€€In€the€absence€of€an€agreement,€the€party€generating€theÐ ° Ðdiscovery€material€shall€(A)€serve€the€discovery€material€on€theÐ \¬ Ðother€party€and€(B)€promptly€file€with€the€court€a€notice€thatÐ X Ð(i)€reasonably€identifies€the€information€provided€and€(ii)Ð ´  Ðstates€the€date€and€manner€of€service.€€On€request,€the€partyÐ ` ° Ðgenerating€the€discovery€material€shall€make€the€originalÐ  \  Ðavailable€for€inspection€and€copying€by€the€other€party.Ð ¸  Ѐ€€€(3)€€Not€to€be€Filed€with€the€CourtÐ d´  Ðà  à€€€€Except€as€otherwise€provided€in€these€Rules€or€by€orderÐ `  Ðof€court,€discovery€material€shall€not€be€filed€with€the€court.€€€Ð ¼  ÐThis€section€does€not€preclude€the€use€of€discovery€material€atÐ h¸ Ðtrial€or€as€an€exhibit€to€support€or€oppose€a€motion.Ð d Ѐ€(l)€€RetentionÐ À Ðà  à€€The€party€generating€discovery€material€shall€retain€theÐ l¼ Ðoriginal€until€the€earlier€of€the€expiration€of€(i)€any€sentenceÐ h Ðimposed€on€the€defendant€or€(ii)€the€retention€period€that€theÐ Ä Ðmaterial€would€have€been€retained€under€the€applicable€recordsÐ pÀ  Ðretention€and€disposal€schedule€had€the€material€been€filed€withÐ !l" Ðthe€court.€Ð È"$ Ѐ€(m)€€Protective€OrdersÐ t$Ä& Ѐ€€€(1)€€GenerallyÐ  &p!( Ðà  à€€€€On€motion€of€a€party€or€a€person€from€whom€discovery€isÐ Ì'#* Ðsought,€the€court,€for€good€cause€shown,€may€order€that€specifiedÐ x)È$, Ðdisclosures€be€denied€or€restricted€in€any€manner€that€justiceÐ $+t&. Ðrequires.€€Ð Ð, (0 ÐÔ_ÔÐ  |.Ì)2 Ѐ€€€(2)€€In€Camera€ProceedingsÐ ° Ðà  à€€€€On€request€of€a€party€or€a€person€from€whom€discovery€isÐ \¬ Ðsought,€the€court€may€permit€any€showing€of€cause€for€denial€orÐ X Ðrestriction€of€disclosures€to€be€made€in€camera.€€A€record€shallÐ ´  Ðbe€made€of€both€in€court€and€in€camera€proceedings.€€Upon€theÐ ` ° Ðentry€of€an€order€granting€relief€in€an€in€camera€proceeding,€allÐ  \  Ðconfidential€portions€of€the€in€camera€portion€of€the€proceedingÐ ¸  Ðshall€be€sealed,€preserved€in€the€records€of€the€court,€and€madeÐ d´  Ðavailable€to€the€appellate€court€in€the€event€of€an€appeal.Ð `  Ѐ€(n)€€SanctionsÐ ¼  Ðà  à€€If€at€any€time€during€the€proceedings€the€court€finds€thatÐ h¸ Ða€party€has€failed€to€comply€with€this€Rule€or€an€order€issuedÐ d Ðpursuant€to€this€Rule,€the€court€may€order€that€party€to€permitÐ À Ðthe€discovery€of€the€matters€not€previously€disclosed,€strike€theÐ l¼ Ðtestimony€to€which€the€undisclosed€matter€relates,€grant€aÐ h Ðreasonable€continuance,€prohibit€the€party€from€introducing€inÐ Ä Ðevidence€the€matter€not€disclosed,€grant€a€mistrial,€or€enter€anyÐ pÀ  Ðother€order€appropriate€under€the€circumstances.€€The€failure€ofÐ !l" Ða€party€to€comply€with€a€discovery€obligation€in€this€Rule€doesÐ È"$ Ðnot€automatically€disqualify€a€witness€from€testifying.€€If€aÐ t$Ä& Ðmotion€is€filed€to€disqualify€the€witnessððs€testimony,Ð  &p!( Ðdisqualification€is€within€the€discretion€of€the€court.Ð Ì'#* ÐÓÓSource:€€This€Rule€is€new€and€is€derived€in€part€from€former€RuleÐ x)È$, Ð741€and€the€1998€version€of€former€Rule€4„263.Ð N*ž%- ÐÌÌÔ#†X%XXX={ #Ôà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àÐ  Ð, (0 ÐÔ‡X=XXX%Ôò òÑ€53ÑÑ8€Æ;ŠˆdXXdì8ÑÑ  Ñà@””%ìàÔ% €@ ÔòòAPPENDIX€CóóˆÐ ° Ðà@””%ìàòòCOMPARISONˆÐ ”ä Ðà@@ @ ìàPROPOSED€RULE€4„263€AND€ABA€STANDARDSóóˆÐ xÈ Ðó óÌÌòòRule€4„263€(a):€€ApplicabilityÐ  X Ðà  àà ` àò òóóRule€4„263€(a)òòó óóó€states€the€applicability€of€the€Rule€toÐ Þ . Ðdiscovery€in€the€circuit€courts.€€ABA€Standard€11„1.2€recognizesÐ   Ðthat€discovery€procedures€may€be€more€limited€in€cases€involvingÐ ˜ è Ðminor€offenses€than€those€recommended€in€the€ABA€Standards.€€ThatÐ n ¾  Ðis€why€two€separate€Rules€now€exist€and€are€recommended€toÐ D ”  Ðcontinue€to€exist:€Rule€4„262€dealing€with€discovery€in€theÐ j  ÐDistrict€Court€and€Rule€4„263,€applicable€to€cases€in€the€circuitÐ ð@  Ðcourts.Ð Æ  ÐÌòòRule€4„263€(b):€€DefinitionsÐ r  Ðà  àà ` àò òóóRule€4„263€(b)ó ó€contains€five€definitions:€defense,Ð H˜  Ðdefense€witness,€oral€statement,€Stateððs€witness,€and€writtenÐ ,| Ðstatement.€€There€is€no€ABA€Standard€defining€defense,€defenseÐ R Ðwitness,€or€Stateððs€witness.€€Those€terms€are€defined€simply€toÐ Ø( Ðavoid€repeating€the€substance€of€the€definition€throughout€theÐ ®þ ÐRule.€€The€definition€of€ð ðoral€statementðð€is€consistent€with€ABAÐ „Ô ÐStandard€11„1.3(b).€€The€definition€of€ð ðwritten€statementðð€isÐ Zª Ðconsistent€with€ABA€Standard€11„1.3(a).€Ð 0€ ÐÐ  V ÐÔ_Ôà  àThe€definition€of€ð ðwritten€statementðð€constitutes€anÐ ° Ðexpansion€over€the€previous€ABA€conception€of€a€written€statementÐ †Ö Ðand€has€significance€in€terms€of€witness€statements€that€must€beÐ \¬ Ðdisclosed.€€The€text€of€the€definition€of€ð ðwritten€statement,ðð€inÐ 2‚ Ðboth€proposed€Rule€4„263€(b)(5)€and€ABA€Standard€11„1.3(a),Ð X Ðincludes€the€ð ðsubstance€of€a€statement€of€any€kind€made€by€[a]Ð Þ. Ðperson€that€is€embodied€or€summarized€in€any€writing€orÐ ´  Ðrecording,€whether€or€not€signed€or€adopted€by€that€person.ðð€Ð Š Ú ÐBoth€provisions€state€that€the€term€is€intended€to€includeÐ ` ° Ðstatements€contained€in€ð ðpolice€or€investigativeðð€reports€butÐ 6 †  Ðdoes€not€include€ð ðattorney€work€product.ðð€€The€ABA€CommentaryÐ  \  Ðnotes€that€the€term€includes€ð ðdocuments,€such€as€transcripts,Ð â 2  Ðwhich€memorialize€the€statements€of€a€person,€as€well€as€anyÐ ¸  Ðððrecordingðð€of€a€statement,€whether€by€videotape,€audiotape,€orÐ ŽÞ  Ðother€meansðð€but€includes€as€well€writings€which€ð ðembody€theÐ d´  Ðððsubstanceðð€of€a€statement.ðð€€In€that€regard,€the€CommentaryÐ :Š  Ðmakes€clear€that€ð ðthe€standard€goes€beyond€simply€word„for„wordÐ `  Ðrecords€of€the€personððs€oral€statements€[and]€would€include,€forÐ æ6 Ðexample,€an€investigatorððs€notes€of€an€interview€of€a€person€notÐ ¼  Ðsigned€or€adopted€by€that€person.ðð€Ð ’â ÐÌòòRule€4„263€(c):€€Obligations€of€the€PartiesóóÐ >Ž Ðà  àà ` àò òRule€4„263€(c)(1)ó ó€requires€the€parties€ð!ð€prosecutionÐ d Ðand€defense€ð!ð€to€exercise€due€diligence€to€identify€all€materialÐ øH Ðand€information€that€must€be€disclosed€under€the€Rule.€Ð Î Ðò òSubsection€(c)(2)ó ó€makes€clear€that€the€obligation€to€discloseÐ ¤ô Ðextends€to€material€and€information€in€the€possession€and€controlÐ ˆØ Ðof€the€members€of€the€attorneyððs€staff€and€of€others€whoÐ ^® Ðregularly€report€to€or,€with€reference€to€the€particular€case,Ð 4„ Ðhave€reported€to€the€attorneyððs€office.€€This€is€the€currentÐ  Z ÐMaryland€law.Ð à0 Ðà  àRule€4„263€(c)(2)€mirrors€the€language€of€ABA€Standard€11„Ð ¶ Ð4.3(a).€€Subsection€(c)(1)€is€generally€consistent€with€StandardÐ ŒÜ  Ð11„4.3(b)€and€(c)€but€is€stated€in€somewhat€broader€terms.€Ð b ²! ÐStandard€11„4.3(b)€requires€the€òòprosecutoróó€to€make€reasonableÐ 8!ˆ" Ðefforts€to€ensure€that€information€relevant€to€the€defendant€andÐ "d# Ðthe€offense€is€provided€to€the€prosecutor€by€investigativeÐ ê":$ Ðpersonnel.€€Standard€11„4.3(c)€provides€that,€if€the€prosecutorÐ À#% Ðis€aware€of€discoverable€informationòòóó€possessed€by€a€governmentÐ –$æ& Ðagency€that€does€not€report€to€the€prosecutorððs€office,€theÐ l%¼ ' Ðprosecutor€must€disclose€the€existence€of€that€information.€Ð B&’!( Ðà  àABA€Standard€11„4.3(d)€and€(e)€go€beyond€the€traditional€dueÐ 'h") Ðdiligence€obligation.€€Standard€11„4.3(d)€provides€that,€if€aÐ î'>#* Ðrequest€is€made€for€identified€material€that€would€beÐ Ä($+ Ðdiscoverable€if€in€the€possession€or€control€of€a€party€but€whichÐ š)ê$, Ðis€in€the€possession€or€control€of€òòothersóó,€the€party€must€useÐ p*À%- Ðdiligent€good€faith€efforts€to€cause€the€material€to€be€madeÐ L+œ&. Ðavailable.€€The€ABA€Commentary€assumes€that€such€information,€notÐ ",r'/ Ðin€the€possession€and€control€of€the€party€from€whom€it€isÐ ø,H(0 Ðsought,€could€be€obtained€through€subpoena€to€the€third€party€andÐ Î-)1 Ðnotes€that€section€(d)€was€added€to€ð ðencourage€the€parties€to€useÐ ° Ðvoluntary€discovery€methods.ðð€€Rule€4„264€permits€a€subpoena€forÐ †Ö Ðthe€pretrial€inspection€and€copying€of€non„privileged€documentsÐ \¬ Ðand€things€which€may€constitute€relevant€evidence.€€The€RulesÐ 2‚ ÐCommittee€does€not€believe€that€either€prosecutors€or€defenseÐ X Ðcounsel€should€be€burdened€with€trying€to€persuade€third€partiesÐ Þ. Ðover€whom€they€have€no€control€to€turn€over€information€which,Ð ´  Ðfor€their€own€purposes,€they€refuse€voluntarily€to€do.€€TheÐ Š Ú Ðdispute€is€then€between€the€party€seeking€the€information€and€theÐ ` ° Ðthird€party€who€has€it,€and€Rule€4„264€already€provides€an€avenueÐ 6 †  Ðto€resolve€that€dispute.€€Ð  \  Ðà  àStandard€11„4.3(e)€permits€a€court€to€order€the€disclosureÐ â 2  Ðof€material€or€information,€not€otherwise€covered€under€StandardÐ ¸  Ð11„4.3,€upon€a€showing€that€the€items€sought€ð ðare€material€to€theÐ ŽÞ  Ðpreparation€of€the€case.ðð€€The€ABA€Commentary€confirms€that€thisÐ d´  Ðprovision€deals€with€information€ð ðthat€is€outside€the€scope€ofÐ :Š  Ðthe€standardsðð€and€is€to€ensure€that€ð ðthe€courts€will€have€theÐ `  Ðflexibility€needed€to€make€the€discovery€rules€work€in€a€wideÐ æ6 Ðrange€of€criminal€cases.ðð€€The€Rules€Committee€does€not€recommendÐ ¼  Ðthe€adoption€of€that€provision.Ð ’â Ðà  àThe€proposals€submitted€in€the€Supplement€call€for€a€muchÐ h¸ Ðbroader€range€of€discovery€than€is€Constitutionally€required,Ð >Ž Ðthan€is€provided€for€in€the€current€version€of€Rules€Ð d Ð4„262€and€4„263,€and€than€is€required€under€discovery€rulesÐ ê: Ðapplicable€in€Federal€cases.€€Standard€11„4.3(e)€is€extremelyÐ À Ðbroad€and€could€lead€to€a€court€ordering€the€disclosure€ofÐ –æ Ðmaterial,€such€as€attorney€work€product,€that€the€discovery€RulesÐ l¼ Ðactually€seek€to€shield.€€Neither€Fed.€R.€Crim.€Proc.€16€nor€theÐ B’ Ðcomparable€rules€in€most€other€States€contain€such€a€provision.€Ð h ÐÌòòRule€4„263€(d):€€Disclosure€by€the€Stateððs€AttorneyóóÐ Ä Ðà  àà ` àò òRule€4„263€(d)ó ó€requires€the€State,€without€request,€toÐ šê Ðdisclose€to€the€defense€ten€categories€of€material€andÐ ~Î  Ðinformation,€as€follows:Ð T ¤! ÐÌÓÓà  àà ` à(1)€ò òRule€4„263€(d)(1)ó ó€requires€the€disclosure€of€allÐ "P# Ðwritten€and€oral€statements€of€the€defendant€or€any€co„defendantÐ È#% Ðthat€relate€to€the€offense€charged,€along€with€material€andÐ t%Ä ' Ðinformation€relating€to€the€acquisition€of€such€statements.€Ð  'p") ÐSubsection€(d)(1)€is€consistent€with€ABA€Standard€11„2.1(a)(i).Ð Ì($+ Ðà  àà ` à(2)€ò òRule€4„263€(d)(2)€ó órequires€the€disclosure€of€priorÐ x*È%- Ðconvictions,€pending€charges,€or€the€probationary€status€of€theÐ @,'/ Ðdefendant€and€any€co„defendant.€€This€is€consistent€with€ABAÐ ì-<)1 ÐStandard€11„2.1(a)(vi).Ð ° Ðà  àà ` à(3)€ò òRule€4„263€(d)(3)ó ó€requires€disclosure€of€the€namesÐ \¬ Ðand,€with€statutory€exceptions,€the€addresses€of€all€persons€whomÐ $t Ðthe€State€intends€to€call€as€witnesses,€either€in€its€case„in„Ð Ð  Ðchief€or€to€rebut€alibi€testimony,€together€with€all€writtenÐ | Ì Ðstatements€of€such€persons€that€relate€to€the€offense€charged.€Ð ( x  ÐThe€comparable€ABA€Standard€is€Standard€11„2.1(a)(ii).€€Ð Ô$  Ðà  àCurrent€Rule€4„263€(b)(1)€requires€the€disclosure,€onÐ €Ð  Ðrequest,€of€the€names€and€addresses€of€persons€the€State€intendsÐ ,|  Ðto€call€as€witnesses€but€does€not€require€the€disclosure€ofÐ Ø( Ðstatements€by€those€witnesses.€€If€such€statements€constituteÐ „Ô Ðð ðòòBradyóó€material,ðð€they€would€have€to€be€disclosed€without€requestÐ 0€ Ðunder€current€Rule€4„263€(a)(1).€€Otherwise,€oral€statements€doÐ è8 Ðnot€have€to€be€disclosed€at€all€and€written€statements€do€notÐ ”ä Ðhave€to€be€turned€over€until€after€the€witness€has€completedÐ @ Ðdirect€examination,€and€then€only€to€the€extent€they€may€fallÐ ì< Ðwithin€Marylandððs€version€of€the€òòð ðJencksóó€rule.ðð€€Proposed€Rule€Ð ˜è  Ð4„263€(d)(3),€especially€when€coupled€with€the€expandedÐ P! " Ðdefinition€of€ð ðwritten€statement,ðð€significantly€broadens€theÐ ü"L$ Ðcurrent€requirement€by€making€written€witness€statementsÐ ¨$ø& Ðdiscovery€material€that€must€be€disclosed€much€earlier€in€theÐ T&¤!( Ðprocess€and€without€request.€€Ð (P#* Ðà  àSubsection€(d)(3)€departs€in€one€important€respect€from€ABAÐ ¬)ü$, ÐStandard€11„2.1(a)(ii),€which€requires€the€disclosure,€withoutÐ X+¨&. Ðrequest,€not€only€of€persons€whom€the€State€intends€to€call€asÐ -T(0 Ðwitnesses€but€of€ð ðall€persons€known€to€the€prosecution€to€haveÐ ° Ðinformation€concerning€the€offense€chargedðð€and€of€the€writtenÐ \¬ Ðstatements€of€such€persons€ð ðthat€relate€to€the€subject€matter€ofÐ X Ðthe€offense€charged.ðð€€The€ABA€Commentary€notes€that€this€isÐ ´  Ðintended€ð ðbroadly€to€encompass€all€persons€with€any€relevantÐ ` ° Ðknowledge,€helpful€or€harmful€to€either€sideðð€and€recognizes€thatÐ  \  Ðeven€the€pretrial€disclosure€of€prospective€witnesses,€much€lessÐ ¸  Ðanyone€having€relevant€knowledge,€is€neither€ConstitutionallyÐ d´  Ðrequired€nor€required€under€Federal€Rule€Crim.€Proc.€16.€€Ð `  Ðà  àNeither€the€Federal€Rule€nor€the€Rules€in€most€States€haveÐ ¼  Ðadopted€this€expansion.€€Only€a€handful€of€States€require€theÐ h¸ Ðdisclosure€of€persons,€other€than€prospective€witnesses€orÐ d Ðpersons€required€to€be€disclosed€under€òòBradyóó,€simply€because€theyÐ À Ðmay€have€knowledge€about€the€offense.€€The€Rules€Committee€doesÐ xÈ Ðnot€recommend€expanding€the€Maryland€Rule€in€this€regard.€€AsÐ $t Ðunder€current€Rule€4„263€(a)(1),€òòanyóó€material€or€information€inÐ Ð  Ðthe€possession€or€control€of€the€State€that€constitutes€ð ðòòBradyóóÐ ˆØ  Ðmaterialðð€must€be€disclosed€under€subsections€(d)(5)€and€(6)€ofÐ @!" Ðthe€proposed€Rule,€whether€or€not€from€prospective€witnesses.€€AnÐ ì"<$ Ðexpansion€of€subsection€(d)(3)€is€not€necessary€to€cover€thatÐ ˜$è& Ðmaterial.Ð D&”!( Ðà  àThe€Committee€was€concerned€that€the€duty€to€disclose€theÐ ð'@#* Ðnames,€addresses,€and€statements€of€persons€who€are€not€intendedÐ œ)ì$, Ðto€be€called€as€witnesses€and€who€do€not€have€information€thatÐ H+˜&. Ðcould€be€regarded€as€ð ðòòBradyóó€materialðð€not€only€goes€beyond€whatÐ ô,D(0 Ðis€generally€required€throughout€the€country€but€may€be€tooÐ ° Ðambiguous€and€burdensome.€€Prosecutors€noted€that€often,€when€theÐ \¬ Ðpolice€interview€bystanders,€neighbors,€or€others€following€aÐ X Ðcriminal€event,€interviewees€will€advise€that€they€did€not€seeÐ ´  Ðthe€event€and€have€no€knowledge€about€it€but€that€some€otherÐ ` ° Ðperson€may€have€such€knowledge,€that€the€prosecutor€would€notÐ  \  Ðregard€such€interviewees€as€having€knowledge€about€the€offenseÐ ¸  Ðand,€for€that€reason,€would€not€be€inclined€to€call€them€asÐ d´  Ðwitnesses,€but€that€defense€counsel€might€complain€later€thatÐ `  Ðthose€persons€should€have€been€disclosed.€€òòSeeóó€Appendix€E,€ItemÐ ¼  Ð1.Ð tÄ Ðò òòòóóó óà  à(4)€ò òRule€4„263€(d)(4)ó ó€requires€the€disclosure€of€evidenceÐ  p Ðthat€the€State€intends€to€offer€under€Rule€5„404€(b).€€Rule€5„404Ð è8 Ðgenerally€precludes€evidence€of€a€personððs€character€or€trait€ofÐ ”ä Ðcharacter€for€the€purpose€of€proving€action€in€conformityÐ @ Ðtherewith.€€Section€(b)€of€that€Rule,€however,€permits€evidenceÐ ì< Ðof€other€crimes,€wrongs,€or€acts€for€other€purposes,€such€asÐ ˜è  Ðproof€of€motive,€opportunity,€intent,€preparation,€common€schemeÐ D!”" Ðor€plan,€knowledge,€identity,€or€absence€of€mistake€or€accident.€Ð ð"@$ ÐThat€kind€of€evidence€is€admissible€as€substantive€evidence€andÐ œ$ì& Ðnot€merely€for€impeachment.€€It€may€be€in€a€form€that€would€fallÐ H&˜!( Ðwithin€the€disclosure€provisions€of€other€sections€of€theÐ ô'D#* Ðproposed€amendments€to€Rule€4„263,€but€the€Rules€Committee€feltÐ  )ð$, Ðthat€there€should€be€an€express€requirement€to€disclose€this€kindÐ L+œ&. Ðof€evidence,€which€is€what€subsection€(d)(4)€accomplishes.€€TheÐ ø,H(0 Ðcomparable€ABA€Standard€11.2.1(b)€provides€that,€ð ð[i]f€theÐ ° Ðprosecution€intends€to€use€character,€reputation,€or€other€act€ofÐ \¬ Ðevidence,€the€prosecution€should€notify€the€defense€of€thatÐ X Ðintention€and€the€substance€of€the€evidence€to€be€used.ðð€€TheÐ ´  ÐRules€Committee€believes€that,€because€this€is€substantiveÐ ` ° Ðevidence,€the€State€should€disclose€the€evidence€itself€and€notÐ  \  Ðjust€the€ð ðsubstanceðð€of€it.Ð ¸  ÐÓÓÌÓÓà  à(5)€ò òRule€4„263€(d)(5)ó ó€codifies€the€òòBradyóó€requirement€ofÐ :Š  Ðdisclosing,€without€request,€exculpatory€evidence€ð!ð€evidence€thatÐ R Ðwould€negate€or€mitigate€the€defendantððs€guilt€or€mitigateÐ ®þ Ðpunishment.€€It€requires€the€disclosure€of€material€andÐ Zª Ðinformation,€whether€or€not€admissible,€that€tends€to€ð ðexculpateÐ V Ðthe€defendant€or€negate€or€mitigate€the€defendantððs€guilt€orÐ ² Ðpunishment€as€to€the€offense€charged.ðð€€ABA€Standard€11„Ð ^® Ð2.1(a)(viii)€requires€disclosure€of€material€or€information€ð ðthatÐ  Z Ðtends€to€negate€the€guilt€of€the€defendant€as€to€the€offenseÐ ¶ Ðcharged€or€which€would€tend€to€reduce€the€punishment€of€theÐ b ²! Ðdefendant.ðð€€The€ABA€Standard€omits€any€specific€mention€ofÐ "^# Ðevidence€that€tends€to€ð ðmitigateðð€guilt,€which€the€RulesÐ º# % ÐCommittee€believes€should€continue€to€be€explicit€in€the€Rule.€Ð f%¶ ' ÐòòSee€Ware€v.€Stateóó,€348€Md.€19€(1997).€€Other€than€that€addition,Ð 'b") Ðthe€Committee€believes€that€subsection€(d)(5)€is€consistent€withÐ Ê($+ Ðthe€ABA€Standard.Ð v*Æ%- ÐÓÓÌÓÓà  à(6)€ò òRule€4„263€(d)(6)ó ó€codifies€the€òòBradyóó€requirement€ofÐ ø,H(0 Ðdisclosing,€without€request,€evidence€in€the€possession€orÐ ° Ðcontrol€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney€that€may€be€used€to€impeachÐ \¬ ÐStateððs€witnesses.€€It€requires€the€disclosure€of€material€andÐ X Ðinformation,€whether€or€not€admissible,€ð ðthat€tends€to€impeach€aÐ ´  ÐStateððs€witness.ðð€€That€kind€of€evidence,€whatever€form€it€takes,Ð ` ° Ðis€ð ðòòBradyóó€material.ðð€€For€guidance,€subsection€(d)(6)€then€listsÐ  \  Ðsome€common€examples€of€information€falling€within€that€categoryÐ Ä  Ðof€impeachment€evidence,€including:Ð pÀ  ÐÓÓÌÓÓà  àà ` àòòRule€4„263€(d)(6)(A)óó:€€Evidence€of€prior€conduct€thatÐ òB Ðmight€be€admissible€under€Rule€5„608€(b)€to€show€the€character€ofÐ žî Ðthe€witness€for€untruthfulness.€€Except€to€the€extent€that€theÐ Jš Ðsubstance€of€such€evidence€may€be€subject€to€disclosure€under€ABAÐ öF ÐStandard€11„2.1(a)(viii)€ò ò[see€Rule€4„263€(d)(3)€òòanteóó]ó ó,€there€isÐ ¢ò Ðno€counterpart€ABA€Standard.Ð n¾ ÐÓÓÌÓÓà  àà ` àòòRule€4„263€(d)(6)(B)óó:€€Evidence€of€a€relationshipÐ ð@ Ðbetween€the€Stateððs€Attorney€and€a€Stateððs€witness,€including€theÐ œì  Ðnature€and€circumstances€of€any€agreement,€understanding,€orÐ H!˜" Ðrepresentation€between€the€Stateððs€Attorney€and€the€witness€thatÐ ô"D$ Ðconstitutes€an€inducement€for€the€cooperation€or€testimony€of€theÐ  $ð& Ðwitness.€€That€essentially€mirrors€ABA€Standard€11„2.1(a)(iii).Ð L&œ!( ÐÓÓÌÓÓà  àà ` àòòRule€4„263€(d)(6)(C)óó:€€Any€record€of€prior€criminalÐ Î($+ Ðconvictions,€pending€charges,€or€probationary€status€that€may€beÐ z*Ê%- Ðused€to€impeach€any€witness€to€be€called€by€the€State,€with€theÐ &,v'/ Ðcaveat€that€the€Stateððs€Attorney€is€not€required€to€investigateÐ Ò-")1 Ðthe€criminal€record€of€a€Stateððs€witness€unless€the€StateððsÐ ° ÐAttorney€knows€or€has€reason€to€believe€that€the€witness€has€aÐ \¬ Ðcriminal€record.€€The€first€clause€of€subsection€(d)(6)(C),Ð X Ðcreating€the€duty€of€disclosure,€mirrors€ABA€StandardÐ ´  Ð11.2.1(a)(vi).€€The€second€clause€is€inserted€to€make€clear€thatÐ ` ° Ðthe€Stateððs€Attorney€has€no€obligation€under€the€due€diligenceÐ  \  Ðrequirement€to€check€the€criminal€records€ofò ò€ó óStateððs€witnessesÐ ¸  Ðunless€he€or€she€knows€or€has€reason€to€believe€that€such€aÐ €Ð  Ðrecord€exists.€€There€is€no€counterpart€ABA€Standard€to€thatÐ ,|  Ðprovision.€ò òó ó€òòSeeóó€Appendix€E,€Item€2.Ð Ø( Ðà  àà ` àòòRule€4„263€(d)(6)(D)óó:€€An€oral€statement€not€otherwiseÐ à Ðmemorialized€made€by€a€witness€that€is€materially€inconsistentÐ <Œ Ðwith€another€statement€made€by€the€witness€or€with€a€statementÐ è8 Ðmade€by€another€witness.€€There€is€no€specific€counterpart€ABAÐ ”ä ÐStandard,€but€because€a€witness€clearly€may€be€impeached€throughÐ @ Ðthe€use€of€a€prior€inconsistent€statement€(Rule€5„616€(a)(1)),Ð ì< Ðinformation€of€this€kind,€at€least€with€respect€to€a€StateððsÐ ˜è  Ðwitness€known€to€the€Stateððs€Attorney,€would€constitute€ò òð ðòòó óBradyóóÐ D!”" Ðmaterial.ðð€€òòSeeóó€òòBruce€v.€Stateóó,€318€Md.€706,€725€(1990)€(ð ð[I]fÐ  #\$ Ðthe€State€is€aware€of€prior€inconsistent€statements€made€by€aÐ Ä$ & Ðwitness€to€a€police€officer,€it€may€have€an€obligation€to€produceÐ p&À!( Ðthis€information€under€the€duty€to€furnish€exculpatoryÐ (l#* Ðevidence.ðð).€€òòSeeóó€Appendix€E,€Item€3.Ð È)%, ÐÓÓÌÓÓà  àà ` àòòRule€4„263€(d)(6)(E)óó:€€A€medical,€psychiatric,€orÐ V,¦'/ Ðaddiction€condition€of€a€witness€that€may€impair€the€witnessððsÐ .R)1 Ðability€to€testify€truthfully€or€accurately,€except€that€theÐ ° ÐStateððs€Attorney€is€not€required€to€inquire€into€a€witnessððsÐ \¬ Ðmedical,€psychiatric,€or€addiction€history€or€status€unless,€fromÐ X Ðinformation€already€possessed,€the€Stateððs€Attorney€knows€or€hasÐ ´  Ðreason€to€believe€that€an€inquiry€would€result€in€discovering€aÐ ` ° Ðcondition€that€may€impair€the€witnessððs€ability€to€testifyÐ  \  Ðtruthfully€or€accurately.€€There€is€no€specific€counterpart€ABAÐ ¸  ÐStandard.€€Ð d´  Ðà  àThe€first€part€of€this€requirement€was€included€in€aÐ `  ÐCommittee€note€in€the€proposed€Rule€submitted€with€the€158òòthóóÐ ¼  ÐReport€and€attracted€adverse€comment€by€prosecutors€and€victimsððÐ h¸ Ðrights€advocates.€€Some€context€is€required.€€Medical€andÐ d Ðpsychiatric€records€and€information€are€generally€privileged.€€IfÐ À Ðthey€are€in€the€hands€of€a€third€party€and€are€not€in€theÐ l¼ Ðpossession€or€control€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney,€they€do€not,€forÐ h Ðthat€reason,€constitute€ð ðòòBradyóó€materialðð€and€are€therefore€notÐ Ä Ðrequired€to€be€disclosed€by€the€Stateððs€Attorney.€€òòSee€GoldsmithÐ |Ì  Ðv.€Stateóó,€337€Md.€112€(1995);€òòThomas€v.€Stateóó,€372€Md.€342Ð 4!„" Ð(2002).€€The€òòBradyóó€issue€arises€when€such€information,€which€mayÐ ì"<$ Ðinclude€statements€by€the€witness€describing€the€witnessððsÐ ¤$ô& Ðmedical€or€psychiatric€condition€or€status,€òòareóó€in€the€possessionÐ P& !( Ðor€control€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney.€Ð (X#* Ðà  àEven€then,€it€is€not€all€such€information€that€is€subject€toÐ ´)%, Ðdisclosure€but€only€information€tending€to€establish€a€conditionÐ `+°&. Ðwhich€may€impair€the€witnessððs€ability€to€testify€truthfully€orÐ  -\(0 Ðaccurately.€€If€the€condition€is€of€that€kind€and€severity,€theÐ ° ÐRules€Committee€believes€it€would€constitute€ð ðòòBradyóó€materialðð€andÐ \¬ Ðwould€have€to€be€disclosed,€notwithstanding€the€personal€interestÐ d Ðof€the€witness€in€having€it€shielded.€€òòSee€United€States€v.€Grayóó,Ð À  Ð52€Fed.€Appx.€945€(9òòthóó€Cir.€2002)€(records€obtained€by€prosecutorÐ x È Ðindicating€Government€witness€had€ð ðauditory€hallucinationsðð€andÐ $ t  Ðwas€ð ðactively€psychoticðð€required€to€be€disclosed€underòòóó€òòBradyóó);Ð Ð  ÐòòUnited€States€v.€Boydóó,€55€F.3d€239€(7òòthóó€Cir.€1995)€(GovernmentððsÐ ˆØ  Ðknowledge€that€witnesses€were€using€drugs€throughout€the€trialÐ @  Ðrequired€to€be€disclosed);€òòalso€Lyba€v.€Stateóó,€321€Md.€564€(1991)Ð ì< Ð(error€not€to€permit€cross„examination€of€victim„witness€as€toÐ ¤ô Ðwhether€she€was€on€drugs€at€time€of€assault€and€had€consumedÐ P  Ðalcohol€at€time€she€identified€defendant).Ð üL Ðà  àSome€of€the€concern€expressed€by€prosecutors€and€victimsððÐ ¨ø Ðrights€advocates€was€whether,€under€the€due€diligenceÐ T¤ Ðrequirement,€prosecutors€were€required€to€interrogate€witnessesÐ P Ðabout€their€medical,€psychiatric,€or€addiction€background€andÐ ¬ü  Ðwhether,€if€victims€volunteered€this€information€to€victimÐ X!¨" Ðcounselors€employed€by€the€police€or€the€Stateððs€Attorney€and€theÐ #T$ Ðcounselor€made€written€notes€of€the€conversation,€those€notesÐ °$ & Ðwould€subject€to€discovery.€€With€respect€to€the€first€concern,Ð \&¬!( Ðthe€Rules€Committee€is€of€the€view€that€the€Stateððs€Attorney€isÐ (X#* Ðunder€no€obligation€to€inquire€into€the€medical,€psychiatric,€orÐ ´)%, Ðaddiction€history€or€condition€of€its€witnesses,€unless€theÐ `+°&. ÐStateððs€Attorney€knows€or€has€reason€to€believe€that€an€inquiryÐ  -\(0 Ðwould€produce€discoverable€information,€in€which€event€theÐ ° Ðprosecutor€may€not€remain€wilfully€ignorant.€€As€to€the€secondÐ \¬ Ðconcern,€the€issue€is€whether€the€written€notes€fall€within€theÐ X Ðdefinition€of€ð ðwritten€statement.ðð€€òòSeeóó€subsection€(b)(5).€€IfÐ ´  Ðso,€they€must€be€disclosed.€€The€Rules€Committee€does€notÐ l ¼ Ðperceive€any€requirement€that€a€victim€counselor€make€writtenÐ  h  Ðnotes€of€this€kind€of€information.€€òòSeeóó€Appendix€E,€Item€4.Ð Ä  ÐÓÓÌÓÓà  àà ` àòòRule€4„263€(d)(6)(F)óó:€€The€fact€that€a€Stateððs€witnessÐ R¢  Ðhas€taken€but€did€not€pass€a€polygraph€test.€€There€is€noÐ þN Ðcounterpart€ABA€Standard.€€Any€oral€or€written€statement€made€byÐ ªú Ðthe€defendant€or€a€co„defendant€in€the€course€of€polygraphÐ V¦ Ðexamination€that€is€in€the€possession€or€control€of€the€StateððsÐ R ÐAttorney€must€be€disclosed€under€proposed€Rule€4„263€(d)(1).€€AnyÐ ®þ Ðwritten€statement€made€by€a€Stateððs€witness€in€the€course€of€suchÐ Zª Ðan€examination€must€be€disclosed€under€Rule€4„263€(d)(3).€€TheÐ V Ðissue€here€concerns€not€the€statement€but€the€recorded€belief€byÐ ² Ðthe€polygraph€examiner€that€the€witness€was€not€being€truthful.€Ð ^ ®! ÐThe€case€law€regarding€this€kind€of€information€is€not€altogetherÐ  "Z# Ðclear.€€In€òòWood€v.€Bartholomewóó,€516€U.S.€1€(1995),€the€SupremeÐ ¶#% ÐCourt€held€that,€where€the€examinerððs€opinion€would€have€beenÐ n%¾ ' Ðinadmissible€in€evidence,€even€for€impeachment€purposes,€non„Ð 'j") Ðdisclosure€by€the€State€did€not€constitute€a€òòBradyóó€violation€andÐ Æ($+ Ðdid€not€require€reversal€of€a€conviction€because€disclosure€mayÐ ~*Î%- Ðhave€affected€trial€strategy€of€the€defense.€€òòCompareóó,€however,òòÐ *,z'/ ÐPatrick€v.€Stateóó,€329€Md.€24€(1992),€decided€before€òòWoodóó,€butÐ â-2)1 Ðholding€that,€notwithstanding€that€the€opinion€of€the€polygraphÐ ° Ðexaminer€was€inadmissible,€ð ðthe€reports€of€State€experts€who€haveÐ \¬ Ðconducted€polygraph€examinations,€whether€the€results€areÐ X Ðexculpatory€of€the€accusedððs€guilt€or€not,€constituteÐ ´  Ðdiscoverable€ððscientific€testsðð€within€the€contemplation€of€[RuleÐ ` ° Ð4„263€(b)(4)]€[reports€of€experts].ðð€€Ð  \  Ðà  àThe€Rules€Committee€is€of€the€view€that,€where€the€State€isÐ ¸  Ðaware€that€a€Stateððs€witness€underwent€a€polygraph€examinationÐ d´  Ðand€the€examiner€concluded€that€the€witness€was€not€beingÐ `  Ðtruthful,€that€information€should€be€disclosed,€even€ifÐ ¼  Ðinadmissible€in€evidence€and€whether€or€not€required€by€òòBradyóó.€Ð h¸ ÐOn€balance,€there€is€no€harm€to€the€State€in€disclosing€thatÐ  p Ðinformation,€but€it€may€be€useful€to€the€defense€in€finding€otherÐ Ì Ðevidence€with€which€to€impeach€the€witness,€which€was€theÐ xÈ Ðrationale€of€òòPatrickóó.€€Rather€than€leave€the€matter€uncertain,Ð $t Ðthe€Committee€believes€that€an€affirmative€statement€isÐ Ü, Ðdesirable.Ð ˆØ  ÐÓÓÌÓÓà  àà ` àòòRule€4„263€(d)(6)(G)óó:€€The€failure€of€a€witness€to€makeÐ  "Z# Ðan€identification€of€the€defendant€or€a€co„defendant.€€There€isÐ ¶#% Ðno€specific€comparable€ABA€Standard,€although€this€informationÐ b%² ' Ðwould€appear€to€be€discoverable€under€ABA€Standard€11„Ð '^") Ð2.1(a)(vii),€which€requires€the€disclosure€of€ð ð[a]ny€material,Ð º( $+ Ðdocuments,€or€information€relating€to€lineups,€showups,€andÐ f*¶%- Ðpicture€or€voice€identifications€in€relation€to€the€case.ððÐ ,b'/ ÐThe€Rules€Committee€notes€that€its€proposal€deals€only€with€theÐ ¾-)1 Ðfailure€to€make€an€identification€and€does€not€appear€to€includeÐ ° Ða€misidentification.€€That€information€would€likely€beÐ \¬ Ðdiscoverable€under€subsection€(d)(4)€as€exculpatory€information.Ð X ÐÓÓÌÓÓà  àà ` à(7)€ò òRule€4„263€(d)(7)ó ó€requires€disclosure€of€allÐ Š Ú Ðrelevant€material€or€information€relating€to€(i)€specificÐ R ¢  Ðsearches,€seizures,€eavesdropping,€and€electronic€surveillance,Ð þ N  Ðincluding€wiretaps€and€(ii)€pretrial€identification€of€theÐ ªú  Ðdefendant€by€a€Stateððs€witness.€€The€comparable€ABA€Standards€areÐ V¦  ÐStandards€11„2.1(a)(vii),€11„2.1(c),€and€11„2.1(d).€€As€noted,Ð R ÐStandard€11„2.1(a)(vii)€requires€the€disclosure€of€ð ðmaterial,Ð ®þ Ðdocuments,€or€information€relating€to€lineups,€showups,€andÐ Zª Ðpicture€or€voice€identifications€in€relation€to€the€case.ðð€Ð V ÐStandard€11„2.1(c)€provides€that,€if€the€defendantððsÐ ² Ðconversations€or€premises€have€been€subjected€to€electronicÐ ^® Ðsurveillance€(including€wiretapping)€in€connection€with€theÐ  Z Ðinvestigation€or€prosecution€of€the€case,€the€prosecution€shouldÐ ¶ Ðinform€the€defense€of€that€fact.ðð€€Standard€11„2.1(d)€providesÐ b ²! Ðthat,€if€any€tangible€object€which€the€State€intends€to€offer€atÐ "^# Ðtrial€was€obtained€through€a€search€and€seizure,€the€prosecutionÐ º# % Ðshould€disclose€ð ðany€information,€documents,€or€other€materialÐ f%¶ ' Ðrelating€to€the€acquisition€of€such€objects.ððÐ 'b") Ðà  àRule€4„263€(d)(7),€when€coupled€with€subsection€(d)(6)(G)€isÐ ¾($+ Ðgenerally€consistent€with€those€Standards,€but€there€are€someÐ j*º%- Ðdifferences.€€As€to€identification€evidence,€the€ABA€StandardÐ ,f'/ Ðwould€seem€to€apply€to€the€identification€(or€not)€of€anyone;Ð Â-)1 Ðsubsections€(d)(6)(G)€and€(d)(7)€cover€only€identifications€ofÐ ° Ðthe€defendant€or€co„defendant€by€a€Stateððs€witness€(or€failure€toÐ \¬ Ðmake€such€an€identification).€€Subsection€(d)(7)€follows€theÐ X Ðcurrent€Rule,€and€the€Rules€Committee€saw€no€need€to€expand€theÐ ´  ÐRule.€€The€ABA€Standard€requires€only€that€the€State€inform€theÐ ` ° Ðdefense€of€electronic€surveillance€and€does€not€requireÐ  \  Ðdisclosure€of€relevant€material€concerning€it.€€To€that€extent,Ð ¸  Ðsubsection€(d)(7)€is€broader€than€the€ABA€Standard.€€With€respectÐ d´  Ðto€the€disclosure€of€information€regarding€specific€searches€andÐ `  Ðseizures,€subsection€(d)(7)€is€comparable€to€ABA€Standard€11„Ð ¼  Ð2.1(d).Ð h¸ ÐÓÓÌÓÓà  àà ` à(8)€ò òRule€4„263€(d)(8)ó ó€requires€disclosure€of€the€nameÐ ê: Ðand€address€of€each€expert€consulted€by€the€State€in€connectionÐ ² Ðwith€the€action,€the€subject€matter€of€the€consultation,€theÐ ^® Ðsubstance€of€the€expertððs€findings€and€opinions,€and€a€summary€ofÐ  Z Ðthe€grounds€for€each€opinion.€€The€Stateððs€Attorney€must€alsoÐ ¶ Ðafford€the€defense€the€opportunity€to€inspect€and€copy€allÐ b ²! Ðwritten€reports€or€statements€made€in€connection€with€the€actionÐ "^# Ðby€the€expert€and€provide€the€substance€of€any€oral€report€orÐ º# % Ðconclusion€by€the€expert.€€This€is€generally€consistent€with€ABAÐ f%¶ ' ÐStandard€11„2.1(iv).Ð 'b") ÐÓÓÌÓÓà  àà ` à(9)€ò òRule€4„263€(d)(9)ó ó€requires€the€Stateððs€Attorney€toÐ ”)ä$, Ðafford€the€defense€the€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€andÐ \+¬&. Ðphotograph€documents,€computer„generated€evidence,€recordings,Ð -X(0 Ðphotographs,€or€other€tangible€items€that€the€State€intends€toÐ ° Ðuse€at€a€hearing€or€trial.€€ABA€Standard€11„2.1(a)(v)€requiresÐ \¬ Ðthe€disclosure€and€right€to€inspect,€copy,€test,€and€photographÐ X Ðthose€kinds€of€tangible€objects€ð ðwhich€pertain€to€the€case€orÐ ´  Ðwhich€were€obtained€for€or€belong€to€the€defendantðð€and€directsÐ ` ° Ðthat€the€State€identify€which€of€those€objects€it€intends€toÐ  \  Ðoffer€as€evidence€at€trial.€€Rule€4„263€(d)(9)€does€not€mentionÐ ¸  Ðthe€right€to€test€the€material.€€Moreover,€as€noted,€it€appliesÐ d´  Ðonly€to€items€that€the€State€intends€to€use€as€evidence,€notÐ `  Ðthose€which€may€ð ðpertain€to€the€caseðð€but€which€the€State€doesÐ ¼  Ðnot€intend€to€use€as€evidence.€€This€follows€the€RulesÐ h¸ ÐCommitteeððs€general€view,€also€expressed€in€other€sections,€that,Ð d Ðother€than€ò òð ðòòó óBradyóó€material,ðð€the€requirement€of€disclosure€shouldÐ À Ðbe€limited€to€information€or€material€the€State€intends€to€use€asÐ ˆØ Ðevidence.€€òòSeeóó€however,€the€explanation€of€Rule€4„263(d)(10),Ð 4„ Ðimmediately€following.Ð ì< ÐÓÓÌÓÓà  àà ` à(10)€ò òRule€4„263€(d)(10)€ó órequires€the€Stateððs€AttorneyÐ n ¾! Ðto€afford€the€defense€the€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€andÐ 6"†# Ðphotograph€any€item€obtained€from€or€belonging€to€the€defendant,Ð â#2% Ðwhether€or€not€the€State€intends€to€use€the€item€at€a€hearing€orÐ Ž%Þ ' Ðtrial.€€That€requirement€is€generally€consistent€with€ABAÐ :'Š") ÐStandard€11„2.1(a)(v),€although,€as€noted,€it€does€not€mentionÐ æ(6$+ Ðthe€right€to€test€the€items.Ð ’*â%- ÐÓÓÌÓÓòòRule€4„263€(e):€€Disclosure€by€DefenseóóÐ -d(0 Ðà  àà ` àò òRule€4„263€(e)ó ó,€as€proposed,€requires€the€defense€(1)Ð ° Ðwithout€request,€to€disclose€five€categories€of€material€andÐ xÈ Ðinformation€ð!ð€experts,€character€witnesses,€alibi€witnesses,Ð $t Ðinsanity€defense€witnesses,€and€documents€and€tangible€items€theÐ Ð  Ðdefense€intends€to€use€at€trial€or€a€hearing,€(2)€upon€request,Ð | Ì Ðto€have€the€defendant€appear€for€the€purpose€of€providing€certainÐ ( x  Ðidentifying€information,€and€(3)€upon€motion€and€court€order,€toÐ Ô$  Ðhave€the€defendant€appear€for€the€purpose€of€providing€certainÐ €Ð  Ðadditional€kinds€of€identifying€information€and€to€submit€to€aÐ ,|  Ðphysical€or€mental€examination.€€Ð Ø( Ðà  àABA€Standard€11„2.2(a)(i)€requires€the€defense€to€discloseÐ „Ô Ðthe€names€and€addresses€of€all€witnesses,€other€than€theÐ 0€ Ðdefendant,€whom€the€defense€intends€to€call€at€trial,€togetherÐ Ü, Ðwith€all€written€statements€of€those€witnesses€that€are€withinÐ ˆØ Ðthe€possession€or€control€of€the€defense€and€that€relate€to€theÐ 4„ Ðsubject€matter€of€the€testimony€of€the€witness.€€Standard€11„Ð à0 Ð2.2(a)(i)€does€not€require€disclosure€of€witnesses€who€will€beÐ ŒÜ  Ðcalled€for€the€sole€purpose€of€impeaching€a€Stateððs€witness€untilÐ 8!ˆ" Ðafter€the€Stateððs€witness€has€testified.€€Ð ä"4$ Ðà  àThis€Standard€was€a€major€innovation€by€the€ABA€and€wasÐ $à& Ðintended€to€provide€a€balance€to€Standard€11„2.1(a)(ii),€whichÐ <&Œ!( Ðrequires€the€State€to€disclose€not€only€the€names,€addresses,€andÐ è'8#* Ðstatements€of€its€witnesses€but€of€all€persons€known€to€the€StateÐ ”)ä$, Ðto€have€information€concerning€the€offense.€€The€ABA€CommentaryÐ @+&. Ðnotes€that€those€were€ð ðreciprocal€requirements€on€the€prosecutionÐ ì,<(0 Ðand€defense,ðð€and€that€ð ð[t]he€two€standards€go€hand„in„hand,€andÐ ˜.è)2 Ðmust€be€read€together.ðð€€The€Commentary€points€out:Ð ° ÐÓÓà8  àà8` Ð Ð àð ðThe€defense€attorneys,€prosecutors,€judges,Ð \¬ Ðand€academics€revisiting€these€discoveryÐ 2‚ Ðstandards€concluded€that€unless€meaningfulÐ X Ðpretrial€disclosures€are€required€of€bothÐ Þ. Ðparties€in€a€criminal€case,€pretrialÐ ´  Ðdiscovery€cannot€serve€its€intended€purposeÐ Š Ú Ðto€enhance€the€fairness€and€the€efficiency€ofÐ ` ° Ðthe€criminal€justice€system.€€In€theseÐ 6 †  Ðstandards,€while€the€defense€gives€up€itsÐ  \  Ðability€to€hold€its€hand€essentially€closedÐ â 2  Ðuntil€trial,€it€receives€disclosures€by€theÐ ¸  Ðprosecution€that€significantly€enhance€itsÐ ŽÞ  Ðability€to€prepare€an€effective€defense.ððÐd´ ` x` x ÐÌÓÓà  àFederal€Rule€Crim.€Proc.€16€does€not€require€the€disclosureÐ `  Ðof€either€Government€or€defense€lay€witnesses.€€Subsection€(b)(2)Ð ¼  Ðof€that€Rule€provides€that,€except€for€scientific€and€medicalÐ h¸ Ðreports,€the€Rule€ð ðdoes€not€authorize€discovery€or€inspection€ofÐ d Ð...€a€prospective€government€or€defense€witness.ðð€€The€States€areÐ À Ðsplit€on€this€issue.€€The€great€majority€of€States€require€theÐ l¼ Ðdisclosure€of€experts,€alibi€witnesses,€and€witnesses€to€beÐ h Ðcalled€in€support€of€an€insanity€defense.€€The€split€is€somewhatÐ Ä Ðmore€pronounced€with€respect€to€other€lay€witnesses.€€It€appearsÐ pÀ  Ðthat€30€States€either€require€or€permit€a€court€to€require€thatÐ !l" Ðthe€defense€disclose€the€names€of€its€lay€witnesses.€€In€some€ofÐ È"$ Ðthose€States,€the€disclosure€is€automatic;€in€others€it€isÐ t$Ä& Ðcontingent€upon€reciprocal€discovery€by€the€State,€or€uponÐ  &p!( Ðrequest,€or€on€motion€and€order.€€Nineteen€States€and€theÐ Ì'#* ÐDistrict€of€Columbia€do€not€appear€to€require€such€disclosure.€Ð x)È$, ÐIncluded€as€non„disclosure€States€are€North€Carolina€and€Georgia,Ð $+t&. Ðwhich€require€disclosure€but€not€until€the€eve€of€trial.Ð Ð, (0 Ðà  àAs€noted€in€the€Supplemental€Report,€the€Rules€Committee€hadÐ |.Ì)2 Ðnot€considered€the€ABA€Standards€when€crafting€the€version€ofÐ ° ÐRule€4„263€submitted€with€its€158òòthóó€Report,€which€omitted€anÐ \¬ Ðobligation€on€the€defense€to€disclose€lay€witnesses€other€thanÐ X Ðcharacter€and€alibi€witnesses.€€Nonetheless,€arguments€for€andÐ ´  Ðagainst€such€an€obligation€had€been€considered€by€the€CommitteeÐ ` ° Ðat€several€meetings,€and€the€decision€not€to€include€thatÐ  \  Ðobligation€was€a€deliberate,€though€not€a€unanimous,€one.€€Ð ¸  Ðà  àThe€Rules€Committee€revisited€that€issue€at€its€March€7,Ð d´  Ð2008€meeting,€at€which€both€prosecutors€and€defense€counsel€madeÐ `  Ðpresentations.€€Notwithstanding€the€ABA€Standard€and€the€view€ofÐ ¼  Ða€majority€of€States€on€this€issue,€a€majority€of€the€CommitteeÐ h¸ Ðagain€voted€not€to€include€that€provision.€€It€was€persuadedÐ d Ðthat,€because€the€burden€of€proof€was€on€the€State,€the€defenseÐ À Ðshould€not€be€required€to€telegraph€in€advance€the€defenses€itÐ l¼ Ðintends€to€raise,€which€a€disclosure€of€lay€witnesses€may€do.€€InÐ h Ðthat€regard,€the€Rules€Committee€notes€that,€although€most€of€theÐ Ä ÐStates€require€the€disclosure€of€defense€lay€witnesses,€only€aÐ pÀ  Ðhandful€require€the€defense€to€give€specific€notice€of€itsÐ !l" Ðdefenses,€beyond€alibi€and€insanity.€€There€was€concern€as€well,Ð È"$ Ðfrom€anecdotal€evidence€noted€by€defense€counsel,€that€disclosureÐ t$Ä& Ðof€lay€witnesses€in€advance€of€trial€may€inhibit€defenseÐ  &p!( Ðwitnesses€from€coming€forth€and€agreeing€to€testify.Ð Ì'#* Ðà  àThe€Rules€Committee€recognizes€that€this€is€an€importantÐ x)È$, Ðissue€that€needs€to€be€decided€ultimately€by€the€Court.€€ToÐ $+t&. Ðassist€the€Court,€should€it€be€inclined€to€impose€this€obligationÐ Ð, (0 Ðon€the€defense,€there€is€attached,€as€Appendix€F,€a€draft€Ô_ÔofÐ |.Ì)2 Ðlanguage€that€would€achieve€that€result.€€If€the€Court€decides€toÐ ° Ðinclude€that€general€obligation,€subsections€(e)(1)(B),€(C),€andÐ \¬ Ð(D),€as€proposed,€may€be€superfluous,€although,€as€noted€below,Ð X Ðthey€are€provided€for€in€separate€ABA€Standards€and€probablyÐ ´  Ðshould€be€retained€for€clarity.€€òòSeeóó€also€Appendix€E,€Item€1.Ð ` ° Ðò òà  àRule€4„263€(e)€ó órequires€the€defense,€except€for€privilegedÐ  h  Ðwork€product€of€defense€counsel,€to€disclose,€without€request,Ð à0  Ðfive€categories€of€material€and€information,€as€follows:Ð ŒÜ  ÐÓÓà  àà ` àÌÓÓà  àà ` à(1)€ò òRule€4„263(e)(1)ó ó€requires€the€disclosure€of€theÐ ^ Ðname€and€address€of€each€expert€the€defense€expects€to€call€as€aÐ Ö& Ðwitness,€together€with€the€subject€matter€on€which€the€expert€isÐ ‚Ò Ðexpected€to€testify,€the€substance€of€the€expertððs€findings,€theÐ .~ Ðopinions€to€which€the€expert€is€expected€to€testify,€and€aÐ Ú* Ðsummary€of€the€grounds€for€each€opinion.€€The€defense€must€alsoÐ †Ö Ðdisclose€and€provide€an€opportunity€for€the€State€to€inspect€andÐ 2‚ Ðcopy€all€written€reports€made€in€connection€with€the€action€byÐ Þ. Ðthe€expert€and€the€substance€of€any€oral€report€or€conclusion.€Ð Š Ú! ÐThis€is€generally€consistent€with€ABA€Standard€11„2.2(a)(ii),Ð 6"†# Ðexcept€that€the€Standard€also€requires€the€disclosure€of€theÐ â#2% Ðexpertððs€curriculum€vitae.€€The€defense€requirement€underÐ Ž%Þ ' Ðsubsection€(e)(1)(A)€is€narrower€than€the€Stateððs€requirementÐ :'Š") Ðunder€subsection€(d)(7).€€As€noted,€the€State€must€discloseÐ æ(6$+ Ðinformation€with€respect€to€each€expert€ð ðconsulted€by€the€StateÐ ’*â%- Ðin€connection€with€the€action,ðð€not€just€experts€it€intends€toÐ >,Ž'/ Ðcall€as€witnesses.Ð ê-:)1 ÐÔ_ÔÓÓÌÓÓà  àà ` à(2)€ò òRule€4„263(e)(2)ó ó€requires€the€disclosure€of€eachÐ †Ö Ðwitness€the€defense€intends€to€call€to€testify€as€to€theÐ Nž Ðdefendantððs€veracity€or€other€relevant€character€trait.€€UnlessÐ úJ Ðthe€witness€declines€permission,€the€witnessððs€address€must€alsoÐ ¦ ö Ðbe€disclosed.€€There€is€no€specific€ABA€counterpart€Standard,Ð R ¢  Ðalthough€it€would€appear€that€those€witnesses€would€have€to€beÐ þ N  Ðdisclosed€under€ABA€Standard€11„2.2(a)(i).€€ABA€Standard€11„Ð ªú  Ð2.2(b),€however,€provides€that,€if€the€defense€intends€to€useÐ V¦  Ðcharacter,€reputation,€or€other€act€evidence€òònot€relating€to€theÐ R Ðdefendantóó,€it€should€notify€the€prosecutor€of€that€intention€andÐ º  Ðof€the€substance€of€the€evidence€to€be€used.€€There€is€noÐ r Ðcounterpart€to€that€Standard€in€Rule€4„263.Ð n ÐÓÓà  àÌÓÓà  àà ` à(3)€ò òRule€4„263(e)(3)ó ó€provides€that,€upon€designation€byÐ  ð Ðthe€State€of€the€time,€place,€and€date€of€the€alleged€occurrence,Ð h¸ Ðthe€defense€must€disclose€the€name€and,€unless€the€witnessÐ d Ðdeclines€permission,€the€address€of€each€person,€other€than€theÐ À  Ðdefendant,€whom€the€defense€expects€to€call€as€a€witness€to€showÐ l!¼" Ðthat€the€defendant€was€not€present€at€the€time€or€placeÐ #h$ Ðdesignated€by€the€State.€€This€is€consistent€with€ABA€StandardÐ Ä$ & Ð11„2.2(c).Ð p&À!( ÐÓÓÌÓÓà  àà ` à(4)€ò òRule€4„263€(e)(4)ó ó€provides€that,€if€the€defendantÐ ò(B$+ Ðintends€to€rely€on€the€defense€of€not€criminally€responsible€byÐ º* &- Ðreason€of€insanity,€the€defense€must€notify€the€State€of€thatÐ f,¶'/ Ðintent€and€disclose€the€name€and,€unless€the€witness€deniesÐ .b)1 Ðpermission,€the€address€of€each€witness€the€defense€expects€toÐ ° Ðcall€to€testify€in€support€of€that€defense.€€This€is€generallyÐ \¬ Ðconsistent€with€ABA€Standard€11„2.2(c).Ð X ÐÓÓÌÓÓà  àà ` à(5)€ò òRule€4„263€(e)(5)ó ó€requires€the€defense€to€affordÐ Š Ú Ðthe€State€an€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photographÐ R ¢  Ðdocuments,€computer„generated€evidence,€recordings,€photographs,Ð þ N  Ðand€other€tangible€things€that€the€defense€expects€to€use€at€aÐ ªú  Ðhearing€or€trial.€€This€is€consistent€with€ABA€Standard€11„Ð V¦  Ð2.2(a)(iii)€(other€than€that€the€ABA€Standard€permits€the€StateÐ R Ðto€test€such€material)€and€with€the€Stateððs€obligation€under€RuleÐ ®þ Ð4„263€(d)(9).Ð Zª ÐÓÓÌÓÓòòRule€4„263€(f):€€Person€of€the€DefendantóóÐ Ü, Ðà  àà ` àò òRule€4„263€(f)ó ó€requires€the€defense€to€disclose€certainÐ ˆØ Ðpersonal€or€bodily€information.€€Ð P  Ðà  àà ` à(1)€ò òRule€4„263€(f)(1)ó ó€provides€that,€on€request,€theÐ üL Ðdefendant€must€appear€for€the€purpose€of€(i)€providingÐ Ä  Ðfingerprints,€photographs,€handwriting€exemplars,€or€voiceÐ p!À" Ðexemplars,€(ii)€appearing,€moving,€or€speaking€for€identificationÐ #l$ Ðin€a€lineup,€or€(iii)€trying€on€clothes€or€other€articles.€€ThisÐ È$ & Ðis€consistent€with€ABA€Standard€11„2.3(a).€€Ð t&Ä!( Ðà  àà ` à(2)€ò òRule€4„263€(f)(2)€ó óprovides€that,€on€motion,€theÐ  (p#* Ðcourt,€on€a€showing€of€good€cause,€shall€order€the€defendant€toÐ è)8%, Ðpermit€the€taking€of€buccal€samples€(DNA€swabs€from€the€mouth)Ð ”+ä&. Ðand€samples€of€other€material€from€the€body,€specimens€of€blood,Ð @-(0 Ðurine,€saliva,€breath,€hair,€nails,€and€material€under€the€nails,Ð ° Ðand€to€submit€to€a€reasonable€physical€or€mental€examination.€Ð \¬ ÐWith€two€exceptions,€this€tracks€the€language€of€ABA€Standard€11„Ð X Ð2.3(b).€€The€Rules€Committee€has€added€a€specific€reference€toÐ ´  Ðthe€taking€of€buccal€samples,€which€is€implicit€in€the€ABAÐ ` ° ÐStandard€but€not€specifically€mentioned.€€Legislation€dealingÐ  \  Ðwith€the€acquisition€and€retention€of€DNA€evidence€is€now€pendingÐ ¸  Ðin€the€General€Assembly.€€If€enacted,€the€Rules€Committee€andÐ d´  Ðultimately€the€Court€will€need€to€consider€any€effect€it€may€haveÐ `  Ðon€proposed€Rule€4„263€(f)(2)€and€(l).Ð ¼  Ðà  àThe€ABA€Standard€allows€the€court€to€order€the€defendant€toÐ h¸ Ðð ðparticipate€in€other€reasonable€and€appropriate€procedures.ðð€€ItÐ d Ðalso€provides€that€the€courtððs€order€should€specify€theÐ À Ðauthorized€procedure,€the€scope€of€the€defendantððs€participation,Ð l¼ Ðthe€name€or€job€title€of€the€person€who€is€to€conduct€theÐ h Ðprocedure,€and€the€time,€duration,€place,€and€other€conditionsÐ Ä Ðunder€which€the€procedure€is€to€be€conducted.€€Standard€11„2.3(d)Ð pÀ  Ðadds€that€the€court€ð ðshouldðð€issue€such€an€order€if€it€finds€thatÐ !l" Ðthe€appearance€of€the€defendant€may€be€material€to€theÐ È"$ Ðdetermination€of€the€issues€in€the€case,€that€the€procedure€isÐ t$Ä& Ðreasonable€and€will€be€conducted€in€a€manner€which€does€notÐ  &p!( Ðinvolve€an€unreasonable€intrusion€of€the€body€or€affront€to€theÐ Ì'#* Ðdefendantððs€dignity,€and€the€request€is€reasonable.€€The€StandardÐ x)È$, Ðalso€provides€that€defense€counsel€may€be€present€at€theÐ $+t&. Ðprocedure€unless,€with€respect€to€a€psychiatric€examination,€theÐ Ð, (0 Ðcourt€orders€otherwise.€€The€Rules€Committee€did€not€find€itÐ |.Ì)2 Ðnecessary€to€include€those€provisions.Ð ° ÐÓÓÌÓÓòòRule€4„263€(g):€€Matters€Not€DiscoverableóóÐ 2‚ Ðà  àà ` àò òRule€4„263€(g)ó ó€sets€forth€three€categories€ofÐ Þ. Ðinformation€that€are€not€subject€to€discovery:€(1)€the€mentalÐ ¦ ö Ðimpressions,€trial€strategy,€personal€beliefs,€or€otherÐ R ¢  Ðprivileged€work€product€of€counsel,€(2)€any€other€information€orÐ þ N  Ðmaterial€if€the€court€finds€that€its€disclosure€is€notÐ ªú  ÐConstitutionally€required€and€would€entail€a€substantial€risk€ofÐ V¦  Ðharm€to€any€person€that€outweighs€the€interest€of€disclosure,€andÐ R Ð(3)€the€identity€of€a€confidential€informant€unless€the€StateððsÐ ®þ ÐAttorney€intends€to€call€the€informant€as€a€witness€or€failure€toÐ Zª Ðdisclose€the€informantððs€identity€would€infringe€a€ConstitutionalÐ V Ðright€of€the€defendant.€€These€provisions€track€the€currentÐ ² Ðversion€of€Rule€4„263(c).€€ABA€Standard€11„6.1€contains€somewhatÐ ^® Ðsimilar€provisions€but€is€worded€differently.€€The€RulesÐ  Z ÐCommittee€prefers€its€recommended€approach.Ð ¶ ÐÓÓÌÓÓòòRule€4„263€(h):€€Time€for€DiscoveryóóÐ 8!ˆ" Ðà  àà ` àò òRule€4„263€(h)ó ó€requires€that,€unless€the€court€ordersÐ ä"4$ Ðotherwise,€the€State€shall€make€its€discovery€within€30€daysÐ ¬$ü& Ðafter€the€earlier€of€the€appearance€of€counsel€or€the€firstÐ X&¨!( Ðappearance€of€the€defendant€pursuant€to€Rule€4„213,€and€theÐ (T#* Ðdefense€shall€make€its€discovery€no€later€than€30€days€before€theÐ °)%, Ðfirst€scheduled€trial€date.€€The€Rules€Committee€believes€thisÐ \+¬&. Ðapproach€is€consistent€with€ABA€Standards€11„2.1(a)€and€11„Ð -X(0 Ð2.2(a),€which€require€that€discovery€be€ð ðwithin€a€specified€andÐ ° Ðreasonable€time€prior€to€trialðð€and€11„4.1,€which€recommends€thatÐ \¬ Ðdiscovery€be€initiated€ð ðas€early€as€practicable€in€the€process,ððÐ X Ðthat€disclosure€should€be€made€first€by€the€State,€and€thatÐ ´  Ðdiscovery€be€completed€so€that€ð ðeach€party€has€sufficient€time€toÐ ` ° Ðuse€the€disclosed€information€adequately€to€prepare€for€trial.ððÐ  \  ÐÓÓÌÓÓòòRule€4„263€(i):€€Motion€to€Compel€Discoveryóó€Ð ŽÞ  Ðà  àà ` àò òRule€4„263€(i)ó ó€permits€a€party€to€file€a€motion€toÐ :Š  Ðcompel€discovery€when€discovery€either€is€not€provided€at€all€orÐ R Ðwhen€discovery€is€provided€but,€for€some€reason,€is€incomplete€orÐ ®þ Ðinadequate.€€In€the€former€case,€the€motion€must€be€filed€withinÐ Zª Ðten€days€after€discovery€was€due;€in€the€latter€case,€the€motionÐ V Ðmust€be€filed€within€ten€days€after€the€inadequate€discovery€isÐ ² Ðreceived.€€The€Rule€requires€the€motion€to€describe€theÐ ^® Ðinformation€or€material€that€was€not€received€and€provides€thatÐ  Z Ðthe€court€need€not€consider€such€a€motion€unless€the€moving€partÐ ¶ Ðhas€filed€a€certificate€describing€good€faith€efforts€to€resolveÐ b ²! Ðthe€dispute€and€attesting€that€the€parties€were€unable€to€reachÐ "^# Ðagreement.€€This€provision€tracks€the€current€Rule.€€There€is€noÐ º# % Ðspecific€ABA€Standard€dealing€with€motions€to€compel.Ð f%¶ ' ÐÓÓÌÓÓòòRule€4„263€(j):€€Continuing€Duty€to€DiscloseóóÐ è'8#* Ðà  àò òà ` àRule€4„263€(j)ó óplaces€each€party€under€a€continuingÐ ”)ä$, Ðduty€to€produce€discoverable€material€and€information€and€toÐ \+¬&. Ðsupplement€earlier€responses.€€This€tracks€the€language€Ô_ÔofÐ -X(0 Ðcurrent€Rule€4„263€(h)€and€is€consistent€with€ABA€Standard€11„Ð ° Ð4.1(c).Ð \¬ ÐÓÓÌÓÓòòRule€4„263€(k):€€Manner€of€Providing€Discovery;€Material€Not€toÐ Þ. Ðbe€Filed€with€CourtóóÐ Š Ú Ðà  à€€€€€€ò òRule€4„263€(k)ó ó€is€new.€€Current€Rule€4„263€does€notÐ 6 †  Ðspecify€how€discovery€material€is€to€be€produced.€€ABA€StandardÐ þ N  Ð11„4.2€provides€that€disclosure€should€be€accomplished€in€anyÐ ªú  Ðmanner€mutually€agreeable€to€the€parties,€and,€in€default€of€anÐ V¦  Ðagreement,€provides€for€notice€to€the€other€side€when€theÐ R Ðmaterial€may€be€inspected.€€Rule€4„263€(k)€is€generallyÐ ®þ Ðconsistent€with€that€approach.€€It€permits€the€parties€to€agreeÐ Zª Ðon€the€manner€of€providing€discovery€but€requires€that€theÐ V Ðparties€file€with€the€court€a€statement€of€their€agreement,€soÐ ² Ðthere€is€a€record€of€it.€€The€Rule€also€provides€a€method€inÐ ^® Ðdefault€of€an€agreement,€that€being€service€of€the€discovery€onÐ  Z Ðthe€other€party€and€the€filing€of€a€notice€that€reasonablyÐ ¶ Ðidentifies€the€information€and€material€provided€and€states€theÐ b ²! Ðdate€and€manner€of€service.€Ð "^# Ðà  àIt€was€not€uncommon€in€Maryland,€when€there€was€no€agreementÐ º# % Ðor€understanding€to€the€contrary,€for€the€parties,€responding€toÐ f%¶ ' Ða€formal€request,€to€file€discovery€material€with€the€court.€€TheÐ 'b") ÐRules€Committee€believes€that€this€should€no€longer€be€allowed,Ð ¾($+ Ðunless€ordered€by€the€court.€€For€one€thing,€it€is€not€necessaryÐ j*º%- Ðto€clutter€up€court€files€with€discovery€material.€€It€is€aÐ ,f'/ Ðburden€on€the€clerks€to€have€to€deal€with€and€retain€suchÐ Â-)1 Ðmaterial.€€Equally€important,€discovery€material€often€containsÐ ° Ðpersonal€and€identifying€information€regarding€victims€andÐ \¬ Ðwitnesses€that€need€not€be€placed€in€public€court€records.€€TheÐ X ÐCourt€had€to€face€this€issue€when€dealing€with€the€RulesÐ ´  Ðgoverning€access€to€court€records.€€Rule€2„401€(d)(2)€precludesÐ ` ° Ðthe€filing€of€discovery€in€civil€cases,€and€the€CommitteeÐ  \  Ðbelieves€the€same€approach€should€be€followed€in€criminal€cases.Ð ¸  ÐòòÓÓÌRule€4„263€(l):€€RetentionóóÓÓÐ :Š  Ðà  àà ` à€Unlike€in€civil€cases,€however,€there€is€a€greaterÐ æ6 Ðneed€in€criminal€cases€for€discovery€material€to€be€retained€inÐ ’â Ðthe€event€of€a€retrial€or€for€post„conviction€proceedings.€€ThereÐ >Ž Ðis€no€ABA€Standard€in€this€regard.€€In€ò òRule€4„263€(l)ó ó,€the€RulesÐ ê: ÐCommittee€proposes€that€each€party€be€required€to€retain€theÐ ² Ðoriginal€of€the€discovery€material€it€generated€for€the€shorterÐ ^® Ðof€(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)€the€sentence€imposed€on€the€defendant,€or€(ii)€theÐ  Z Ðretention€period€under€the€retention€and€disposal€schedule€thatÐ ¶ Ðwould€have€been€applicable€had€the€material€been€filed€with€theÐ b ²! Ðcourt.Ð "^# Ðà  àThere€are€a€number€of€issues€that€need€to€be€addressed€inÐ º# % Ðthis€regard,€but,€in€the€Rules€Committeeððs€view,€they€requireÐ f%¶ ' Ðfurther€study€and€do€not€need€to€be€resolved€at€this€time.€€MuchÐ 'b") Ðof€the€discovery€material€to€which€Rules€4„262€and€4„263€applyÐ ¾($+ Ðwill€likely€end€up€as€exhibits€in€the€case,€and€any€retentionÐ j*º%- Ðrequirement€under€the€discovery€Rules€will€have€to€take€accountÐ ,f'/ Ðof€and€be€synchronized€with€the€requirements€for€preservingÐ Â-)1 ÐÔ_Ôevidence.€€Some€prosecutors€are€scanning€documents€at€the€end€ofÐ ° Ðtrial€and€destroying€the€paper.€€The€originals€are€not€beingÐ \¬ Ðpreserved€because€of€space€requirements.€€It€is€not€clear€whatÐ X Ðhappens€in€the€24€subdivisions€with€respect€to€physical€itemsÐ ´  Ðsuch€as€drugs,€weapons,€perishable€items,€bulky€items€ð!ð€who€keepsÐ ` ° Ðthem€and€for€how€long.€€Maryland€Code,€ðð8„201€(i)€of€the€CriminalÐ  \  ÐProcedure€Article€requires€the€State€to€preserve€scientificÐ ¸  Ðevidence€containing€DNA€material€for€a€period€of€three€yearsÐ d´  Ðafter€imposition€of€sentence,€but€permits€a€court€to€require€aÐ `  Ðlonger€retention;€ðð8„201€(j),€however,€permits€the€State€toÐ ¼  Ðdispose€of€such€evidence€sooner€under€certain€circumstances.€Ð h¸ ÐRetention€may€be€a€problem€as€well€for€defense€counsel,€who€areÐ d Ðnot€subject€to€any€State„authorized€retention€schedule.Ð À Ðà  àThe€Rules€Committee€recommends€this€as€a€separate€area€to€beÐ l¼ Ðfurther€investigated€but€is€comfortable€with€proposed€Rule€4„263Ð h Ð(l)€for€the€time€being.Ð Ä ÐòòóóÓÓÌòòRule€4„263€(m):€€Protective€OrdersóóÓÓÐ F –! Ðà  àò òà ` àRule€4„263€(m)ó ó€permits€a€party€or€person€from€whomÐ ò!B# Ðdiscovery€is€sought€to€seek€a€protective€order€and€permits€theÐ º# % Ðcourt€to€restrict€specified€disclosures€in€any€manner€thatÐ f%¶ ' Ðjustice€requires.€€Section€(m)€also€permits€an€in€cameraÐ 'b") Ðproceeding€with€respect€to€such€a€request,€but€requires€that€aÐ ¾($+ Ðrecord€be€made€of€both€in€court€and€in€camera€proceedings.€€UponÐ j*º%- Ðthe€entry€of€an€order€granting€relief,€all€confidential€portionsÐ ,f'/ Ðof€the€in€camera€proceeding€are€to€be€sealed,€preserved€in€theÐ Â-)1 Ðcourt€records,€and€be€made€available€to€the€appellate€court€inÐ ° Ðthe€event€of€an€appeal.€€These€provisions€are€generallyÐ \¬ Ðconsistent€with€ABA€Standards€11„6.5€(protective€orders)€and€11„Ð X Ð6.7€(in€camera€proceedings).€€Standard€11„6.5€is€somewhat€moreÐ ´  Ðspecific.€€It€provides€that,€on€a€showing€of€cause,€the€court€mayÐ ` ° Ðorder€ð ðthat€specified€disclosures€be€restricted,€conditioned€onÐ  \  Ðcompliance€with€protective€measures,€or€deferred,€or€make€suchÐ ¸  Ðother€order€as€is€appropriate.ððÐ d´  ÐÌòòÐ  ¼  ÐRule€4„263€(n):€€SanctionsóóÐ ° Ðà  àò òà ` àRule€4„263€(n)ó ó€provides€a€range€of€sanctions€that€aÐ \¬ Ðcourt€may€impose€for€a€violation€of€the€Rule.€€They€areÐ $t Ðconsistent€with€current€Rule€4„263€(i)€and€ABA€Standard€11„7.1.Ð Ð  ÐÌòòABA€Standards€Not€Addressed€in€Proposed€Rule€4„263óóà x àÐ ( x  Ðà  àThere€are€a€number€of€ABA€Standards€that€are€not€addressedÐ Ô$  Ðat€all€in€proposed€Rule€4„263.€€They€are€as€follows:Ð €Ð  Ðà  àà ` à(1)€ò òStandard€11„3.1ó ó€allows€a€court,€on€motion€and€forÐ ,|  Ðgood€cause,€to€issue€compulsory€process€(i)€to€obtain€documentsÐ ôD Ðand€other€tangible€items€in€the€possession€of€third€parties,€(ii)Ð  ð Ðto€allow€the€entry€on€property€owned€or€controlled€by€thirdÐ Lœ Ðparties,€(iii)€to€obtain€from€a€third€party€fingerprints,Ð øH Ðphotographs,€handwriting€exemplars,€or€voice€exemplars,€specimensÐ ¤ô Ðof€blood,€urine,€saliva,€breath,€hair,€nails,€or€other€bodilyÐ P  Ðmaterials,€or€(iv)€to€require€third€parties€to€submit€to€aÐ üL Ðreasonable€physical€or€medical€inspection€of€the€body€orÐ ¨ø  Ðparticipate€in€other€reasonable€and€appropriate€procedures.€€TheÐ T!¤" ÐStandard€sets€forth€procedures€for€the€issuance€of€such€an€order.Ð #P$ Ðà  àà ` àAs€noted,€Rule€4„264€permits€the€court,€on€motion€ofÐ ¬$ü& Ðany€party,€to€issue€a€subpoena€commanding€a€person€to€produce€forÐ X&¨!( Ðinspection€and€copying€designated€documents,€recordings,Ð (T#* Ðphotographs,€or€other€tangible€things,€not€privileged,€which€mayÐ °)%, Ðconstitute€or€contain€evidence€relevant€to€the€action.€€TheÐ \+¬&. ÐMaryland€Rules€have€not€gone€beyond€that€provision;€nor€was€theÐ -X(0 ÐRules€Committee€asked€to€propose€such€an€extension.Ð ° ÐThis€is€a€matter€that€extends€beyond€the€reciprocal€discoveryÐ \¬ Ðobligations€of€the€parties€and€can€be€separately€investigated€byÐ X Ðthe€Rules€Committee.Ð ´  Ðà  àà ` à(2)€ò òStandard€11„3.2ó ó€provides€a€procedure€to€be€followedÐ ` ° Ðif€either€party€intends€to€destroy€or€transfer€out€of€itsÐ ( x  Ðpossession€objects€or€information€otherwise€discoverable.€€TheÐ Ô$  Ðonly€example€given€in€the€ABA€Commentary€to€that€Standard€is€whenÐ €Ð  Ðthe€prosecution€intends€to€conduct€tests€which€will€consume€orÐ ,|  Ðdestroy€the€evidence,€thereby€precluding€the€defense€fromÐ Ø( Ðconducting€its€own€tests,€in€which€event€the€ABA€notes€thatÐ „Ô Ðappropriate€arrangements€must€be€made€to€protect€the€interests€ofÐ 0€ Ðboth€sides.€€There€was€no€request€that€the€Rules€CommitteeÐ Ü, Ðconsider€this€matter.€€As€noted€above,€ðððð8„201(i)€and€(j)€of€theÐ ˆØ ÐCriminal€Procedure€Article€contain€specific€requirements€for€theÐ 4„ Ðpreservation€of€scientific€identification€evidence€containing€DNAÐ à0 Ðmaterial.€€Ð ŒÜ  Ðà  àà ` à(3)€ò òStandard€11„5.1ó ó€provides€for€depositions€toÐ 8!ˆ" Ðperpetuate€testimony.€€Rule€4„261€does€likewise.€€Ð #P$ Ðà  àà ` à(4)€ò òStandard€11„5.2ó ó€requires€a€court,€on€motion,€toÐ ¬$ü& Ðorder€a€discovery€deposition€of€any€person€other€than€theÐ t&Ä!( Ðdefendant€under€certain€conditions.€€The€Rules€Committee€was€notÐ  (p#* Ðasked€to€propose€a€Rule€permitting€or€controlling€discoveryÐ Ì)%, Ðdepositions.Ð x+È&. Ðà  àà ` à(5)€ò òStandard€11„6.2ó ó€states€that€the€fact€that€a€Ô_ÔpartyÐ $-t(0 Ðhas€indicated€during€the€discovery€process€an€intent€to€offerÐ ° Ðspecified€evidence€or€to€call€a€specified€witness€is€notÐ \¬ Ðadmissible€in€evidence.€€The€Rules€Committee€views€this€as€a€ruleÐ X Ðof€evidence,€not€a€discovery€rule.€€It€was€not€asked€to€proposeÐ ´  Ðsuch€a€Rule€and€did€not€consider€one.Ð ` ° Ðà  àà ` à(6)€ò òStandard€11„6.3ó ó€prohibits€the€parties€from€advisingÐ  \  Ðpersons€who€have€relevant€material€or€information€to€refrain€fromÐ Ô$  Ðdiscussing€the€case€with€opposing€counsel€or€otherwise€impedingÐ €Ð  Ðopposing€counselððs€investigation€of€the€case.€€The€RulesÐ ,|  ÐCommittee€was€not€asked€to€propose€such€a€Rule€and€did€notÐ Ø( Ðconsider€one.Ð „Ô Ðà  àà ` à(7)€ò òStandard€11„6.4ó ó€provides€that€materials€furnishedÐ 0€ Ðto€an€attorney€in€discovery€should€be€used€only€for€purposes€ofÐ øH Ðpreparation€and€trial€of€the€case€and€should€be€subject€to€anyÐ ¤ô Ðconditions€the€court€may€provide.€€The€Rules€Committee€was€notÐ P  Ðasked€to€propose€such€a€Rule€but€notes€that€limitations€on€theÐ üL Ðuse€of€discovery€material€can€be€dealt€with€through€a€protectiveÐ ¨ø  Ðorder€under€Rule€4„263€(m).Ð T!¤" Ðà  àà ` à(8)€ò òStandard€11„6.6ó ó€provides€that,€when€some€parts€ofÐ #P$ Ðmaterial€or€information€are€discoverable€and€other€parts€are€not,Ð È$ & Ðthe€discoverable€parts€should€be€disclosed€and€the€other€partyÐ t&Ä!( Ðnotified€that€the€non„discoverable€parts€have€been€withheld.€€TheÐ  (p#* ÐRules€Committee€was€not€asked€to€propose€such€a€Rule,€but€notesÐ Ì)%, Ðthat€the€requirement€of€disclosing€discoverable€parts€of€materialÐ x+È&. Ðor€information€is€implicit.Ô#†X%XXX=™Ï#Ôà À àà  àà p àÐ  $-t(0 Ðò òÑ€75ÑÑ  Ñà@””%ìàòòÔ% €C ÔAPPENDIX€EˆÐ ° Ðà@èèìàPOTENTIAL€AREAS€OF€DISPUTE€FOR€COURT€TO€RESOLVEó óˆÐ xÈ ÐÌÌà  àóóAs€noted€in€the€Supplemental€Report,€in€revisiting€theÐ ˜ è Ðproposed€amendments€to€Rules€4„262€and€4„263€submitted€with€itsÐ D ”  Ð158òòthóó€Report,€the€Rules€Committee€gave€careful€consideration€toÐ ð@  Ðthe€comments€presented€to€the€Court€at€the€hearing€on€December€3,Ð œì  Ð2007.€€In€an€effort€to€address€some€of€those€comments,€a€numberÐ H˜  Ðof€changes€to€the€initial€submissions€are€proposed,€but€it€isÐ ôD Ðclear€that€some€basic€policy€issues€will€remain€for€the€Court€toÐ  ð Ðresolve.€€Although€it€is€difficult€to€predict€all€of€the€disputesÐ Lœ Ðthat€may€yet€be€presented,€based€on€the€comments€alreadyÐ øH Ðreceived,€the€Committee€perceives€that€at€least€the€followingÐ ¤ô Ðwill€be€presented.Ð P  ÐÌÒϰÒò ò1.€òòDisclosure€of€Lay€Witnesses€and€Witness€Statements€(Rule€4„263)óóó óÐ ¨ø  ÐÒ°ÏÒà  àà ` àThere€are€three€issues€clustered€within€this€topic€thatÐ p!À" Ðthe€Court€may€wish€to€consider€together.€€Under€current€Rule€4„Ð #l$ Ð263,€the€State€is€required€to€disclose,€without€request:Ð È$ & Ðà  àà ` à€(1)€ð ðòòBradyóó€materialðð€ð!ð€material€or€information€tendingÐ t&Ä!( Ðto€negate€or€mitigate€the€guilt€or€punishment€of€the€defendant,Ð ,(|#* Ðand€Ð Ø)(%, Ðà  àà ` à(2)€relevant€information€regarding€(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)€searches,Ð „+Ô&. Ðseizures,€wiretaps,€or€eavesdropping,€(ii)€acquisition€ofÐ 0-€(0 Ðstatements€made€by€the€defendant€to€a€State€agent€that€the€StateÐ Ü.,*2 ÐÔ_Ôintends€to€use€at€trial€or€hearing,€and€(iii)€pretrialÐ ° Ðidentification€of€the€defendant€by€a€State€witness.€€Ð \¬ Ðà  àà ` àUpon€request,€the€State€is€obliged€to€disclose:Ð X Ðà  àà ` à€(1)€the€names€and€addresses€of€persons€the€StateÐ ´  Ðintends€to€call€as€witnesses;Ð ` ° Ðà  àà ` à€(2)€a€copy€of€all€written€or€oral€statements€made€byÐ  \  Ðthe€defendant€or€a€co„defendant€to€a€State€agent€that€the€StateÐ ¸  Ðintends€to€use€at€trial€or€hearing;Ð d´  Ðà  àà ` à(3)€Written€reports€and€statements€of€experts€consultedÐ `  Ðby€the€State,€including€the€results€of€tests;Ð ¼  Ðà  àà ` à(4)€Documents,€tangible€items,€and€computer„generatedÐ h¸ Ðevidence€that€the€State€intends€to€use€at€trial€or€hearing;€andÐ d Ðà  àà ` à(5)€Property€obtained€from€or€belonging€to€theÐ À Ðdefendant,€whether€or€not€the€State€intends€to€use€it€at€trial€orÐ l¼ Ðhearing.Ð h Ðà  àà ` àThe€State€is€not€required€to€disclose€in€discovery€anyÐ Ä Ðwritten€or€oral€statements€made€by€its€proposed€witnesses,€exceptÐ pÀ  Ðto€the€extent€that€such€statements€may€constitute€ð ðòòBradyóóÐ !l" Ðmaterial.ðð€€Written€statements€of€such€witnesses€must€beÐ Ô"$$ Ðdisclosed€as€ð ðòòJencksóó€materialðð€after€the€witness€has€testified€onÐ €$Ð& Ðdirect€examination,€to€the€extent€they€are€relevant€to€thatÐ 8&ˆ!( Ðtestimony.€€Ð ä'4#* Ðà  àà ` àThe€defendant€is€required€to€appear€at€a€lineup,€beÐ )à$, Ðfingerprinted,€pose€for€photographs,€try€on€articles€of€clothing,Ð <+Œ&. Ðpermit€the€taking€of€specimens,€and€submit€to€physical€or€mentalÐ è,8(0 Ðexamination.€€The€defense€must€also€disclose€written€reports€byÐ ”.ä)2 Ðexperts€the€defense€expects€to€call€as€witnesses,€persons€theÐ ° Ðdefense€expects€to€call€as€alibi€witnesses,€and€computer„Ð \¬ Ðgenerated€evidence.€€The€defense€is€not€required€to€disclose€theÐ X Ðnames€or€addresses€of€any€other€lay€witnesses,€nor€any€statementsÐ ´  Ðfrom€such€witnesses.Ð ` ° Ðà  àAs€noted€in€Appendix€C,€pp.€5„8,€ABA€Standard€11„2.1(a)(ii)Ð  \  Ðwould€require€the€State€to€disclose,€in€discovery,€the€names,Ð ¸  Ðaddresses,€and€written€statements€of€all€persons€known€to€theÐ d´  ÐState€to€have€information€concerning€the€offense€charged.€€ThisÐ `  Ðis€broader€than€the€current€Maryland€Rule€in€two€respects:€(i)€itÐ ¼  Ðembraces€all€persons€known€to€have€information€regarding€theÐ h¸ Ðoffense,€not€just€persons€the€State€intends€to€call€as€witnesses;Ð d Ðand€(ii)€it€requires€the€disclosure,€in€discovery,€of€the€writtenÐ À Ðstatements€of€all€such€persons.€€As€a€counterbalance€to€thatÐ l¼ Ðexpanded€scope€of€State€disclosure,€and€as€noted€in€Appendix€C,Ð h Ðpp.€18„21,€ABA€Standard€11„2.2(a)(i)€would€require€the€defense€toÐ Ä Ðdisclose€the€names,€addresses,€and€written€statements€of€allÐ pÀ  Ðpersons€the€defense€intends€to€call€as€witnesses.€€This,€too,€isÐ !l" Ða€significant€expansion€of€what€is€now€required€of€the€defense.Ð È"$ Ðà  àà ` àThe€Rules€Committee€proposes€something€less€than€whatÐ t$Ä& Ðthe€ABA€Standards€would€require.€€It€recommends€limiting€theÐ  &p!( Ðscope€of€State€disclosure€of€lay€witnesses€and€witness€statementsÐ Ì'#* Ð(other€than€ð ðòòBradyóó€materialðð)€to€the€persons€and€writtenÐ x)È$, Ðstatements€of€persons€the€State€intends€to€call€as€witnesses,€notÐ 0+€&. Ðof€all€persons€having€knowledge€of€the€offense,€and€it€recommendsÐ Ü,,(0 Ðthat€the€defense€be€required€to€disclose€(in€addition€to€expertsÐ ˆ.Ø)2 Ðand€alibi€witnesses)€the€names€and€addresses€(but€not€theÐ ° Ðstatements)€of€witnesses€to€be€called€as€character€witnesses€orÐ \¬ Ðin€support€of€an€insanity€defense,€but€not€òòallóó€of€its€layÐ X Ðwitnesses.Ð À  Ðà  àà ` àBoth€aspects€of€the€Rules€Committeeððs€proposedÐ l ¼ Ðcompromise€are€likely€to€be€challenged.€€Defense€counsel€wouldÐ  h  Ðprefer€to€have€the€State€disclose€the€names€and€writtenÐ Ä  Ðstatements€of€all€persons€known€to€the€State€to€have€informationÐ pÀ  Ðconcerning€the€offense,€not€just€those€intended€to€be€called€asÐ l  Ðwitnesses,€but€object€to€any€requirement€that€the€defenseÐ È Ðdisclose€the€names€of€its€prospective€lay€witnesses,€other€thanÐ tÄ Ðthose€to€be€called€as€character€witnesses€or€to€support€an€alibiÐ  p Ðor€insanity€defense.€€Prosecutors€object€to€having€to€discloseÐ Ì Ðthe€names€or€statements€of€any€persons€other€than€those€to€beÐ xÈ Ðcalled€as€State€witnesses€and€to€òòanyóó€witness€statements€if€theÐ $t Ðdefense€is€not€required€to€disclose€the€names€of€its€layÐ Ü, Ðwitnesses.Ð ˆØ  Ðà  àà ` àVictimsðð€rights€advocates€have€expressed€concern€aboutÐ 4!„" Ðany€requirement€to€disclose€statements€made€by€victims€to€victimÐ à"0$ Ðcounselors€employed€by€police€departments€or€Stateððs€Attorneys.€Ð Œ$Ü& ÐIn€some€instances,€the€victims€may€reveal€mental€or€emotionalÐ 8&ˆ!( Ðeffects€of€the€crime,€occasionally€in€the€context€of€discussionÐ ä'4#* Ðconcerning€the€prospect€of€a€claim€for€benefits€under€theÐ )à$, ÐCriminal€Injuries€Compensation€program.€€Most€of€those€statementsÐ <+Œ&. Ðmade€to€victim€counselors€are€oral€ones,€but€the€counselors€oftenÐ è,8(0 Ðmake€notes€of€them,€and€the€question€arises€whether€those€notesÐ ”.ä)2 Ðmay€be€regarded€as€written€statements€of€the€victims.€€TheÐ ° ÐMaryland€Crime€Victims€Resource€Center€proposed€a€provision€thatÐ \¬ Ðwould€specifically€exclude€from€disclosure€statements€thatÐ X Ðð ðrelate€to€victim/witness€assistance.ððÐ ´  Ðà  àThe€Rules€Committee€did€not€adopt€that€recommendation.€€ItsÐ ` ° Ðview€with€respect€to€this€concern€is€that€there€is€no€requirementÐ  \  Ðthat€the€counselors€make€written€notes€of€oral€statements€by€theÐ ¸  Ðvictim.€€If€no€written€notes€are€made€of€the€victimððs€oralÐ d´  Ðstatement,€it€will€not€constitute€a€written€statement€of€theÐ `  Ðvictim/witness€and€will€not€need€to€be€disclosed€under€theÐ ¼  ÐCommitteeððs€proposal.€Ð h¸ Ðà  àà ` àThe€Rules€Committee€does€not€see€a€need€for€anyÐ d Ðspecific€exception€for€statements€that€ð ðrelate€to€victim/witnessÐ À Ðassistance.ðð€€That€is€a€very€broad€exception.€€The€CommitteeÐ l¼ Ðnotes€as€well€that,€if€the€victim€makes€any€statement,€written€orÐ h Ðoral,€that€would€constitute€ð ðòòBradyóó€material,ðð€it€would€have€to€beÐ Ä Ðdisclosed€in€any€event€and€that,€to€the€extent€the€statementÐ |Ì  Ðwould€constitute€a€written€statement€of€the€victim/witness€and€isÐ (!x" Ðrelevant€to€testimony€to€be€given€by€the€victim,€it€would€have€toÐ Ô"$$ Ðbe€disclosed€as€ð ðòòJencksóó€materialðð€after€the€witness€testified.€Ð €$Ð& ÐTo€a€large€extent,€the€issue€in€this€regard€is€one€of€timing,€andÐ 8&ˆ!( Ðthe€overall€emphasis€is€on€disclosing€disclosable€materialÐ ä'4#* Ðearlier€in€the€process.Ð )à$, Ðà  àThe€more€substantial€issues€are€those€raised€by€theÐ <+Œ&. Ðprosecutors€and€defense€counsel.€€As€noted€in€Appendix€C,€pp.€19„Ð è,8(0 Ð20,€approximately€30€States€have€adopted€the€ABA€approach€ofÐ ”.ä)2 Ðrequiring€the€defense€to€disclose,€in€discovery,€the€names€ofÐ ° Ðpersons€it€intends€to€call€as€witnesses.€€The€ABA€Standard€andÐ \¬ Ðsome€of€the€States€require€as€well€the€disclosure€of€writtenÐ X Ðstatements€given€by€those€prospective€witnesses,€and€a€few€StatesÐ ´  Ðrequire€the€defense€to€disclose€the€actual€defenses€it€intends€toÐ ` ° Ðraise€at€trial,€even€beyond€alibi€and€insanity.€€The€ABAÐ  \  ÐCommentary€makes€clear€that€the€witness„disclosure€requirementÐ ¸  Ðwas€the€òòquid€pro€quoóó€for€requiring€the€prosecution€to€discloseÐ d´  Ðnot€only€the€written€statements€of€òòitsóó€lay€witnesses€but€also€theÐ l  Ðnames€and€written€statements€of€all€persons€known€to€theÐ Ô$ Ðprosecution€to€have€information€regarding€the€offense.€€Ð €Ð Ðà  àAppendix€F€contains€language€that€would€add€the€witness„Ð ,| Ðdisclosure€requirement€in€conformance€with€the€ABA€Standard.€€IfÐ Ø( Ðthe€Court€chooses€to€add€that€requirement,€it€may€wish€toÐ „Ô Ðconsider€expanding€the€Stateððs€requirement€under€proposed€Rule€Ð 0€ Ð4„263€(d)(3)€to€conform€to€the€ABA€Standard€of€disclosing€theÐ Ü, Ðnames€and€addresses€of€all€persons€known€to€the€State€ð ðto€haveÐ ˆØ  Ðinformation€concerning€the€offense€chargedðð€and€to€identify€theÐ 4!„" Ðpersons€it€intends€to€call€as€witnesses.Ð à"0$ ÐÌò ò2.€òòPrior€Convictions,€Bad€Acts€of€Witnessesó óóóà0 È àÐ8&ˆ!(È(#È(# Ðà  àà ` àRule€4„263€(d)(6)(C)€requires€the€disclosure€by€theÐ (P#* ÐState€of€prior€convictions,€pending€charges,€and€probationaryÐ ¬)ü$, Ðstatus€that€may€be€used€to€impeach€any€State€witness,€with€theÐ X+¨&. Ðcaveat€that€the€Stateððs€Attorney€is€not€required€to€investigateÐ -T(0 Ðthe€criminal€record€of€State€witnesses€unless€the€StateððsÐ ° ÐAttorney€knows€or€has€reason€to€believe€that€a€witness€has€aÐ \¬ Ðcriminal€record.€€Some€prosecutors€have€complained€that€thisÐ X Ðrequirement€is€too€burdensome€and€that,€to€the€extent€they€obtainÐ ´  Ðthis€information€under€the€Criminal€Justice€Information€SystemÐ ` ° Ð(CJIS),€they€are€not€allowed€to€divulge€it€to€defense€counsel.€Ð  \  ÐDefense€counsel€urge€that€the€State€is€in€a€far€better€positionÐ ¸  Ðto€obtain€this€information€than€are€they,€as€they€do€not€haveÐ d´  Ðaccess€to€CJIS,€and€that€the€State€òòisóó€authorized€to€divulge€it€toÐ `  Ðdefense€counsel.€€Ð È Ðà  àà ` àThe€Rules€Committee€believes€that€prosecutors€are€notÐ tÄ Ðprecluded€by€CJIS€from€divulging€criminal€history€information€toÐ  p Ðdefense€counsel.€€òòSeeóó€COMAR€12.15.01.12B(2).€€To€the€extent€thisÐ Ì Ðinformation€is€within€the€possession€and€control€of€the€StateððsÐ „Ô ÐAttorney,€the€Rules€Committee€regards€it€as€ð ðòòBradyóó€materialðð€thatÐ 0€ Ðmust€be€disclosed€for€its€impeachment€value.€€The€Committee€doesÐ è8 Ðnot€believe€that€the€due€diligence€mandate€of€Rule€4„263€(c)(1)Ð ”ä  Ðrequires€the€prosecutors€to€run€record€checks€on€all€of€itsÐ @!" Ðpossible€witnesses,€however,€but€only€on€those€whom€the€proscutorÐ ì"<$ Ðknows€or€has€reason€to€believe€have€a€criminal€record.€€If€theÐ ˜$è& Ðprosecutor€has€that€level€of€knowledge,€the€Rules€Committee€doesÐ D&”!( Ðnot€believe€that€òòBradyóó€would€permit€the€prosecutor€to€remainÐ ð'@#* Ðwilfully€ignorant€of€what€a€record€check€would€reveal,€especiallyÐ ¨)ø$, Ðsince€defense€counsel€do€not€have€an€equivalent€ability€to€obtainÐ T+¤&. Ðthat€information.Ð -P(0 Ðà  àà ` àAt€one€point,€some€defense€counsel€urged€that€the€StateÐ ° Ðbe€required€to€run€record€checks€on€defense€witnesses€who€may€beÐ \¬ Ðdisclosed€to€the€prosecutor.€€That€requirement€exists€withÐ X Ðrespect€to€the€defendant€and€any€co„defendant,€but€the€RulesÐ ´  ÐCommittee€does€not€believe€that€the€State€should€be€obliged€toÐ ` ° Ðinvestigate€and€turn€over€information€that€would€merely€impeach€aÐ  \  Ðdefense€witness.€€Such€an€obligation€could€be€unduly€burdensomeÐ ¸  Ðand€productive€of€mischief€on€the€part€of€defense€counsel.Ð d´  ÐÌò ò3.€òòInconsistency€Between€Witness€Statementsó óóóÐ ¼  Ðà  àà ` àIncluded€in€the€proposal€submitted€with€the€158òòthóóÐ „Ô ÐReport€was€a€Committee€note€which€gave€as€an€example€ofÐ 0€ Ðimpeachment€material€the€State€would€have€to€disclose€ð ðeachÐ Ü, Ðstatement€made€by€a€witness€that€is€inconsistent€with€anotherÐ ˆØ Ðstatement€made€by€the€witness€or€with€a€statement€made€by€anotherÐ 4„ Ðwitness.ðð€€Some€prosecutors€objected€to€that€provision,€whichÐ à0 Ðdefense€counsel€believed€desirable.€€The€Rules€Committee€nowÐ ŒÜ  Ðproposes€three€changes.€€First,€to€the€extent€this€information€isÐ 8!ˆ" Ðrequired€to€be€disclosed,€the€requirement€should€be€in€the€RuleÐ ä"4$ Ðitself,€not€in€a€Committee€note,€and€it€has€included€an€amendedÐ $à& Ðversion€of€the€requirement€as€Rule€4„263€(d)(6)(D).€€Second,Ð <&Œ!( Ðbecause€all€written€statements€of€witnesses€in€the€possession€orÐ è'8#* Ðcontrol€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney€must€be€disclosed€under€Rule€Ð ”)ä$, Ð4„263€(d)(3),€this€provision€need€only€apply€to€oral€statementsÐ @+&. Ðnot€otherwise€memorialized€that€are€inconsistent€with€anotherÐ ì,<(0 Ðstatement.€€If€defense€counsel€is€given€all€written€statements€Ô_ÔofÐ ˜.è)2 ÐState€witnesses,€counsel€can€determine€for€itself€whether€thereÐ ° Ðare€inconsistencies.€€Finally,€some€prosecutors€have€expressedÐ \¬ Ðconcern€that€the€requirement,€as€stated€in€the€previouslyÐ X Ðproposed€Committee€note,€could€conceivably€apply€even€to€the€mostÐ ´  Ðsubtle€and€insignificant€inconsistencies€that€easily€andÐ ` ° Ðunderstandably€might€be€overlooked€and€that,€because€of€theirÐ  \  Ðinsignificance,€would€not€likely€constitute€impeachment€materialÐ ¸  Ðin€any€event.€€To€address€that€concern,€the€Rules€CommitteeÐ d´  Ðproposes€applying€the€disclosure€requirement€only€where€the€oralÐ `  Ðstatement€is€òòmateriallyóó€inconsistent€with€another€statement.€Ð ¼  ÐDefense€counsel€may€object€to€that€limitation.Ð tÄ ÐÌò ò4.€òòMedical,€Psychiatric,€Addictive€Condition€of€State€Witnessó óóóÐ Ì Ðà  àà ` àIn€the€Committee€note€attached€to€the€158òòthóó€Report,€theÐ ”ä ÐCommittee€gave€as€an€example€of€impeachment€material€that€had€toÐ @ Ðbe€disclosed€by€the€State€ð ðthe€medical€or€psychiatric€conditionÐ ì< Ðof€a€witness€that€may€impair€his€or€her€ability€to€testifyÐ ˜è  Ðtruthfully€or€accurately.ðð€€Prosecutors€and€victim€rightsÐ D!”" Ðadvocates€objected€to€that€proposal.€€This€issue€is€discussed€inÐ ð"@$ ÐAppendix€C,€pp.€11„13.€€The€Rules€Committee€proposes€fourÐ œ$ì& Ðchanges.€€First,€as€with€the€other€matters€included€in€theÐ H&˜!( ÐCommittee€note,€the€requirement€has€been€moved€to€the€text€of€theÐ ô'D#* ÐRule,€as€subsection€(d)(6)(E).€€Second,€by€virtue€of€the€lead„inÐ  )ð$, Ðto€subsection€(d)(6),€the€Committee€has€clarified€that€theÐ L+œ&. Ðrequirement€applies€only€to€State€witnesses.€€Third,€for€the€sameÐ ø,H(0 Ðreasons€that€justify€disclosure€of€medical€or€psychiatricÐ ° Ðconditions€that€may€impair€the€ability€of€a€State€witness€toÐ \¬ Ðtestify€truthfully€or€accurately,€the€Committee€proposes€addingÐ X Ðaddiction€to€the€list.€€Finally,€and€most€important,€the€RulesÐ ´  ÐCommittee€has€added€the€caveat€that€the€State€is€not€obliged€byÐ ` ° Ðthe€due€diligence€requirement€to€inquire€into€a€witnessððsÐ  \  Ðmedical,€psychiatric,€or€addictive€condition€unless€theÐ ¸  Ðprosecutor€has€information€that€would€reasonably€lead€to€a€beliefÐ d´  Ðthat€an€inquiry€would€reveal€a€condition€that€may€impair€theÐ `  Ðwitnessððs€ability€to€testify€truthfully€or€accurately.€€As€withÐ ¼  Ðthe€case€of€inconsistent€statements,€if€the€condition€reachesÐ h¸ Ðthat€level€of€severity,€it€would€likely€constitute€ð ðòòBradyóóÐ d Ðmaterialðð€and€if€prosecutors€have€that€level€of€knowledge,€theyÐ Ì Ðwould€not€be€permitted€to€remain€wilfully€ignorant€of€what€anÐ xÈ Ðinquiry€would€reveal.Ð  $t ÐÑX°ÑÖ€9ÿÿÖà@””%ìàÔ% €D Ôòòò òAPPENDIX€Fóóó óˆÐ X ÐÌÌÌà@´´!ìàòòò òAlternate€LanguageóóˆÐ $ Ì Ðà@ ìàòòto€be€added€to€Rule€4„263€(e)óóˆÐ ì ”  Ðó óÌÌÌà  àWithout€the€necessity€of€a€request,€the€defense€shallÐ ¸` Ðprovide€to€the€Stateððs€Attorney:Ð d  Ѐ€€€(1)€€Defense€WitnessesÐ ¸ Ðà  à€€€€The€name€and,€except€when€the€witness€declinesÐ ¼d Ðpermission,€the€address€of€each€defense€witness€other€than€theÐ h Ðdefendant,€together€with€all€written€statements€of€each€suchÐ ¼ Ðwitness€that€relate€to€the€subject€matter€of€the€testimony€ofÐ Àh Ðthat€witness.€€Disclosure€of€the€identity€and€statements€of€aÐ l  Ðperson€who€will€be€called€for€the€sole€purpose€of€impeaching€aÐ À" ÐStateððs€witness€is€not€required€until€after€the€Stateððs€witnessÐ Ä l$ Ðhas€testified€at€trial.Ð p" & Ðà  àÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àÐ   )È&. ÐÒ9°ÒÑ€;7ÑÑ8€õÜXXd슈d8ÑÑ  ÑÖ€<9žÖò òÔ% €K ÔPROPOSED€REVISED€RULE€4„262,€SHOWING€CHANGES€FROM€CURRENT€RULE€4„262Ð X ÐÌó óÌà@SS§àMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆÐ ”< ÐÒ°9ÒÌà@ìàTITLE€4€„€CRIMINAL€CAUSESˆÐ ì ”  ÐÌà@0 0 ìàCHAPTER€200€„€PRETRIAL€PROCEDURESˆÐ Dì  ÐÌÌRule€4-262.€€DISCOVERY€IN€DISTRICT€COURT€Ð Hð ÐÌÌ€€(a)€€ò òScopeó ó€òòApplicabilityóóÐ Lô Ðà  à€€ò òDiscoveryó ó€òòThis€Rule€governs€discoveryóó€and€inspectionÐ ø  Ðò òpursuant€to€this€Rule€is€availableó ó€in€the€District€Courtòò.€Ð ¤L ÐDiscovery€is€available€in€the€District€Courtóó€in€actions€ò òforÐ Pø  Ðoffensesó ó€that€are€punishable€by€imprisonmentòò.óóò ò,€and€shall€be€asÐ ü¤" Ðfollows:ó ó€€Ð ¨ P$ ÐÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€òò(b)€€DefinitionsóóÐ T"ü& Ðà  à€€òòIn€this€Rule,€the€following€definitions€apply:óóÐ $¨!( ÐÔ#†X%XXX=j2#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€€€òò(1)€€GenerallyóóÐ ¬%T#* Ðà  à€€€€òòThe€terms€ð ðdefense,ðð€ð ðdefense€witness,ðð€ð ðoralÐ X'%, Ðstatement,ðð€and€ð ðStateððs€witness,ðð€have€the€meanings€stated€inÐ )¬&. ÐRule€4„263€(b).óóÐ °*X(0 ÐÔ#†X%XXX=03#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÓÓòòCross€reference:€€For€the€definition€of€ð ðStateððs€Attorney,ðð€seeÐ \,*2 ÐRule€4„102€(k).óóÐ 2-Ú*3 Ѐ€Ô#†X%XXX=‰4#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ .°+4 ÐÓÓÔ#†X%XXX=f5#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€€€òò(2)€€Written€StatementóóÐ Þ.†,5 Ðà  à€€€€òòð ðWritten€statementðð€of€a€person:óóÐ X Ѐ€€€€€òò(A)€includes€a€statement€in€writing€that€is€made,€signed,Ð ¬ Ðor€adopted€by€that€person;óóÐ °X Ѐ€€€€€òò(B)€includes€a€statement€contained€in€a€police€orÐ \ Ðinvestigative€report;€butóóÐ  ° Ѐ€€€€€òò(C)€does€not€include€attorney€work€product.óóÐ ´ \  ÐÓÓòòCommittee€note:€€The€language€of€Rule€4„263€(b)(5)€is€notÐ `   Ðincluded€in€the€definition€of€ð ðwritten€statementðð€in€Rule€4„262.óóÐ 6 Þ  ÐÔ#†X%XXX=Ï5#ÔÌÓÓ€€€€ò ò(1)€The€State's€Attorney€shall€furnish€to€the€defendant€anyР⊠ Ðmaterial€or€information€that€tends€to€negate€or€mitigate€theÐ Ž6 Ðguilt€or€punishment€of€the€defendant€as€to€the€offense€charged.ó ó€€Ð :â Ѐ€€€ò ò(2)€Upon€request€of€the€defendant€the€State's€Attorney€shallÐ æŽ Ðpermit€the€defendant€to€inspect€and€copy€(A)€any€portion€of€aÐ ’: Ðdocument€containing€a€statement€or€containing€the€substance€of€aÐ >æ Ðstatement€made€by€the€defendant€to€a€State€agent€that€the€StateÐ ê’ Ðintends€to€use€at€trial€or€at€any€hearing€other€than€aÐ –> Ðpreliminary€hearing€and€(B)€each€written€report€or€statement€madeÐ Bê Ðby€an€expert€whom€the€State€expects€to€call€as€a€witness€at€aÐ î–! Ðhearing,€other€than€a€preliminary€hearing,€or€trial.ó ó€€Ð šB# Ѐ€€€ò ò(3)€Upon€request€of€the€State€the€defendant€shall€permit€anyÐ F!î% Ðdiscovery€or€inspection€specified€in€subsection€(d)€(1)€of€RuleÐ ò"š ' Ð4-263.ó ó€€Ð ž$F") ÐÓÓò òCommittee€note:€€This€Rule€is€not€intended€to€limit€theÐ J&ò#+ Ðconstitutional€requirement€of€disclosure€by€the€State.€€See€òòBradyÐ  'È$, Ðv.€Stateóó,€226€Md.€422,€174€A.2d€167€(1961),€Ô_Ôaff'dÔ_Ô,€373€U.S.€83,Ð ü'¤%- Ð83€S.€Ct.€1194,€10€L.€Ed.€2d€215€(1963).ó ó€€Ð Ø(€&. ÐÌÓÓ€€(c)€€Obligations€of€the€ò òStateððs€Attorneyó ó€òòPartiesóóÐ „*,(0 Ѐ€€€òò(1)€€Due€DiligenceóóÐ 0,Ø)2 Ðà  à€€€€òòThe€Stateððs€Attorney€and€defense€shall€exercise€dueÐ Ü-„+4 ÐÔ_Ôdiligence€to€identify€all€of€the€material€and€information€thatÐ X Ðmust€be€disclosed€under€this€Rule.óó€€Ð ¬ Ѐ€€€òò(2)€€Scope€of€ObligationsóóÐ °X Ðà  à€€€€The€obligations€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney€òòand€the€defenseóóÐ \ Ðextend€to€material€and€information€òòthat€must€be€disclosed€underÐ  ° Ðthis€Rule€and€that€areóó€in€the€possession€or€control€ò òof€theÐ ´ \  ÐState's€Attorney€and€staff€members€and€any€others€who€haveÐ `   Ðparticipated€in€the€investigation€or€evaluation€of€the€action€andÐ  ´  Ðwho€either€regularly€report,€or€with€reference€to€the€particularÐ ¸`  Ðaction€have€reported,€to€the€office€of€the€State's€Attorneyó óÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€òòofÐ d  Ðthe€attorney,€members€of€the€attorneyððs€staff,€or€any€otherÐ ¸ Ðperson€who€either€reports€regularly€to€the€attorneyððs€office€orÐ ¼d Ðhas€reported€to€the€attorneyððs€office€in€regard€to€the€particularÐ h Ðcase.óóÐ ¼ ÐÓÓòòCross€reference:€€For€the€obligations€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney,Ð Àh Ðsee€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€392€Md.€194€(2006).óó€€Ð –> ÐÌÓÓ€€òò(d)€€Disclosure€by€the€Stateððs€AttorneyóóÐ Hð Ѐ€€€òò(1)€€Without€RequestóóÐ ôœ! Ðà  à€€€€òòWithout€the€necessity€of€a€request,€the€Stateððs€AttorneyÐ  H# Ðshall€provide€to€the€defense€all€material€or€information€in€anyÐ L!ô% Ðform,€whether€or€not€admissible,€that€tends€to€exculpate€theÐ ø"  ' Ðdefendant€or€negate€or€mitigate€the€defendantððs€guilt€orÐ ¤$L") Ðpunishment€as€to€the€offense€charged€and€all€material€orÐ P&ø#+ Ðinformation€in€any€form,€whether€or€not€admissible,€that€tends€toÐ ü'¤%- Ðimpeach€a€Stateððs€witness.óóÐ ¨)P'/ ÐÓÓòòCross€reference:€€See€òòBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373€U.S.€83€(1963);Ð T+ü(1 ÐòòKyles€v.€Whitleyóó,€514€U.S.€419€(1995);€òòGiglio€v.€U.S.óó,€405€U.S.Ð 0,Ø)2 Ð150€(1972);€òòU.S.€v.€Agursóó,€427€U.S.€97€(1976);€Thomas€v.€State,Ð  -´*3 Ð372€Md.€342€(2002);€òòGoldsmith€v.€Stateóó,€337€Md.€112€(1995);€andÐ è-+4 ÐòòLyba€v.€Stateóó,€321€Md.€564€(1991).óóÐ X ÐÌÓÓ€€€€òò(2)€€On€RequestóóÐ  ² Ðà  à€€€€òòOn€request€of€the€defense,€the€Stateððs€Attorney€shallÐ ¶^ Ðprovide€to€the€defense:óóÐ b  ÐÔ#†X%XXX=°B#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€€€€€òò(A)€€Statements€of€Defendant€and€Co„defendantóóÐ  ¶ Ðà  à€€€€€€òòAll€written€and€all€oral€statements€of€the€defendantÐ º b  Ðand€of€any€co„defendant€that€relate€to€the€offense€charged€andÐ f   Ðall€material€and€information,€including€documents€and€recordings,Ð º  Ðthat€relate€to€the€acquisition€of€such€statements;óóÔ#†X%XXX=/J#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ ¾f  Ѐ€€€€€òò(B)€€Stateððs€WitnessesóóÐ j Ðà  à€€€€€€òòThe€name€and,€except€as€provided€under€Code,€CriminalÐ ¾ ÐProcedure€Article,€ðð11„205€or€Rule€16„1009€(b),€the€address€ofÐ Âj Ðeach€Stateððs€witness€whom€the€Stateððs€Attorney€intends€to€call€toÐ n Ðprove€the€Stateððs€case€in€chief€or€to€rebut€alibi€testimony,Ð Â Ðtogether€with€all€written€statements€of€the€person€that€relate€toÐ Æn Ðthe€offense€charged;óóÐ r Ѐ€€€€€òò(C)€€Searches,€Seizures,€Surveillance,€and€PretrialÐ Æ  ÐIdentificationóóÐ Êr" Ðà  à€€€€€€òòAll€relevant€material€or€information€regarding:óó€Ð v $ Ðà  à€€€òò(i)€specific€searches€and€seizures,€eavesdropping,€orÐ ""Ê& Ðelectronic€surveillance€including€wiretaps;€andóó€Ð Î#v!( Ðà  à€€€òò(ii)€pretrial€identification€of€the€defendant€by€aÐ z%"#* ÐStateððs€witness;óó€Ð &'Î$, Ѐ€€€€€òò(D)€€Ô#†X%XXX=ûK#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔReports€or€Statements€of€ExpertsóóÐ Ò(z&. Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€òòAs€to€each€Stateððs€witness€the€Stateððs€AttorneyÐ ~*&(0 Ðintends€to€call€to€testify€as€an€expert€witness€other€than€at€aÐ *,Ò)2 Ðpreliminary€hearing:óó€Ð Ö-~+4 Ðà  à€€€òò(i)€the€expertÔ#†X%XXX=~P#ÔÔ‡XXXX%Ô=Ô#†X%XXXñQ#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ôs€name€and€address,€the€subject€matter€onÐ X Ðwhich€the€expert€is€expected€to€testify,€the€substance€of€theÐ ° Ðexpertððs€findings€and€opinions,€and€a€summary€of€the€grounds€forÐ ´\ Ðeach€opinion;óó€Ð ` Ðà  à€€€òò(ii)€the€opportunity€to€inspect€and€copy€all€writtenÐ  ´ Ðreports€or€statements€made€in€connection€with€the€action€by€theÐ ¸ `  Ðexpert,€including€the€results€of€any€physical€or€mentalÐ d  Ðexamination,€scientific€test,€experiment,€or€comparison;€andóó€Ð ¸  Ðà  à€€€òò(iii)€the€substance€of€any€oral€report€and€conclusion€byÐ ¼d  Ðthe€expert;óóÔ#†X%XXX=4R#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ h Ѐ€€€€€òò(E)€€Evidence€for€Use€at€TrialóóÐ ¼ Ðà  à€€€€€€òòThe€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photograph€allÐ Àh Ðdocuments,€computer-generated€evidence€as€defined€in€Rule€2-504.3Ð l Ð(a),€recordings,€photographs,€or€other€tangible€things€that€theÐ À ÐStateððs€Attorney€intends€to€use€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial;€andóó€€Ð Äl Ѐ€€€€€òò(F)€€Property€of€the€DefendantóóÐ p Ðà  à€€€€€€òòThe€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photograph€allÐ Ä  Ðitems€obtained€from€or€belonging€to€the€defendant,€whether€or€notÐ Èp" Ðthe€Stateððs€Attorney€intends€to€use€the€item€at€a€hearing€or€atÐ t $ Ðtrial.óó€€Ð  "È& Ѐ€òò(e)€€Disclosure€by€Defenseóóò òó óÐ Ì#t!( Ðà  à€€òòOn€request€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney,€the€defense€shallÐ x% #* Ðprovide€to€the€Stateððs€Attorney:óóÐ $'Ì$, ÐÔ#†X%XXX=AU#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€€€òò(1)€€Reports€or€Statements€of€ExpertsóóÐ Ð(x&. Ѐ€€€€€€€€òòAs€to€each€defense€witness€the€defense€intends€to€callÐ |*$(0 Ðto€testify€as€an€expert€witness:óó€Ð (,Ð)2 Ðà  à€òò(A)€the€expertÔ#†X%XXX=yY#ÔÔ‡XXXX%Ô=Ô#†X%XXX­Z#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ôs€name€and€address,€the€subject€matter€onÐ Ô-|+4 Ðwhich€the€expert€is€expected€to€testify,€the€substance€of€theÐ X Ðfindings€and€the€opinions€to€which€the€expert€is€expected€toÐ ¬ Ðtestify,€and€a€summary€of€the€grounds€for€each€opinion;óó€Ð °X Ðà  à€òò(B)€the€opportunity€to€inspect€and€copy€all€written€reportsÐ \ Ðmade€in€connection€with€the€action€by€the€expert,€including€theÐ  ° Ðresults€of€any€physical€or€mental€examination,€scientific€test,Ð ´ \  Ðexperiment,€or€comparison;€andóó€Ð `   Ðà  à€òò(C)€the€substance€of€any€oral€report€and€conclusion€by€theÐ  ´  Ðexpert;Ô#†X%XXX=ðZ#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€andóóÐ ¸`  Ѐ€€€òò(2)€€Documents,€Computer„generated€Evidence,€and€Other€ThingsóóÐ d  Ðà  à€€€€òòThe€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photograph€anyÐ ¸ Ðdocuments,€computer-generated€evidence€as€defined€in€Rule€2-504.3Ð ¼d Ð(a),€recordings,€photographs,€or€other€tangible€things€that€theÐ h Ðdefense€intends€to€use€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial.óóÐ ¼ Ѐ€òò(f)€€Person€of€the€DefendantóóÐ Àh Ѐ€€€òò(1)€€On€RequestóóÐ l Ðà  à€€€€òòOn€request€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney€that€includesÐ À  Ðreasonable€notice€of€the€time€and€place,€the€defendant€shallÐ Äl" Ðappear€for€the€purpose€of:óóÐ p $ Ðà  à€òò(A)€providing€fingerprints,€photographs,€handwritingÐ "Ä& Ðexemplars,€or€voice€exemplars;óó€Ð È#p!( Ðà  à€òò(B)€appearing,€moving,€or€speaking€for€identification€in€aÐ t%#* Ðlineup;€or€óóÐ  'È$, Ðà  à€òò(C)€trying€on€clothing€or€other€articles.óó€€Ð Ì(t&. Ѐ€€€òò(2)€€On€MotionóóÐ x* (0 Ðà  à€€€€òòOn€motion€filed€by€the€Stateððs€Attorney,€with€reasonableÐ $,Ì)2 Ðnotice€to€the€defense,€the€court,€for€good€cause€shown,€shallÐ Ð-x+4 Ðorder€the€defendant€to€appear€and€(A)€permit€the€taking€of€buccalÐ X Ðsamples,€samples€of€other€materials€of€the€body,€or€specimens€ofÐ ¬ Ðblood,€urine,€saliva,€breath,€hair,€nails,€or€material€under€theÐ °X Ðnails€or€(B)€submit€to€a€reasonable€physical€or€mentalÐ \ Ðexamination.óóÐ  ° Ѐ€òò(g)€€Matters€Not€DiscoverableóóÐ ´ \  Ѐ€€€òò(1)€€By€any€PartyóóÐ `   Ðà  à€€€€òòNotwithstanding€any€other€provision€of€this€Rule,Ð  ´  Ðneither€the€Stateððs€Attorney€nor€the€defense€is€required€toÐ ¸`  Ðdisclose€(A)€the€mental€impressions,€trial€strategy,€personalÐ d  Ðbeliefs,€or€other€privileged€attorney€work€product€or€(B)€anyÐ ¸ Ðother€material€or€information€if€the€court€finds€that€itsÐ ¼d Ðdisclosure€is€not€constitutionally€required€and€would€entail€aÐ h Ðsubstantial€risk€of€harm€to€any€person€that€outweighs€theÐ ¼ Ðinterest€in€disclosure.Ô#†X%XXX=^#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔóóÐ Àh ÐÔ#†X%XXX=Ëg#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€€€òò(2)€€By€the€DefenseóóÐ l Ðà  à€€€€òòThe€Stateððs€Attorney€is€not€required€to€disclose€theÐ À  Ðidentity€of€a€confidential€informant€unless€the€Stateððs€AttorneyÐ Äl" Ðintends€to€call€the€informant€as€a€Stateððs€witness€or€unless€theÐ p $ Ðfailure€to€disclose€the€informant's€identity€would€infringe€aÐ "Ä& Ðconstitutional€right€of€the€defendant.óó€Ô#†X%XXX=%h#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ È#p!( ÐÔ#†X%XXX=$j#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€òò(h)€€Continuing€Duty€to€DiscloseóóÐ t%#* Ðà  à€€òòEach€party€is€under€a€continuing€obligation€to€produceÐ  'È$, Ðdiscoverable€material€and€information€to€the€other€side.€€A€partyÐ Ì(t&. Ðwho€has€responded€to€a€request€or€order€for€discovery€and€whoÐ x* (0 Ðobtains€further€material€information€shall€supplement€theÐ $,Ì)2 Ðresponse€promptly.óóÔ#†X%XXX={j#ÔÐ Ð-x+4 Ѐ€ò ò(b)ó ó€òò(i)óó€ProcedureÐ X Ðà  à€€The€discovery€and€inspection€required€or€permitted€by€thisÐ ¬ ÐRule€shall€be€completed€before€the€hearing€or€trial.€€A€requestÐ °X Ðfor€discovery€and€inspection€and€response€need€not€be€in€writingÐ \ Ðand€need€not€be€filed€with€the€court.€€If€a€request€was€madeÐ  ° Ðbefore€the€date€of€the€hearing€or€trial€and€the€request€wasÐ ´ \  Ðrefused€or€denied,€the€court€may€grant€a€delay€or€continuance€inÐ `   Ðthe€hearing€or€trial€to€permit€the€inspection€or€discovery.€€Ð  ´  ÐÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€òò(j)€€Material€Not€to€be€Filed€with€the€CourtóóÐ ¸`  Ðà  à€€òòExcept€as€otherwise€provided€in€these€Rules€or€by€order€ofÐ d  Ðcourt,€discovery€material€shall€not€be€filed€with€the€court.Ð ¸ ÐThis€section€does€not€preclude€the€use€of€discovery€material€atÐ ¼d Ðtrial€or€as€an€exhibit€to€support€or€oppose€a€motion.óóÐ h Ѐ€òò(k)€€Retention;€Inspection€of€OriginalóóÐ ¼ Ðà  à€€òòThe€party€generating€discovery€material€shall€retain€theÐ Àh Ðoriginal€until€the€expiration€of€any€sentence€imposed€on€theÐ l Ðdefendant€and,€on€request,€shall€make€the€original€available€forÐ À  Ðinspection€and€copying€by€the€other€party.óó€Ô#†X%XXX=øn#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ Äl" Ѐ€òò(l)€€Protective€OrdersóóÐ p $ Ðà  à€€òòOn€motion€of€a€party€or€a€person€from€whom€discovery€isÐ "Ä& Ðsought,€the€court,€for€good€cause€shown,€may€order€that€specifiedÐ È#p!( Ðdisclosures€be€denied€or€restricted€in€any€manner€that€justiceÐ t%#* Ðrequires.óóÐ  'È$, Ѐ€òò(m)€€Failure€to€Comply€with€Discovery€ObligationóóÐ Ì(t&. Ðà  à€€òòThe€failure€of€a€party€to€comply€with€a€discoveryÐ x* (0 Ðobligation€in€this€Rule€does€not€automatically€disqualify€aÐ $,Ì)2 Ðwitness€from€testifying.€€If€a€motion€is€filed€to€disqualify€Ô_ÔtheÐ Ð-x+4 Ðwitnessððs€testimonyÔ#†X%XXX=Jr#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô,€disqualification€is€within€the€discretion€ofÐ X Ðthe€court.óóÔ#†X%XXX=ju#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ ¬ ÐÔ#†X%XXX=üu#ÔSource:€€This€Rule€is€new.€€Ð °X ÐÌÌÐ  ´ \  ÐÒî°ÒÑ€>;ÑÖ€?<žÖÑ  Ñò òÓÓPROPOSED€REVISED€RULE€4„263,€SHOWING€CHANGES€FROM€CURRENT€RULE€4„263Ð X ÐÌó óÌà@yyÍàMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆÐ öž ÐÒ°îÒÌà@ìàTITLE€4€„€CRIMINAL€CAUSESˆÐ ¢J ÐÌà@0 0 ìàCHAPTER€200€„€PRETRIAL€PROCEDURESˆÐ Nö ÐÌÌRule€4-263.€€DISCOVERY€IN€CIRCUIT€COURT€Ð Ð x  ÐÌÌÓÓ€€òò(a)€€ApplicabilityóóÐ R ú  Ðà  à€€òòThis€Rule€governsóó€ò òDiscoveryó ó€òòÔ_ÔdiscoveryÔ_Ôóó€and€inspection€in€òòaóóÐ þ¦  Ðcircuit€court€ò òshall€be€as€follows:ó óòò.óó€€Ð ªR ÐÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€òò(b)€€DefinitionsóóÐ Vþ Ðà  à€€òòIn€this€Rule,€the€following€definitions€apply:óóÐ ª Ѐ€€€òò(1)€€DefenseóóÐ ®V Ðà  à€€€€òòð ðDefenseðð€means€an€attorney€for€the€defendant€or€aÐ Z Ðdefendant€who€is€acting€without€an€attorney.óóÐ ® Ѐ€€€òò(2)€€Defense€WitnessóóÐ ²Z Ðà  à€€€€òòð ðDefense€witnessðð€means€a€witness€whom€the€defenseÐ ^ Ðintends€to€call€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial.óóÐ  ²! Ѐ€€€òò(3)€€Oral€StatementóóÐ ¶^# Ðà  à€€€òòð ðOral€statementðð€of€a€person€means€the€substance€of€aÐ b! % Ðstatement€of€any€kind€by€that€person,€whether€or€not€reflected€inÐ #¶ ' Ðan€existing€writing€or€recording.óóÐ º$b") Ѐ€€€òò(4)€€Stateððs€WitnessóóÐ f&$+ Ðà  à€€€€òòð ðStateððs€witnessðð€means€a€witness€whom€the€StateððsÐ (º%- ÐAttorney€intends€to€call€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial.óóÐ ¾)f'/ ÐòòCross€reference:€€For€the€definition€of€ð ðStateððs€Attorney,ðð€seeÐ j+)1 ÐRule€4„102€(k).óóÐ -¾*3 Ѐ€€€òò(5)€€Written€StatementóóÐ Â.j,5 ÐÔ_Ôà  à€€€€òòð ðWritten€statementðð€of€a€person:óóÐ X Ѐ€€€€€òò(A)€includes€a€statement€in€writing€that€is€made,€signed,Ð ¬ Ðor€adopted€by€that€person;óóÐ °X Ѐ€€€€€òò(B)€includes€the€substance€of€a€statement€of€any€kind€madeÐ \ Ðby€that€person€that€is€embodied€or€summarized€in€a€writing€orÐ  ° Ðrecording,€whether€or€not€signed€or€adopted€by€the€person;óóÐ ´ \  Ðà  à€òò(C)€includes€a€statement€contained€in€a€police€orÐ `   Ðinvestigative€report;€butóó€Ð  ´  Ðà  à€òò(D)€does€not€include€attorney€work€product.óóÔ#†X%XXX=†y#ÔÐ ¸`  Ѐ€ò ò(g)ó ó€òò(c)óó€Obligations€of€ò òState's€Attorneyó ó€òòthe€PartiesóóÐ d  Ѐ€€€òò(1)€€Due€DiligenceóóÐ ¸ ÐÔ‡X=XXX%Ôà  à€€€€òòThe€Stateððs€Attorney€and€defense€shall€exercise€dueÐ ¼d Ðdiligence€to€identify€all€of€the€material€and€information€thatÐ h Ðmust€be€disclosed€under€this€Rule.óó€€Ô#†X%XXX= ‚#ÔÐ ¼ ÐÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€€€òò(2)€€Scope€of€ObligationsóóÔ#†X%XXX=;ƒ#ÔÐ Àh Ðà  à€€The€obligations€of€the€State's€Attorney€ò òunder€this€Ruleó óÐ l Ðòòand€the€defenseóó€extend€to€material€and€information€òòthat€must€beÐ À  Ðdisclosed€under€this€Rule€and€that€areóó€in€the€possession€orÐ Äl" Ðcontrol€of€ò òthe€State's€Attorney€and€staff€members€and€any€othersÐ p $ Ðwho€have€participated€in€the€investigation€or€evaluation€of€theÐ "Ä& Ðaction€and€who€either€regularly€report,€or€with€reference€to€theÐ È#p!( Ðparticular€action€have€reported,€to€the€office€of€the€State'sÐ t%#* ÐAttorneyó ó€Ô‡X=XXX%Ôòòthe€attorney,€members€of€the€attorneyððs€staff,€or€anyÐ  'È$, Ðother€person€who€either€reports€regularly€to€the€attorneyððsÐ Ì(t&. Ðoffice€or€has€reported€to€the€attorneyððs€office€in€regard€to€theÐ x* (0 Ðparticular€caseóó.Ô#†X%XXX=$†#ÔÐ $,Ì)2 ÐÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÓÓòòCross€reference:€€For€the€obligations€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney,Ð Ð-x+4 Ðsee€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€392€Md.€194€(2006).óó€€Ð ¦.N,5 ÐÔ#†X%XXX=‰‡#Ô€€Ð X ÐÓÓ€€ò ò(a)ó ó€òò(d)óó€Disclosure€ò òWithout€Requestó ó€òòby€the€Stateððs€AttorneyóóÐ .Ö Ðà  à€€Without€the€necessity€of€a€request,€the€State's€AttorneyÐ Ú‚ Ðshall€ò òfurnishó ó€òòprovideóó€to€the€ò òdefendantó ó€òòdefenseóó:€€Ð †. ÐÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€€€òò(1)€€StatementsóóÐ 2Ú Ðà  à€€€€òòAll€written€and€all€oral€statements€of€the€defendant€andÐ Þ †  Ðof€any€co„defendant€that€relate€to€the€offense€charged€and€allÐ Š 2  Ðmaterial€and€information,€including€documents€and€recordings,Ð 6 Þ  Ðthat€relate€to€the€acquisition€of€such€statements;óóР⊠ Ѐ€€€òò(2)€€Criminal€RecordóóÐ Ž6 Ðà  à€€€€òòPrior€criminal€convictions,€pending€charges,€andÐ :â Ðprobationary€status€of€the€defendant€and€of€any€co„defendant;óóÐ æŽ Ѐ€€€òò(3)€€Stateððs€WitnessesóóÐ ’: Ðà  à€€€€òòThe€name€and,€except€as€provided€under€Code,€CriminalÐ >æ ÐProcedure€Article,€Ô#†X%XXX=Ή#ÔÔ‡XXXX%Ô'Ô#†X%XXX#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ô11„205€or€Rule€16„1009€(b),€the€address€ofÐ ê’ Ðeach€Stateððs€witness€whom€the€Stateððs€Attorney€intends€to€call€toÐ šB Ðprove€the€Stateððs€case€in€chief€or€to€rebut€alibi€testimony,Ð Fî Ðtogether€with€all€written€statements€of€the€person€that€relate€toÐ òš! Ðthe€offense€charged;óóÐ žF# Ѐ€€€òò(4)€€Prior€ConductóóÔ#†X%XXX=X#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ J!ò% Ðà  à€€€€òòAll€evidence€of€other€crimes,€wrongs,€or€acts€committedÐ ö"ž ' Ðby€the€defendant€that€the€Stateððs€Attorney€intends€to€offer€at€aÐ ¢$J") Ðhearing€or€at€trial€pursuant€to€Rule€5„404€(b);Ô#†X%XXX='#ÔóóÐ N&ö#+ ÐÌÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€€€ò ò(1)ó ó€òò(5)€€Exculpatory€InformationóóÐ ¦)N'/ Ðà  à€€€€ò òAnyó ó€òòAllóó€material€or€information€ò òtending€toó ó€òòin€any€form,Ð R+ú(1 Ðwhether€or€not€admissible,€that€tends€to€exculpate€the€defendantÐ þ,¦*3 Ðoróó€negate€or€mitigate€the€òòdefendantððsóó€guilt€or€punishment€ò òof€theÐ ª.R,5 Ðdefendantó ó€as€to€the€offense€charged;Ô#†X%XXX=}#ÔÐ X ÐÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€€€òò(6)€€Impeachment€InformationóóÐ ¬ Ðà  à€€€€òòAll€material€or€information€in€any€form,€whether€or€notÐ °X Ðadmissible,€that€tends€to€impeach€a€Stateððs€witness,€including:óó€Ð \ Ðà  à€òò(A)€evidence€of€prior€conduct€to€show€the€character€of€theÐ  ° Ðwitness€for€untruthfulness€pursuant€to€Rule€5„608€(b);óó€Ô#†X%XXX=j’#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ ´ \  Ѐ€€€€€òò(B)€a€relationship€between€the€Stateððs€Attorney€and€theÐ `   Ðwitness,€including€the€nature€and€circumstances€of€any€agreement,Ð  ´  Ðunderstanding,€or€representation€that€may€constitute€anÐ ¸`  Ðinducement€for€the€cooperation€or€testimony€of€the€witness;óó€Ð d  Ðò òó ó€€€€€€òò(C)€prior€criminal€convictions,€pending€charges,€orÐ ¸ Ðprobationary€status€that€may€be€used€to€impeach€the€witness,€butÐ ¼d Ðthe€Stateððs€Attorney€is€not€required€to€investigate€the€criminalÐ h Ðrecord€of€the€witness€unless€the€Stateððs€Attorney€knows€or€hasÐ ¼ Ðreason€to€believe€that€the€witness€has€a€criminal€record;óó€Ð Àh Ѐ€€€€€òò(D)€an€oral€statement€of€the€witness,€not€otherwiseÐ l Ðmemorialized,€that€is€materially€inconsistent€with€anotherÐ À  Ðstatement€made€by€the€witness€or€with€a€statement€made€by€anotherÐ Äl" Ðwitness;óóÐ p $ Ðà  à€òò(E)€a€medical€or€psychiatric€condition€or€addiction€of€theÐ "Ä& Ðwitness€that€may€impair€the€witnessððs€ability€to€testifyÐ È#p!( Ðtruthfully€or€accurately,€but€the€Stateððs€Attorney€is€notÐ t%#* Ðrequired€to€inquire€into€a€witnessððs€medical,€psychiatric,€orÐ  'È$, Ðaddiction€history€or€status€unless€the€Stateððs€Attorney€hasÐ Ì(t&. Ðinformation€that€reasonably€would€lead€to€a€belief€that€anÐ x* (0 Ðinquiry€would€result€in€discovering€a€condition€that€may€impairÐ $,Ì)2 Ðthe€witnessððs€ability€to€testify€truthfully€or€accurately;óóÐ Ð-x+4 Ðà  à€òò(F)€the€fact€that€the€witness€has€taken€but€did€not€pass€aÐ X Ðpolygraph€examination;€andóóÐ ¬ Ðà  à€òò(G)€the€failure€of€the€witness€to€identify€the€defendant€orÐ °X Ða€co„defendant;óóÐ \ ÐÓÓòòCross€reference:€€See€òòBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373€U.S.€83€(1963);Ð  ° ÐòòKyles€v.€Whitleyóó,€514€U.S.€419€(1995);€òòGiglio€v.€U.S.óó,€405€U.S.Ð ä Œ  Ð150€(1972);€òòU.S.€v.€Agursóó,€427€U.S.€97€(1976);€Thomas€v.€State,Ð À h  Ð372€Md.€342€(2002);€òòGoldsmith€v.€Stateóó,€337€Md.€112€(1995);€andÐ œ D  ÐòòLyba€v.€Stateóó,€321€Md.€564€(1991).óóÔ#†X%XXX=:”#ÔÐ x  ÐÌÓÓÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€€€ò ò(2)ó ó€(7)€€òòSearches,€Seizures,€Surveillance,€and€PretrialÐ *Ò  ÐIdentificationóóÔ#†X%XXX=,ž#ÔÐ Ö~  Ѐ€€€€ò òAnyó ó€òòAllóó€relevant€material€or€information€regarding:€Ð ‚* Ѐ€€€€€(A)€specific€searches€and€seizures,€ò òwire€taps€oró óÐ .Ö Ðeavesdropping,€òòand€electronic€surveillance€including€wiretaps;Ð Ú‚ Ðandóó€Ð †. Ѐ€€€€€ò ò(B)€the€acquisition€of€statements€made€by€the€defendant€toÐ 2Ú Ða€State€agent€that€the€State€intends€to€use€at€a€hearing€orÐ Þ† Ðtrial,€andó ó€Ð Š2 Ѐ€€€€€ò ò(C)ó ó€òò(B)óó€pretrial€identification€of€the€defendant€by€aÐ 6Þ  ÐòòStateððsóó€witness€ò òfor€the€State.ó óòò;óó€€Ð âŠ" Ѐ€ò ò(b)€€Disclosure€Upon€Requestó óÐ Ž 6$ Ðà  à€€ò òUpon€request€of€the€defendant,€the€State's€Attorney€shall:Ð :"â& Ðó ó€€€€€ò ò(1)€€Witnessesó óÐ æ#Ž!( Ðà  à€€€€ò òDisclose€to€the€defendant€the€name€and€address€of€eachÐ ’%:#* Ðperson€then€known€whom€the€State€intends€to€call€as€a€witness€atÐ >'æ$, Ðthe€hearing€or€trial€to€prove€its€case€in€chief€or€to€rebut€alibiÐ ê(’&. Ðtestimony;ó ó€€Ð –*>(0 Ѐ€€€ò ò(2)€€Statements€of€the€Defendantó óÐ B,ê)2 Ðà  à€€€€ò òAs€to€all€statements€made€by€the€defendant€to€a€StateÐ î-–+4 Ðagent€that€the€State€intends€to€use€at€a€hearing€or€trial,Ð X Ðfurnish€to€the€defendant,€but€not€file€unless€the€court€soÐ ¬ Ðorders:€(A)€a€copy€of€each€written€or€recorded€statement,€and€(B)Ð °X Ðthe€substance€of€each€oral€statement€and€a€copy€of€all€reports€ofÐ \ Ðeach€oral€statement;ó ó€€Ð  ° Ѐ€€€ò ò(3)€€Statements€of€Codefendantsó óÐ ´ \  Ðà  à€€€€ò òAs€to€all€statements€made€by€a€codefendant€to€a€StateÐ `   Ðagent€which€the€State€intends€to€use€at€a€joint€hearing€or€trial,Ð  ´  Ðfurnish€to€the€defendant,€but€not€file€unless€the€court€soÐ ¸`  Ðorders:€(A)€a€copy€of€each€written€or€recorded€statement,€and€(B)Ð d  Ðthe€substance€of€each€oral€statement€and€a€copy€of€all€reports€ofÐ ¸ Ðeach€oral€statement;ó ó€€Ð ¼d Ѐ€€€ò ò(4)ó ó€òò(8)óó€Reports€or€Statements€of€ExpertsÐ h Ðà  à€€€€ò òProduce€and€permit€the€defendant€to€inspect€and€copy€allÐ ¼ Ðwritten€reports€or€statements€made€inó ó€òòAs€to€each€expert€consultedÐ Àh Ðby€the€Stateððs€Attorney€inóó€connection€with€the€actionòò:ò òóó€by€eachÐ l Ðexpert€consulted€by€the€State,ó ó€Ð À  Ѐ€€€€€òò(A)€€Ô‡X=XXX%Ôthe€expertððs€name€and€address,€the€subject€matter€ofÐ Äl" Ðthe€consultation,€the€substance€of€the€expertððs€findings€andÐ p $ Ðopinions,€and€a€summary€of€the€grounds€for€each€opinion;óó€Ð "Ä& Ðà  à€òò(B)€the€opportunity€to€inspect€and€copy€all€written€reportsÐ È#p!( Ðor€statements€made€in€connection€with€the€action€by€the€expert,Ô#†X%XXX=Q©#ÔÐ t%#* Ðóóincluding€the€results€of€any€physical€or€mental€examination,Ð  'È$, Ðscientific€test,€experiment,€or€comparisonò ò,ó óòò;óó€and€Ð Ì(t&. Ѐ€€€€€òò(C)óó€ò òfurnish€the€defendant€withó ó€the€substance€of€any€ò òsuchó óÐ x* (0 Ðoral€report€and€conclusion€òòby€the€expertóó;€€Ð $,Ì)2 Ѐ€€€ò ò(5)ó ó€òò(9)óó€€Evidence€for€Use€at€Ô_ÔTrialÐ Ð-x+4 Ðà  à€€€€ò òProduce€and€permit€the€defendantó ó€òòThe€opportunityóó€toÐ X Ðinspect,€copy,€and€photograph€ò òanyó ó€òòallóó€documents,Ð ¬ Ðcomputer-generated€evidence€as€defined€in€Rule€2-504.3€(a),Ð °X Ðrecordings,€photographs,€or€other€tangible€things€that€the€ò òStateó óÐ \ ÐòòÔ_ÔStateÔ_Ôððs€Attorneyóó€intends€to€use€at€ò òtheó ó€òòaóó€hearing€or€òòatóó€trial;€òòandóó€Ð  ° Ѐ€€€ò ò(6)ó ó€òò(10)óó€€Property€of€the€DefendantÐ ´ \  Ðà  à€€€€ò òProduce€and€permit€the€defendantó ó€òòThe€opportunityóó€toÐ `   Ðinspect,€copy,€and€photograph€ò òany€itemó ó€òòall€itemsóó€obtained€from€orÐ  ´  Ðbelonging€to€the€defendant,€whether€or€not€the€ò òStateó ó€òòÔ_ÔStateÔ_ÔððsÐ ¸`  ÐAttorneyóó€intends€to€use€the€item€at€ò òtheó ó€òòaóó€hearing€or€òòatóó€trial.€€Ð d  Ѐ€ò ò(c)€€Matters€Not€Subject€to€Discovery€by€the€Defendantó óÐ ¸ Ðà  à€€ò òThis€Rule€does€not€require€the€State€to€disclose:ó ó€€Ð ¼d Ѐ€€€ò ò(1)€Any€documents€to€the€extent€that€they€contain€theÐ h Ðopinions,€theories,€conclusions,€or€other€work€product€of€theÐ ¼ ÐState's€Attorney,€oró ó€€Ð Àh Ѐ€€€ò ò(2)€The€identity€of€a€confidential€informant,€so€long€as€theÐ l Ðfailure€to€€disclose€the€informant's€identity€does€not€infringe€aÐ À  Ðconstitutional€right€of€the€defendant€and€the€State's€AttorneyÐ Äl" Ðdoes€not€intend€to€call€the€informant€€as€a€witness,€oró ó€€Ð p $ Ѐ€€€ò ò(3)€Any€other€matter€if€the€court€finds€that€its€disclosureÐ "Ä& Ðwould€entail€a€substantial€risk€of€harm€to€any€person€outweighingÐ È#p!( Ðthe€interest€in€disclosure.ó ó€€Ð t%#* Ѐ€ò ò(d)€€Discovery€by€the€Stateó óÐ  'È$, Ðà  à€€ò òUpon€the€request€of€the€State,€the€defendant€shall:ó ó€€Ð Ì(t&. Ѐ€€€ò ò(1)€€As€to€the€Person€of€the€Defendantó óÐ x* (0 Ðà  à€€€€ò òAppear€in€a€lineup€for€identification;€speak€forÐ $,Ì)2 Ðidentification;€be€fingerprinted;€pose€for€photographs€notÐ Ð-x+4 ÐÔ_Ôinvolving€reenactment€of€a€scene;€try€on€articles€of€clothing;Ð X Ðpermit€the€taking€of€specimens€of€material€under€fingernails;Ð ¬ Ðpermit€the€taking€of€samples€of€blood,€hair,€and€other€materialÐ °X Ðinvolving€no€unreasonable€intrusion€upon€the€defendant's€person;Ð \ Ðprovide€handwriting€specimens;€and€submit€to€reasonable€physicalÐ  ° Ðor€mental€examination;ó ó€€Ð ´ \  Ѐ€€€ò ò(2)€€Reports€of€Expertsó óÐ `   Ðà  à€€€€ò òProduce€and€permit€the€State€to€inspect€and€copy€allÐ  ´  Ðwritten€reports€made€in€connection€with€the€action€by€each€expertÐ ¸`  Ðwhom€the€defendant€expects€to€call€as€a€witness€at€the€hearing€orÐ d  Ðtrial,€including€the€results€of€any€physical€or€mentalÐ ¸ Ðexamination,€scientific€test,€experiment,€or€comparison,€andÐ ¼d Ðfurnish€the€State€with€the€substance€of€any€such€oral€report€andÐ h Ðconclusion;ó ó€Ð ¼ Ѐ€€€ò ò(3)€€Alibi€Witnessesó óÐ Àh Ðà  à€€€€ò òUpon€designation€by€the€State€of€the€time,€place,€andÐ l Ðdate€of€the€alleged€occurrence,€furnish€the€name€and€address€ofÐ À  Ðeach€person€other€than€the€defendant€whom€the€defendant€intendsÐ Äl" Ðto€call€as€a€witness€to€show€that€the€defendant€was€not€presentÐ p $ Ðat€the€time,€place,€and€date€designated€by€the€State€in€itsÐ "Ä& Ðrequest.ó ó€€Ð È#p!( Ѐ€€€ò ò(4)€€Computer-generated€Evidenceó óÐ t%#* Ðà  à€€€€ò òProduce€and€permit€the€State€to€inspect€and€copy€anyÐ  'È$, Ðcomputer-generated€evidence€as€defined€in€Rule€2-504.3€(a)€thatÐ Ì(t&. Ðthe€defendant€intends€to€use€at€the€hearing€or€trial.ó ó€€Ð x* (0 ÐÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€òò(e)€€Disclosure€by€DefenseóóÐ $,Ì)2 Ðà  à€€òòWithout€the€necessity€of€a€request,€the€defense€shallÐ Ð-x+4 Ðprovide€to€the€Stateððs€Attorney:óóÐ X Ѐ€€€òò(1)€€Reports€or€Statements€of€ExpertsóóÐ ¬ Ѐ€€€€€€€€òòAs€to€each€defense€witness€the€defense€intends€to€callÐ °X Ðto€testify€as€an€expert€witness:óó€Ð \ Ðà  à€òò(A)€the€expertÔ#†X%XXX=u½#ÔÔ‡XXXX%Ô=Ô#†X%XXXv¿#ÔÔ‡X=XXX%Ôs€name€and€address,€the€subject€matter€onÐ  ° Ðwhich€the€expert€is€expected€to€testify,€the€substance€of€theÐ ¸ `  Ðfindings€and€the€opinions€to€which€the€expert€is€expected€toÐ d  Ðtestify,€and€a€summary€of€the€grounds€for€each€opinion;óó€Ð ¸  Ðà  à€òò(B)€the€opportunity€to€inspect€and€copy€all€written€reportsÐ ¼d  Ðmade€in€connection€with€the€action€by€the€expert,€including€theÐ h Ðresults€of€any€physical€or€mental€examination,€scientific€test,Ð ¼ Ðexperiment,€or€comparison;€andóó€Ð Àh Ðà  à€òò(C)€the€substance€of€any€oral€report€and€conclusion€by€theÐ l Ðexpert;óóÐ À Ѐ€€òò(2)€€Character€WitnessesóóÐ Äl Ѐ€€€€€€€òòAs€to€each€defense€witness€the€defense€intends€to€call€toÐ p Ðtestify€as€to€the€defendantððs€veracity€or€other€relevantÐ Ä  Ðcharacter€trait,€the€name€and,€except€when€the€witness€declinesÐ Èp" Ðpermission,€the€address€of€that€witness;óóÐ t $ Ѐ€€òò(3)€€Alibi€WitnessesóóÐ  "È& Ðà  à€€€òòIf€the€Stateððs€Attorney€has€designated€the€time,€place,Ð Ì#t!( Ðand€date€of€the€alleged€offense,€the€name€and,€except€when€theÐ x% #* Ðwitness€declines€permission,€the€address€of€each€person€otherÐ $'Ì$, Ðthan€the€defendant€whom€the€defense€intends€to€call€as€a€witnessÐ Ð(x&. Ðto€show€that€the€defendant€was€not€present€at€the€time,€place,€orÐ |*$(0 Ðdate€designated€by€the€Stateððs€Attorney;óóÐ (,Ð)2 Ѐ€€€òò(4)€€Insanity€DefenseóóÐ Ô-|+4 Ѐ€à  à€€€€òòNotice€of€any€intention€to€rely€on€a€defense€of€notÐ X Ðcriminally€responsible€by€reason€of€insanity,€and€the€name€and,Ð ¬ Ðexcept€when€the€witness€declines€permission,€the€address€of€eachÐ °X Ðdefense€witness€other€than€the€defendant€in€support€of€thatÐ \ Ðdefense;€andóóÐ  ° ÐÓÓòòCommittee€note:€€The€address€of€an€expert€witness€must€beÐ ´ \  Ðprovided.€€See€subsection€(e)(1)(A)€of€this€Rule.óóÐ Š 2  ÐÌÓÓ€€€€òò(5)€€Documents,€Computer„generated€Evidence,€and€Other€ThingsóóÐ 6 Þ  Ðà  à€€€€òòThe€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photograph€anyР⊠ Ðdocuments,€computer-generated€evidence€as€defined€in€Rule€2-504.3Ð Ž6 Ð(a),€recordings,€photographs,€or€other€tangible€things€that€theÐ :â Ðdefense€intends€to€use€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial.Ô#†X%XXX=¹¿#ÔóóÐ æŽ ÐÔ‡X=XXX%Ô€€òò(f)€€Person€of€the€DefendantóóÐ ’: Ѐ€€€òò(1)€€On€RequestóóÐ >æ Ðà  à€€€€òòOn€request€of€the€Stateððs€Attorney€that€includesÐ ê’ Ðreasonable€notice€of€the€time€and€place,€the€defendant€shallÐ –> Ðappear€for€the€purpose€of:óóÐ Bê Ðà  à€òò(A)€providing€fingerprints,€photographs,€handwritingÐ î–! Ðexemplars,€or€voice€exemplars;óó€Ð šB# Ðà  à€òò(B)€appearing,€moving,€or€speaking€for€identification€in€aÐ F!î% Ðlineup;€or€óóÐ ò"š ' Ðà  à€òò(C)€trying€on€clothing€or€other€articles.óó€€Ð ž$F") Ѐ€€€òò(2)€€On€MotionóóÐ J&ò#+ Ðà  à€€€€òòOn€motion€filed€by€the€Stateððs€Attorney,€with€reasonableÐ ö'ž%- Ðnotice€to€the€defense,€the€court,€for€good€cause€shown,€shallÐ ¢)J'/ Ðorder€the€defendant€to€appear€and€(A)€permit€the€taking€of€buccalÐ N+ö(1 Ðsamples,€samples€of€other€materials€of€the€body,€or€specimens€ofÐ ú,¢*3 Ðblood,€urine,€saliva,€breath,€hair,€nails,€or€material€under€theÐ ¦.N,5 Ðnails€or€(B)€submit€to€a€reasonable€physical€or€mentalÐ X Ðexamination.óóÐ ¬ Ѐ€òò(g)€€Matters€Not€Discoverableóóò òó óÐ °X Ѐ€€€òò(1)€€By€any€PartyóóÐ \ Ðà  à€€€€òòNotwithstanding€any€other€provision€of€this€Rule,Ð  ° Ðneither€the€Stateððs€Attorney€nor€the€defense€is€required€toÐ ´ \  Ðdisclose€(A)€the€mental€impressions,€trial€strategy,€personalÐ `   Ðbeliefs,€or€other€privileged€attorney€work€product€or€(B)€anyÐ  ´  Ðother€material€or€information€if€the€court€finds€that€itsÐ ¸`  Ðdisclosure€is€not€constitutionally€required€and€would€entail€aÐ d  Ðsubstantial€risk€of€harm€to€any€person€that€outweighs€theÐ ¸ Ðinterest€in€disclosure.óóÐ ¼d Ѐ€€€òò(2)€€By€the€DefenseóóÐ h Ðà  à€€€€òòThe€Stateððs€Attorney€is€not€required€to€disclose€theÐ ¼ Ðidentity€of€a€confidential€informant€unless€the€Stateððs€AttorneyÐ Àh Ðintends€to€call€the€informant€as€a€Stateððs€witness€or€unless€theÐ l Ðfailure€to€disclose€the€informant's€identity€would€infringe€aÐ À  Ðconstitutional€right€of€the€defendant.óó€Ô#†X%XXX=™Ê#ÔÐ Äl" Ѐ€ò ò(e)ó ó€òò(h)óó€€Time€for€DiscoveryÐ p $ Ðà  à€€òòUnless€the€court€orders€otherwise:óóÐ "Ä& Ѐ€€€òò(1)óó€ò òTheó ó€òòtheóó€State's€Attorney€shall€make€disclosure€pursuantÐ È#p!( Ðto€section€ò ò(a)ó ó€òò(d)óó€of€this€Rule€within€ò ò25ó ó€òò(30)óó€days€after€theÐ t%#* Ðearlier€of€the€appearance€of€counsel€or€the€first€appearance€ofÐ  'È$, Ðthe€defendant€before€the€court€pursuant€to€Rule€4-213òò,€andóóò ò.ó ó€€ò òAnyÐ Ì(t&. Ðrequest€by€the€defendant€for€discovery€pursuant€to€section€(b)€ofÐ x* (0 Ðthis€Rule,€and€any€request€by€the€State€for€discovery€pursuant€toÐ $,Ì)2 Ðsection€(d)€of€this€Rule€shall€be€made€within€15€days€after€theÐ Ð-x+4 Ðearlier€of€the€appearance€of€counsel€or€the€first€appearance€ofÐ X Ðthe€defendant€before€the€court€pursuant€to€Rule€4-213.€€The€partyÐ ¬ Ðserved€with€the€request€shall€furnish€the€discovery€within€tenÐ °X Ðdays€after€service.ó ó€€Ð \ Ѐ€€€òò(2)€the€defense€shall€make€disclosure€pursuant€to€section€(e)Ð  ° Ðof€this€Rule€no€later€than€30€days€before€the€first€scheduledÐ ´ \  Ðtrial€date.óóÐ `   Ѐ€ò ò(f)ó ó€òò(i)óó€€Motion€to€Compel€DiscoveryÐ  ´  Ѐ€€€òò(1)€€TimeóóÐ ¸`  Ðà  à€€€€ò òIf€discovery€is€not€furnished€as€requested,€aó ó€òòAóó€motionÐ d  Ðto€compel€discovery€òòbased€on€the€failure€to€provide€discoveryÐ ¸ Ðwithin€the€time€required€by€section€(h)€of€this€Ruleóó€ò òmayó ó€òòshallóó€beÐ ¼d Ðfiled€within€ten€days€after€ò òreceipt€of€inadequate€discovery€orÐ h Ðafter€discovery€should€have€been€received,€whichever€is€earlieró óÐ ¼ Ðòòthe€date€the€discovery€was€due.€€A€motion€to€compel€based€onÐ Àh Ðinadequate€discovery€shall€be€filed€within€ten€days€after€theÐ l Ðdate€the€discovery€was€receivedóó.€€Ð À  Ѐ€€€òò(2)€€ContentóóÐ Äl" Ðà  à€€€€ò òTheó ó€òòAóó€motion€shall€specifically€describe€the€ò òrequestedÐ p $ Ðmatters€that€have€not€been€furnishedó ó€òòinformation€or€material€thatÐ "Ä& Ðhas€not€been€providedóó.€€Ð È#p!( Ѐ€€€òò(3)€€ResponseóóÐ t%#* Ðà  à€€€€A€response€ò òto€the€motionó ó€may€be€filed€within€five€daysÐ  'È$, Ðafter€service€of€the€motion.€€Ð Ì(t&. Ѐ€€€òò(4)€€CertificateóóÐ x* (0 Ðà  à€€€€The€court€need€not€consider€any€motion€to€compelÐ $,Ì)2 Ðdiscovery€unless€the€moving€party€has€filed€a€certificate€Ð Ð-x+4 Ðdescribing€good€faith€attempts€to€discuss€with€the€opposing€partyÐ X Ðthe€resolution€of€the€dispute€and€certifying€that€they€are€unableÐ ¬ Ðto€reach€agreement€on€the€disputed€issues.€€The€certificate€shallÐ °X Ðinclude€the€date,€time,€and€circumstances€of€each€discussion€orÐ \ Ðattempted€discussion.€€Ð  ° Ѐ€ò ò(h)ó ó€òò(j)óó€€Continuing€Duty€to€DiscloseÐ ´ \  Ðà  à€€òòEach€party€is€under€a€continuing€obligation€to€produceÐ `   Ðdiscoverable€material€and€information€to€the€other€side.óó€€A€partyÐ  ´  Ðwho€has€responded€to€a€request€or€order€for€discovery€and€whoÐ ¸`  Ðobtains€further€material€information€shall€supplement€theÐ d  Ðresponse€promptly.€€Ð ¸ ÐÔ_ÔÔ‡X=XXX%ÔÐ  ¼d Ѐ€òò(k)€€Manner€of€Providing€Discovery;€Material€Not€to€be€FiledÐ X Ðwith€CourtóóÐ ¬ Ѐ€€€òò(1)€€By€AgreementóóÐ °X Ðà  à€€€€òòDiscovery€may€be€accomplished€in€any€manner€mutuallyÐ \ Ðagreeable€to€the€parties.€€The€parties€shall€file€with€the€courtÐ  ° Ða€statement€of€their€agreement.óóà  à€€€€Ð ´ \  Ѐ€€€òò(2)€€If€No€AgreementóóÐ `   Ðà  à€€€€òòIn€the€absence€of€an€agreement,€the€party€generating€theÐ  ´  Ðdiscovery€material€shall€(A)€serve€the€discovery€material€on€theÐ ¸`  Ðother€party€and€(B)€promptly€file€with€the€court€a€notice€thatÐ d  Ð(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)€reasonably€identifies€the€information€provided€and€(ii)Ð ¸ Ðstates€the€date€and€manner€of€service.€€On€request,€the€partyÐ ¼d Ðgenerating€the€discovery€material€shall€make€the€originalÐ h Ðavailable€for€inspection€and€copying€by€the€other€party.óóÐ ¼ Ѐ€€€òò(3)€€Not€to€be€Filed€with€the€CourtóóÐ Àh Ðà  à€€€€òòExcept€as€otherwise€provided€in€these€Rules€or€by€orderÐ l Ðof€court,€discovery€material€shall€not€be€filed€with€the€court.Ð À  ÐThis€section€does€not€preclude€the€use€of€discovery€material€atÐ Äl" Ðtrial€or€as€an€exhibit€to€support€or€oppose€a€motion.óóÐ p $ Ѐ€òò(l)€€RetentionóóÐ "Ä& Ðà  à€€òòThe€party€generating€discovery€material€shall€retain€theÐ È#p!( Ðoriginal€until€the€earlier€of€the€expiration€of€(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)€any€sentenceÐ t%#* Ðimposed€on€the€defendant€or€(ii)€the€retention€period€that€theÐ  'È$, Ðmaterial€would€have€been€retained€under€the€applicable€recordsÐ Ì(t&. Ðretention€and€disposal€schedule€had€the€material€been€filed€withÐ x* (0 Ðthe€court.óó€Ô#†X%XXX=¶â#ÔÐ $,Ì)2 Ѐ€ò ò(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)ó ó€òò(m)óó€Protective€OrdersÐ Ð-x+4 ÐÔ_Ô€€€€òò(1)€€GenerallyóóÐ X Ðà  à€€€€ò òOn€motion€and€for€good€cause€shown,€the€court€may€orderÐ ¬ Ðthat€specified€disclosures€be€restricted.€€If€at€any€time€duringÐ °X Ðthe€proceedings€the€court€finds€that€a€party€has€failed€to€complyÐ \ Ðwith€this€Rule€or€an€order€issued€pursuant€to€this€Rule,€theÐ  ° Ðcourt€may€order€that€party€to€permit€the€discovery€of€the€mattersÐ ´ \  Ðnot€previously€disclosed,€strike€the€testimony€to€which€theÐ `   Ðundisclosed€matter€relates,€grant€a€reasonable€continuance,Ð  ´  Ðprohibit€the€party€from€introducing€in€evidence€the€matter€notÐ ¸`  Ðdisclosed,€grant€a€mistrial,€or€enter€any€other€order€appropriateÐ d  Ðunder€the€circumstances.ó ó€€Ð ¸ ÐÔ‡X=XXX%Ôà  à€€€€òòOn€motion€of€a€party€or€a€person€from€whom€discovery€isÐ ¼d Ðsought,€the€court,€for€good€cause€shown,€may€order€that€specifiedÐ h Ðdisclosures€be€denied€or€restricted€in€any€manner€that€justiceÐ ¼ Ðrequires.óó€€Ð Àh Ѐ€€€òò(2)€€In€Camera€ProceedingsóóÐ l Ðà  à€€€€òòOn€request€of€a€party€or€a€person€from€whom€discovery€isÐ À  Ðsought,€the€court€may€permit€any€showing€of€cause€for€denial€orÐ Äl" Ðrestriction€of€disclosures€to€be€made€in€camera.€€A€record€shallÐ p $ Ðbe€made€of€both€in€court€and€in€camera€proceedings.€€Upon€theÐ "Ä& Ðentry€of€an€order€granting€relief€in€an€in€camera€proceeding,€allÐ È#p!( Ðconfidential€portions€of€the€in€camera€portion€of€the€proceedingÐ t%#* Ðshall€be€sealed,€preserved€in€the€records€of€the€court,€and€madeÐ  'È$, Ðavailable€to€the€appellate€court€in€the€event€of€an€appeal.óóÐ Ì(t&. Ѐ€òò(n)€€SanctionsóóÐ x* (0 Ðà  à€€òòIf€at€any€time€during€the€proceedings€the€court€finds€thatÐ $,Ì)2 Ða€party€has€failed€to€comply€with€this€Rule€or€an€order€Ô_ÔissuedÐ Ð-x+4 Ðpursuant€to€this€Rule,€the€court€may€order€that€party€to€permitÐ X Ðthe€discovery€of€the€matters€not€previously€disclosed,€strike€theÐ ¬ Ðtestimony€to€which€the€undisclosed€matter€relates,€grant€aÐ °X Ðreasonable€continuance,€prohibit€the€party€from€introducing€inÐ \ Ðevidence€the€matter€not€disclosed,€grant€a€mistrial,€or€enter€anyÐ  ° Ðother€order€appropriate€under€the€circumstances.€€The€failure€ofÐ ´ \  Ða€party€to€comply€with€a€discovery€obligation€in€this€Rule€doesÐ `   Ðnot€automatically€disqualify€a€witness€from€testifying.€€If€aÐ  ´  Ðmotion€is€filed€to€disqualify€the€witnessððs€testimony,Ð ¸`  Ðdisqualification€is€within€the€discretion€of€the€court.óóÔ#†X%XXX=¿î#ÔÐ d  ÐÓÓSource:€€ò òThis€Rule€is€derived€as€follows:ó ó€€Ð ¸ Ѐ€ò òSection€(a)€€is€derived€from€former€Rule€741€a€1€and€2.ó ó€€Ð æŽ Ѐ€ò òSection€(b)€is€derived€from€former€Rule€741€b.ó ó€€Ð ¼d Ѐ€ò òSection€(c)€is€derived€from€former€Rule€741€c.ó ó€€Ð ’: Ѐ€ò òSection€(d)€is€derived€in€part€from€former€Rule€741€d€and€is€inÐ h Ðpart€new.ó ó€€Ð >æ Ѐ€ò òSection€(e)€is€derived€from€former€Rule€741€e€1.ó ó€€Ð ¼ Ѐ€ò òSection€(f)€is€derived€from€former€Rule€741€e€2.ó ó€€Ð ê’ Ѐ€ò òSection€(g)€is€derived€from€former€Rule€741€a€3.ó ó€€Ð Àh Ѐ€ò òSection€(h)€is€derived€from€former€Rule€741€f.ó ó€€Ð –> Ѐ€ò òSection€(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)€is€derived€from€former€Rule€741€g.ó óÐ l ÐòòThis€Rule€is€new€and€is€derived€in€part€from€former€Rule€741€andÐ Bê Ðthe€1998€version€of€former€Rule€4„263.óóÐ À  ÐÌ