’WPC¦% į ~®=š}v¾2ģ>[Ųg)nš÷x6"”3®Ū—É9bždŚ2üÆMa=ø*µ"žŹM ›ÜSž:¼nƒßŽ1'‹ÕŽJ „īslćlœ[™^EWēe_+ģ²>~×ŲܛŒ&g½ų\a䖢ß\Ū%ĒĻ~”2©”‡¦·Ā63t9ÓŚ#^XÓmŪ×ĻTNˆ£µš½éÜrŖ©šNhZŌūß2&.ģ’4œ\L‚‚ČõŒCŹįˆNŽ”ėLĮ¦ŅŽ­7ŹŠ«¼|Ų+®ŹdKt\&ß>¦hŖgŠÄr»;ƒ“›Ö(z;•¾eT£Ž”ÖÓÅŅÉRVĄŚlxā™…Į/”)ÆÅž;¶Qōa^›GÅFž„ VĖĒ*źŹ‰(DW `ĪĒ\¤é’O ƒg"#9īJüpS(i…ĀJ"”Źšœ½äµ©pÖ¤ĢEBėŅy^AVžpµŸq>ŽÉķņ ©#YåŽ$„ņJ^) äHłMW“®s«Ø—ŖÖJ‘_č&Ŗ(ĢB ŠŖż:‰hvoÜ׏“€Ÿ…-Ś£3Šål'ŸR.G®Ś,ā“rÜb6ÄS˜¤Ż”“„=…ąA\ŸļZķOØĶ®»Żs@TŲŽ½ØX{µ(e#Į†UNG %• 0k› ^  w 4 * 9 m; bR NZ 0‡\ UR8ć U8 NS bU UF] U6£ UJŁ N# U>% 0Uc 0ćø 0ą› 0Ż{ 0ŚX 0×2 0Ō  0ŃŻ 0Ī® 0C| 0Ńæ 0ΐ 0Ė^ 0Č) 0Åń 0¶ 0æx 0ŗ7 0@ń 0Ī1 0Ė’ 0ČŹ 0Œ 0ĀW 0æ 0¼Ų 0·” 0<K b‡ N b‘ N™ b› N£ —„ N!ÅF! 0ś "b#Å # Ņ#ģ# 0 N$ P$ j$j$j$j$j$j$j$ „$ž$“$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ź$Ęą$˜HP CLJ 5550DN PCL 6ČČČČČČČČ0(ÖĆ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(Cä½$””ÓÓŌ€dŠŁėˆˆŠŌŌUSUS.,Ōܘz8ā {bH8xź:i¢×+003|x\’U‹’ĄĄĄ- ł-(_3B($©©Ż ƒä½!ŻÓÓŌ€ŠĘ;ˆXXŌŌUSUS.,ŌŻ  Ż<õŃ 9Z+ Courier New <õŃ 9Z+‹ Courier New - ł-<4šŪ 9Z+‹.Courier New Regular<ž6X9`(‹Courier New³˜kIA`‹2WP TypographicSymbolsō\  `‹&Times New Roman*+ ’’(_26Ō2ŌŌ3  Ōą..ą*D+J ’’(_25Ó Øż ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤,ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  Ōą..ąÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó*A+J ’’(_24Ó Øż ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ģDœōL¤)ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  Ōą..ąÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó*>+J ’’(_23Ó Øż ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ģDœōL¤&ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  Ōą..ąÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó*;+J ’’(_22Ó Øż ÓÓ ø ÓÓ#””ģDœōL¤#ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  Ōą..ąÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó*8+J ’’(_21Ó Øż ÓÓ  ÓÓ ģģDœōL¤ ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  Ōą..ąÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó*5+J ’’(_20Ó Øż ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœōL¤ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  Ōą..ąÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó*2+J ’’(_19Ó Øż ÓÓ Ą ÓÓœœōL¤ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  Ōą..ąÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó*/+J ’’(_18Ó Øż ÓÓ  ÓÓ ōōL¤ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  Ōą..ąÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó* ’’(_17Ō2ŌŌ3  Ō€*DJ ’’(_16Ó Øż ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤,ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  Ō€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó*AJ ’’(_15Ó Øż ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ģDœōL¤)ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  Ō€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó*>J ’’(_14Ó Øż ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ģDœōL¤&ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  Ō€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó*;J ’’(_13Ó Øż ÓÓ ø ÓÓ#””ģDœōL¤#ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  Ō€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó*8J ’’(_12Ó Øż ÓÓ  ÓÓ ģģDœōL¤ ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  Ō€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó*5J ’’(_11Ó Øż ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœōL¤ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  Ō€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó*2J ’’(_10Ó Øż ÓÓ Ą ÓÓœœōL¤ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  Ō€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó(/J ’’&_9Ó Øż ÓÓ  ÓÓ ōōL¤ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  Ō€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó( ’’&_8Ō2ŌŌ3  Ō(DJ ’’&_7Ó Øż ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤,ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  ŌÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó(AJ ’’&_6Ó Øż ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ģDœōL¤)ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  ŌÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó(>J ’’&_5Ó Øż ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ģDœōL¤&ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  ŌÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó(;J ’’&_4Ó Øż ÓÓ ø ÓÓ#””ģDœōL¤#ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  ŌÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó(8J ’’&_3Ó Øż ÓÓ  ÓÓ ģģDœōL¤ ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  ŌÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó(5J ’’&_2Ó Øż ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœōL¤ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  ŌÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó(2J ’’&_1Ó Øż ÓÓ Ą ÓÓœœōL¤ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  ŌÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó&/J ’’$_Ó Øż ÓÓ  ÓÓ ōōL¤ÓŌ2ŌŌ3  ŌÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤2ÓÓ Øż Ó<’’:Default Para- ł-- ł-- ł- Ż ƒ B()ŻÓÓŌ€ŠĘ;ˆXXŌŌUSUS.,ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌŌ‡dX ˆŠĘ;Ō- ł- »Ż ƒ B()ŻÓÓŌ€ŠĘ;ˆXXŌŌUSUS.,ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌŌ‡dX ˆŠĘ;ŌRule€4„262€„€Showing€changes€from€current€Rule:\d ’’8Body Text 2ŌK‡<ž6X9`(‹Courier NewKŌņ ņÓÓÓÓŌS‡ō\  `‹&Times New RomanSŌó ó- ł- »Ż ƒ B()ŻÓÓŌ€ŠĘ;ˆXXŌŌUSUS.,ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌŌ‡dX ˆŠĘ;ŌRule€4„263€„€Showing€changes€from€current€RuleAPPENDIX CAPPENDIX C(ĶO$——Ō’ŌņņóóŌ’ŌAPPENDIX EAPPENDIX FAPPENDIX GAPPENDIX EAPPENDIX FAPPENDIX G…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Ż ƒä½!ŻÓÓŌ€ŠĘ;ˆXXŌŌUSUS.,ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌŃX°ŃÓÓŌ€XõÜXˆŠĘ;ŌŌ€X=XXXõÜŌŃ  ŃĢĢĢĢŃ€ ŃŃ8€Ę;ŠˆddČ8ŃŌ€X%XXX=ŌĢą@¤¤#ģąMarch€25,€2008ˆŠ Ž. ŠĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąĢĢĢĢą@šš"ģąņņSUPPLEMENT€TO€THEˆŠ ā 2  Šą@Ø Ø ģąONE€HUNDRED€FIFTY„EIGHTH€REPORTˆŠ ø  Šą@„„'ģąOF€THEˆŠ ŽŽ  Šą@˜ ˜ ģąSTANDING€COMMITTEE€ON€RULESˆŠ d“  Šą@ģąOF€PRACTICE€AND€PROCEDUREˆŠ :Š  ŠĢóóĢThe€Honorable€Robert€M.€Bell,Š ¼  Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąChief€JudgeŠ ’ā ŠThe€Honorable€Irma€S.€RakerŠ hø ŠThe€Honorable€Glenn€T.€Ō_ŌHarrellŌ_Ō,€Jr.Š >Ž ŠThe€Honorable€Lynne€A.€Ō_ŌBattagliaŌ_ŌŠ d ŠThe€Honorable€Clayton€Greene,€Jr.Š ź: ŠThe€Honorable€Joseph€F.€Murphy,€Jr.,Š Ą Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąJudgesŠ –ę Šą  ąThe€Court€of€Appeals€of€MarylandŠ l¼ Šą  ąRobert€C.€Murphy€Courts€of€Appeal€BuildingŠ B’ Šą  ąAnnapolis,€Maryland€21401Š h ŠņņĢóóĢYour€Honors:Š šź ŠĢą  ąOn€September€26,€2007,€the€Rules€Committee€submitted€its€OneŠ F –! ŠHundred€Fifty„Eighth€Report€in€which,€among€other€things,€itŠ !l" Šrecommended€changes€to€Rules€4„262,€4„263,€and€4„301,€dealingŠ ņ!B# Šwith€discovery€in€criminal€cases.€€The€changes€to€those€RulesŠ Č"$ Šwere€found€in€Category€3€of€the€158ņņthóó€Report.€Š ž#ī% Šą  ąĢą  ąAt€the€hearing€held€on€that€Report,€on€December€3,€2007,Š J%š ' Šconcerns€were€expressed€by€a€number€of€prosecutors€and€othersŠ  &p!( Šwith€respect€to€certain€aspects€of€the€recommended€changes€toŠ ö&F") ŠRules€4„262€and€4„263,€principally€the€latter.€€Members€of€theŠ Ģ'#* ŠCourt€inquired€whether,€in€formulating€its€recommendations,€theŠ ¢(ņ#+ ŠRules€Committee€had€considered€the€Standards€relating€toŠ x)Č$, Šdiscovery€in€criminal€cases€adopted€by€the€American€BarŠ N*ž%- ŠAssociation€in€1994,€and€the€answer€was€that€those€Standards€hadŠ $+t&. Šnot€been€considered.€€In€light€of€the€controversy€with€respect€toŠ ś+J'/ Šsome€of€the€Committeeššs€proposals,€the€Court€deferred€action€onŠ Š, (0 Šthem.Š ¦-ö(1 ŠĢŠ  R/¢*3 ŠŌ_Ōą  ąIn€an€attempt€to€provide€the€Court€with€more€completeŠ ° Šinformation€and€to€address€the€concerns€expressed€at€the€DecemberŠ †Ö Š3€hearing,€the€Rules€Committee€has€undertaken€a€further€review€ofŠ \¬ Šthe€discovery€process€in€criminal€cases€in€light€of€the€ABAŠ 2‚ ŠStandards,€what€is€ultimately€required€under€both€Federal€andŠ X ŠMaryland€Constitutional€law,€and€how€the€discovery€process€can€beŠ Ž. Šclarified,€made€more€effective,€and€promote€greater€fairness€andŠ “  Šefficiency€in€overall€criminal€procedure.€€Š Š Ś ŠĢą  ąTo€that€end,€the€Committee€obtained€and€considered€both€theŠ 6 †  ŠABA€Standards€and€the€ABA€Commentary€to€them.€€It€had€availableŠ  \  Što€it€the€discovery€rules€applicable€in€Federal€criminal€casesŠ ā 2  Šand€the€rules€adopted€in€other€States,€along€with€relevant€caseŠ ø  Šlaw.€€All€of€the€individuals€and€groups€that€had€indicated€anŠ ŽŽ  Šinterest€in€the€matter€were€invited€to€submit€written€commentsŠ d“  Šregarding€the€ABA€Standards€and€whether,€or€to€what€extent,€thereŠ :Š  Šshould€be€any€departure€from€them.€€Š `  ŠĢą  ąThe€Criminal€Rules€Subcommittee€met,€gave€initialŠ ¼  Šconsideration€to€the€ABA€Standards€and€the€written€comments€thatŠ ’ā Šhad€been€received,€and€made€a€number€of€recommendations€forŠ hø Šchanges€to€Rule€4„263€as€submitted€in€the€158ņņthóó€Report.€€ThereŠ >Ž Šdid€not€appear€to€be€much€controversy€with€respect€to€Rule€4„262Š d Šand€none€at€all€with€respect€to€Rule€4„301.€€The€Rules€CommitteeŠ ź: Šthen€devoted€an€entire€full„day€meeting€on€March€7,€2008,€to€theŠ Ą ŠSubcommitteeššs€recommendations.€€The€meeting€was€well€attended€byŠ –ę Šprosecutors,€defense€counsel,€and€victimsšš€rightsŠ l¼ Šrepresentatives,€all€of€whom€were€afforded€the€opportunity€toŠ B’ Šaddress€the€Committee€with€respect€to€every€aspect€of€the€twoŠ h ŠRules.€€From€those€presentations€and€the€Committeeššs€ownŠ ī> Šdeliberations,€additional€changes€to€the€proposals€submitted€inŠ Ä Šthe€158ņņthóó€Report€were€made.€€Š šź ŠĢą  ąOn€behalf€of€the€Rules€Committee,€I€am€pleased€to€submit€toŠ F –! ŠYour€Honors€this€Supplement€to€the€158ņņthóó€Report,€containing€theŠ !l" ŠRules€Committeeššs€final€recommendations€with€respect€to€Rules€4„Š ņ!B# Š262€and€4„263.€€Because€those€Rules€have€essentially€beenŠ Č"$ Šrewritten,€the€Committeeššs€proposal€is€to€repeal€the€existingŠ ž#ī% ŠRules€and€adopt€in€their€place€the€Rules€proposed€in€thisŠ t$Ä& ŠSupplement.€€As€there€appeared€to€be€no€objection€to€the€proposedŠ J%š ' Šamendment€to€Rule€4„301€as€submitted€in€the€158ņņthóó€Report,€theŠ  &p!( ŠCommittee€recommends€adoption€of€the€amendment€already€before€theŠ ö&F") ŠCourt.€€Attached€to€this€Supplement,€for€the€Courtššs€furtherŠ Ģ'#* Šinformation,€are:Š ¢(ņ#+ ŠĢą  ąą ` ąAppendix€A:€The€ABA€Standards;Š N*ž%- Šą  ąą ` ąAppendix€B:€The€ABA€Commentary€to€those€Standards;Š $+t&. Šą0  ąą0` (#(#ąą0ø ` (#` (#ąą ` ąŌ4‚AŻ ` ŌŻ‚BĶOŻŌ’ŌņņŻ  ŻŌ5  ŌAppendix€CŌ6+ŌŻ‚BĶO?ƒŻóóŌ’ŌŻ  ŻŌ7Ż mŌ:€An€analysis€of€the€extent€to€which€theŠ ś+J'/ ŠRules€Committeeššs€final€recommendations€conform€toŠ Š, (0 Šor€depart€from€the€ABA€Standards€and,€where€thereŠ ¦-ö(1 Šis€a€significant€departure,€why€the€RulesŠ |.Ģ)2 ŠCommittee€chose€that€approach;аø (#ø (# Šą0  ąą0` (#(#ąą0ø ` (#` (#ąą ` ąAppendix€D:€A€copy€of€all€of€the€written€submissionsŠ †Ö Šreceived€by€the€Rules€Committee€regarding€Rules€Š\¬ø (#ø (# Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ą4„262€and€4„263,€since€the€Courtššs€hearing€onŠ 2‚ Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąDecember€3,€2007;€Š X Šą0  ąą0` (#(#ąŌ4‚LŻ ` ŌŻ‚BĶOŻŌ’ŌņņŻ  ŻŌ5  Ōą0ø ` (#` (#ąą ` ąAppendix€EŌ6ĪŌŻ‚BĶOāƒŻóóŌ’ŌŻ  ŻŌ7Ż Ō:€A€list€of€the€areas€in€which€there€mayŠ Ž. Šremain€a€substantial€disagreement€betweenŠ “  Šprosecutors€and€defense€counsel,€or€between€themŠ Š Ś Šand€others.€€As€to€each€such€area€of€dispute,€theŠ ` ° ŠCommittee€has€attempted€to€set€forth€theŠ 6 †  Šrespective€positions€of€the€disputants€and€theŠ  \  ŠRules€Committeeššs€thinking€with€respect€to€theŠ ā 2  Šmatter;€Šø ø (#ø (# Šą0  ąą0` (#(#ąą0ø ` (#` (#ąą ` ąŌ4‚MŻ ` ŌŻ‚BĶOŻŌ’ŌņņŻ  ŻŌ5  ŌAppendix€FŌ6ŠŌŻ‚BĶOäƒŻóóŌ’ŌŻ  ŻŌ7Ż  Ō:€Draft€of€a€provision€that€would€requireŠ ŽŽ  Šbroader€disclosure€of€lay€witnesses€by€theŠ d“  Šdefense.€€This€is€explained€below;€andŠ:Š ø (#ø (# Šą  ąą ` ąŌ4‚NŻ ` ŌŻ‚BĶOŻŌ’ŌņņŻ  ŻŌ5  ŌAppendix€GŌ6Y!ŌŻ‚BĶOm!ƒŻóóŌ’ŌŻ  ŻŌ7Ż ›!Ō:€Marked€copies€of€Rules€4„263€and€4„262,Š `  Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąshowing€changes€from€the€current€Rules€if€theŠ ę6 Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąproposed€revised€versions€of€the€Rules€areŠ ¼  Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąadopted.Š ’ā ŠĢą  ąThere€are€two€additional€points€to€be€made.€€First,€the€ABAŠ >Ž ŠStandards€were€adopted€in€1994€and€are€drafted€as€guidelinesŠ d Šrather€than€Rules.€€It€is€clear€that€a€great€deal€of€thought€wentŠ ź: Šinto€the€development€of€those€Standards€and€that€the€finalŠ Ą Šversion,€to€a€large€extent,€was€the€product€of€compromise€betweenŠ –ę Šthe€views€and€desires€of€prosecutors€and€defense€counsel.€To€theŠ l¼ Šextent€that€the€Standards€embody€Constitutional€requirements,Š B’ Štheir€basic€content€can€be€found€in€the€discovery€rulesŠ h Šthroughout€the€country.€€The€disagreements€arise€from€provisionsŠ ī> Šthat€extend€discovery,€by€either€the€State€or€the€defense,€beyondŠ Ä Šwhat€is€Constitutionally€required,€and,€in€some€of€thoseŠ šź Šrespects,€the€Standards€have€not€been€universally€embraced€atŠ pĄ  Šeither€the€Federal€or€State€level.€€Š F –! ŠĢą  ąAlthough€the€Rules€Committee€has€now€given€consideration€toŠ ņ!B# Šthe€ABA€Standards€and€has€crafted€Rules€4„262€and€4„263€in€closerŠ Č"$ Šharmony€to€them,€its€recommendations€continue€to€depart€from€themŠ ž#ī% Šin€some€respects.€€The€two€most€important€departures€deal€withŠ t$Ä& Šthe€disclosure€of€witnesses€and€witness€statements€notŠ J%š ' ŠConstitutionally€requiredņņóó.€€The€ABA€Standards€would€require€theŠ  &p!( ŠState€to€disclose€the€names€and€written€statements€of€all€personsŠ ö&F") Šhaving€information€regarding€the€offense€charged,€not€just€ofŠ Ģ'#* Špersons€the€State€intends€to€call€as€witnesses,€and€would€requireŠ ¢(ņ#+ Šthe€defense€to€disclose€the€names€and€written€statements€of€allŠ x)Č$, Špersons€the€defense€intends€to€call€as€witnesses.€€The€parallelŠ N*ž%- Šthere€is€not€complete.€€For€the€reasons€set€forth€in€Appendices€CŠ $+t&. Šand€E,€a€majority€of€the€Rules€Committee€continues€to€recommendŠ ś+J'/ Šthat€those€provisions€not€be€adopted.€€Those€issues€will€have€toŠ Š, (0 Šbe€resolved€by€the€Court.€€Because€it€is€such€an€important€issue,Š ¦-ö(1 Šlanguage€that€would€impose€the€disclosure€requirement€on€theŠ |.Ģ)2 Šdefense€has€been€drafted€and€submitted€separately€as€Appendix€F.€Š ° ŠIf€the€Court€wishes€to€adopt€that€provision,€it€easily€can€beŠ †Ö Šadded€to€the€Rules€as€proposed€in€this€Supplement.€€Š \¬ ŠĢą  ąSecond,€one€of€the€principal€objectives€of€the€rewriting€ofŠ X ŠRules€4„262€and€4„263€is€to€bring€greater€clarity€to€what€isŠ Ž. Šrequired,€so€that€disputes€can€be€avoided€and€the€process€canŠ “  Šwork€more€effectively.€€To€that€end,€Rule€4„263€provides€someŠ Š Ś Šcommon€examples€of€information€the€Rules€Committee€believes,Š ` ° Šbased€on€existing€case€law,€would€fall€within€the€ambit€of€š šņņBradyóóŠ 6 †  Šmaterialšš€and€would€need€to€be€disclosed.€€Those€examples€are€notŠ  b  Šintended€to€ņņextendóó€the€scope€of€discovery€but€better€to€ņņdefineóóŠ č 8  Šit.Š Ä  ŠĢĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąRespectfully€submitted,Š F–  ŠĢĢĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąAlan€M.€WilnerŠ tÄ Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąChairŠ Jš ŠĢĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąĢĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąLinda€M.€SchuettŠ xČ Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąCo„ChairŠ Nž ŠĢĢAMW:cdcŠ Š  ŠĢĢĢĢŠ  ž!N# ŠŌ_ŌŃ€ ŃŃ8€õÜXXdģŠˆd8ŃŌ‡X=XXX%Ōą@˜ ˜ ģąMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆŠ ° ŠĢą@ģąTITLE€4€„€CRIMINAL€CAUSESˆŠ \¬ ŠĢą@0 0 ģąCHAPTER€200€„€PRETRIAL€PROCEDURESˆŠ X ŠĢĢą  ąRESCIND€current€Rule€4„262€and€ADD€new€Rule€4„262Ō#†X%XXX=–3#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ō,€asŠ Š Ś ŠĢfollows:Š 6 †  ŠĢĢRule€4„262.€€DISCOVERY€IN€DISTRICT€COURTŠ ø  ŠĢĢÓÓŌ#†X%XXX=ę4#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ō€€(a)€€ApplicabilityŠ :Š  Šą  ą€€This€Rule€governs€discovery€and€inspection€in€the€DistrictŠ ę6 ŠCourt.€€Discovery€is€available€in€the€District€Court€in€actionsŠ ’ā Šthat€are€punishable€by€imprisonment.Š >Ž ŠŌ#†X%XXX=²5#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ō€€(b)€€DefinitionsŠ ź: Šą  ą€€In€this€Rule,€the€following€definitions€apply:Š –ę ŠŌ#†X%XXX=7#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ō€€€€(1)€€GenerallyŠ B’ Šą  ą€€€€The€terms€š šdefense,šš€š šdefense€witness,šš€š šoralŠ ī> Šstatement,šš€and€š šStateššs€witness,šš€have€the€meanings€stated€inŠ šź ŠRule€4„263€(b).Š F –! ŠŌ#†X%XXX=Į7#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%ŌÓÓCross€reference:€€For€the€definition€of€š šStateššs€Attorney,šš€seeŠ ņ!B# ŠRule€4„102€(k).Š Č"$ Š€€Ō#†X%XXX=9#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%ŌŠ ž#ī% ŠÓÓŌ#†X%XXX=å9#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ō€€€€(2)€€Written€StatementŠ t$Ä& Šą  ą€€€€š šWritten€statementšš€of€a€person:Š  &p!( Š€€€€€€(A)€includes€a€statement€in€writing€that€is€made,€signed,Š Ģ'#* Šor€adopted€by€that€person;Š x)Č$, Š€€€€€€(B)€includes€a€statement€contained€in€a€police€orŠ $+t&. Šinvestigative€report;€butŠ Š, (0 Š€€€€€€(C)€does€not€include€attorney€work€product.Š |.Ģ)2 ŠŌ_ŌÓÓCommittee€note:€€The€language€of€Rule€4„263€(b)(5)€is€notŠ ° Šincluded€in€the€definition€of€š šwritten€statementšš€in€Rule€4„262.Š †Ö ŠĢÓӀ€(c)€€Obligations€of€the€PartiesŠ 2‚ Š€€€€(1)€€Due€DiligenceŠ Ž. Šą  ą€€€€The€Stateššs€Attorney€and€defense€shall€exercise€dueŠ Š Ś Šdiligence€to€identify€all€of€the€material€and€information€thatŠ 6 †  Šmust€be€disclosed€under€this€Rule.€€Š ā 2  Š€€€€(2)€€Scope€of€ObligationsŠ ŽŽ  Šą  ą€€€€The€obligations€of€the€Stateššs€Attorney€and€the€defenseŠ :Š  Šextend€to€material€and€information€that€must€be€disclosed€underŠ ę6 Šthis€Rule€and€that€are€in€the€possession€or€control€of€theŠ ’ā Šattorney,€members€of€the€attorneyššs€staff,€or€any€other€personŠ >Ž Šwho€either€reports€regularly€to€the€attorneyššs€office€or€hasŠ ź: Šreported€to€the€attorneyššs€office€in€regard€to€the€particularŠ –ę Šcase.Š B’ ŠÓÓCross€reference:€€For€the€obligations€of€the€Stateššs€Attorney,Š ī> Šsee€ņņState€v.€Williamsóó,€392€Md.€194€(2006).€€Š Ä ŠĢÓӀ€(d)€€Disclosure€by€the€Stateššs€AttorneyŠ vĘ  Š€€€€(1)€€Without€RequestŠ "!r" Šą  ą€€€€Without€the€necessity€of€a€request,€the€Stateššs€AttorneyŠ Ī"$ Šshall€provide€to€the€defense€all€material€or€information€in€anyŠ z$Ź& Šform,€whether€or€not€admissible,€that€tends€to€exculpate€theŠ &&v!( Šdefendant€or€negate€or€mitigate€the€defendantššs€guilt€orŠ Ņ'"#* Špunishment€as€to€the€offense€charged€and€all€material€orŠ ~)Ī$, Šinformation€in€any€form,€whether€or€not€admissible,€that€tends€toŠ *+z&. Šimpeach€a€Stateššs€witness.Š Ö,&(0 ŠÓÓŠ  ‚.Ņ)2 ŠCross€reference:€€See€ņņBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373€U.S.€83€(1963);Š ° ŠņņŌ_ŌKylesŌ_Ō€v.€Whitleyóó,€514€U.S.€419€(1995);€ņņŌ_ŌGiglioŌ_Ō€v.€U.S.óó,€405€U.S.Š ŒÜ Š150€(1972);€ņņU.S.€v.€Ō_ŌAgursŌ_Ōóó,€427€U.S.€97€(1976);€Thomas€v.€State,Š hø Š372€Md.€342€(2002);€ņņGoldsmith€v.€Stateóó,€337€Md.€112€(1995);€andŠ D” ŠņņŌ_ŌLybaŌ_Ō€v.€Stateóó,€321€Md.€564€(1991).Š  p ŠĢÓӀ€€€(2)€€On€RequestŠ Ņ " Šą  ą€€€€On€request€of€the€defense,€the€Stateššs€Attorney€shallŠ ~ Ī Šprovide€to€the€defense:Š * z  ŠŌ#†X%XXX=N:#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ō€€€€€€(A)€€Statements€of€Defendant€and€Co„defendantŠ Ö&  Šą  ą€€€€€€All€written€and€all€oral€statements€of€the€defendantŠ ‚Ņ  Šand€of€any€co„defendant€that€relate€to€the€offense€charged€andŠ .~  Šall€material€and€information,€including€documents€and€recordings,Ō_ŌŠ Ś* Šthat€relate€to€the€acquisition€of€such€statements;Ō#†X%XXX=-G#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%ŌŠ †Ö Š€€€€€€(B)€€Stateššs€WitnessesŠ 2‚ Šą  ą€€€€€€The€name€and,€except€as€provided€under€Code,€CriminalŠ Ž. ŠProcedure€Article,€šš11„205€or€Rule€16„1009€(b),€the€address€ofŠ ŠŚ Šeach€Stateššs€witness€whom€the€Stateššs€Attorney€intends€to€call€toŠ 6† Šprove€the€Stateššs€case€in€chief€or€to€rebut€alibi€testimony,Š ā2 Štogether€with€all€written€statements€of€the€person€that€relate€toŠ ŽŽ  Šthe€offense€charged;Š :!Š" Š€€€€€€(C)€€Searches,€Seizures,€Surveillance,€and€PretrialŠ ę"6$ ŠIdentificationŠ ’$ā& Šą  ą€€€€€€All€relevant€material€or€information€regarding:€Š >&Ž!( Šą  ą€€€(Ō_ŌiŌ_Ō)€specific€searches€and€seizures,€eavesdropping,€orŠ ź':#* Šelectronic€surveillance€including€wiretaps;€and€Š –)ę$, Šą  ą€€€(ii)€pretrial€identification€of€the€defendant€by€aŠ B+’&. ŠStateššs€witness;€Š ī,>(0 Š€€€€€€(D)€€Ō#†X%XXX=żH#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%ŌReports€or€Statements€of€ExpertsŠ š.ź)2 ŠŌ_Ō€€€€€€€€€€€As€to€each€Stateššs€witness€the€Stateššs€AttorneyŠ ° Šintends€to€call€to€testify€as€an€expert€witness€other€than€at€aŠ \¬ Špreliminary€hearing:€Š X Šą  ą€€€(i)€the€expertŌ#†X%XXX=yM#ŌŌ‡XXXX%Ō=Ō#†X%XXXšN#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ōs€name€and€address,€the€subject€matter€onŠ “  Šwhich€the€expert€is€expected€to€testify,€the€substance€of€theŠ d “ Šexpertššs€findings€and€opinions,€and€a€summary€of€the€grounds€forŠ  `  Šeach€opinion;€Š ¼  Šą  ą€€€(ii)€the€opportunity€to€inspect€and€copy€all€writtenŠ hø  Šreports€or€statements€made€in€connection€with€the€action€by€theŠ d  Šexpert,€including€the€results€of€any€physical€or€mentalŠ Ą Šexamination,€scientific€test,€experiment,€or€comparison;€and€Š l¼ Šą  ą€€€(iii)€the€substance€of€any€oral€report€and€conclusion€byŠ h Šthe€expert;Ō#†X%XXX=3O#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%ŌŠ Ä Š€€€€€€(E)€€Evidence€for€Use€at€TrialŠ pĄ Šą  ą€€€€€€The€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photograph€allŠ l Šdocuments,€computer-generated€evidence€as€defined€in€Rule€2-504.3Š Č Š(a),€recordings,€photographs,€or€other€tangible€things€that€theŠ tÄ  ŠStateššs€Attorney€intends€to€use€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial;€and€€Š  !p" Š€€€€€€(F)€€Property€of€the€DefendantŠ Ģ"$ Šą  ą€€€€€€The€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photograph€allŠ x$Č& Šitems€obtained€from€or€belonging€to€the€defendant,€whether€or€notŠ $&t!( Šthe€Stateššs€Attorney€intends€to€use€the€item€at€a€hearing€or€atŠ Š' #* Štrial.€€Š |)Ģ$, Š€€(e)€€Disclosure€by€Defenseņ ņó óŠ (+x&. Šą  ą€€On€request€of€the€Stateššs€Attorney,€the€defense€shallŠ Ō,$(0 Šprovide€to€the€Stateššs€Attorney:Š €.Š)2 ŠŌ#†X%XXX=1R#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ō€€€€(1)€€Reports€or€Statements€of€ExpertsŠ ° Š€€€€€€€€€As€to€each€defense€witness€the€defense€intends€to€callŠ \¬ Što€testify€as€an€expert€witness:€Š X Šą  ą€(A)€the€expertŌ#†X%XXX=EV#ŌŌ‡XXXX%Ō=Ō#†X%XXXjW#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ōs€name€and€address,€the€subject€matter€onŠ “  Šwhich€the€expert€is€expected€to€testify,€the€substance€of€theŠ d “ Šfindings€and€the€opinions€to€which€the€expert€is€expected€toŠ  `  Štestify,€and€a€summary€of€the€grounds€for€each€opinion;€Š ¼  Šą  ą€(B)€the€opportunity€to€inspect€and€copy€all€written€reportsŠ hø  Šmade€in€connection€with€the€action€by€the€expert,€including€theŠ d  Šresults€of€any€physical€or€mental€examination,€scientific€test,Š Ą Šexperiment,€or€comparison;€and€Š l¼ Šą  ą€(C)€the€substance€of€any€oral€report€and€conclusion€by€theŠ h Šexpert;Ō#†X%XXX=­W#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ō€andŠ Ä Š€€€€(2)€€Documents,€Computer„generated€Evidence,€and€Other€ThingsŠ pĄ Šą  ą€€€€The€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photograph€anyŠ l Šdocuments,€computer-generated€evidence€as€defined€in€Rule€2-504.3Š Č Š(a),€recordings,€photographs,€or€other€tangible€things€that€theŠ tÄ  Šdefense€intends€to€use€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial.Š  !p" Š€€(f)€€Person€of€the€DefendantŠ Ģ"$ Š€€€€(1)€€On€RequestŠ x$Č& Šą  ą€€€€On€request€of€the€Stateššs€Attorney€that€includesŠ $&t!( Šreasonable€notice€of€the€time€and€place,€the€defendant€shallŠ Š' #* Šappear€for€the€purpose€of:Š |)Ģ$, Šą  ą€(A)€providing€fingerprints,€photographs,€handwritingŠ (+x&. Šexemplars,€or€voice€exemplars;€Š Ō,$(0 Šą  ą€(B)€appearing,€moving,€or€speaking€for€identification€in€aŠ €.Š)2 Šlineup;€or€Š ° Šą  ą€(C)€trying€on€clothing€or€other€articles.€€Š \¬ Š€€€€(2)€€On€MotionŠ X Šą  ą€€€€On€motion€filed€by€the€Stateššs€Attorney,€with€reasonableŠ “  Šnotice€to€the€defense,€the€court,€for€good€cause€shown,€shallŠ ` ° Šorder€the€defendant€to€appear€and€(A)€permit€the€taking€of€buccalŠ  \  Šsamples,€samples€of€other€materials€of€the€body,€or€specimens€ofŠ ø  Šblood,€urine,€saliva,€breath,€hair,€nails,€or€material€under€theŠ d“  Šnails€or€(B)€submit€to€a€reasonable€physical€or€mentalŠ `  Šexamination.Š ¼  Š€€(g)€€Matters€Not€DiscoverableŠ hø Š€€€€(1)€€By€any€PartyŠ d Šą  ą€€€€Notwithstanding€any€other€provision€of€this€Rule,Š Ą Šneither€the€Stateššs€Attorney€nor€the€defense€is€required€toŠ l¼ Šdisclose€(A)€the€mental€impressions,€trial€strategy,€personalŠ h Šbeliefs,€or€other€privileged€attorney€work€product€or€(B)€anyŠ Ä Šother€material€or€information€if€the€court€finds€that€itsŠ pĄ  Šdisclosure€is€not€constitutionally€required€and€would€entail€aŠ !l" Šsubstantial€risk€of€harm€to€any€person€that€outweighs€theŠ Č"$ Šinterest€in€disclosure.Ō#†X%XXX=¹Z#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%ŌŠ t$Ä& ŠŌ#†X%XXX=.d#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ō€€€€(2)€€By€the€DefenseŠ  &p!( Šą  ą€€€€The€Stateššs€Attorney€is€not€required€to€disclose€theŠ Ģ'#* Šidentity€of€a€confidential€informant€unless€the€Stateššs€AttorneyŠ x)Č$, Šintends€to€call€the€informant€as€a€Stateššs€witness€or€unless€theŠ $+t&. Šfailure€to€disclose€the€informant's€identity€would€infringe€aŠ Š, (0 Šconstitutional€right€of€the€defendant.€Ō#†X%XXX=…d#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%ŌŠ |.Ģ)2 ŠŌ#†X%XXX=xf#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ō€€(h)€€Continuing€Duty€to€DiscloseŠ ° Šą  ą€€Each€party€is€under€a€continuing€obligation€to€produceŠ \¬ Šdiscoverable€material€and€information€to€the€other€side.€€A€partyŠ X Šwho€has€responded€to€a€request€or€order€for€discovery€and€whoŠ “  Šobtains€further€material€information€shall€supplement€theŠ ` ° Šresponse€promptly.Š  \  Š€€(i)€€ProcedureŠ ø  Šą  ą€€The€discovery€and€inspection€required€or€permitted€by€thisŠ d“  ŠRule€shall€be€completed€before€the€hearing€or€trial.€€A€requestŠ `  Šfor€discovery€and€inspection€and€response€need€not€be€in€writingŠ ¼  Šand€need€not€be€filed€with€the€court.€€If€a€request€was€madeŠ hø Šbefore€the€date€of€the€hearing€or€trial€and€the€request€wasŠ d Šrefused€or€denied,€the€court€may€grant€a€delay€or€continuance€inŠ Ą Šthe€hearing€or€trial€to€permit€the€inspection€or€discovery.Š l¼ ŠŌ#†X%XXX=Ļf#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ō€€(j)€€Material€Not€to€be€Filed€with€the€CourtŠ h Šą  ą€€Except€as€otherwise€provided€in€these€Rules€or€by€order€ofŠ Ä Šcourt,€discovery€material€shall€not€be€filed€with€the€court.€€€Š pĄ  ŠThis€section€does€not€preclude€the€use€of€discovery€material€atŠ !l" Štrial€or€as€an€exhibit€to€support€or€oppose€a€motion.Š Č"$ Š€€(k)€€Retention;€Inspection€of€OriginalŠ t$Ä& Šą  ą€€The€party€generating€discovery€material€shall€retain€theŠ  &p!( Šoriginal€until€the€expiration€of€any€sentence€imposed€on€theŠ Ģ'#* Šdefendant€and,€on€request,€shall€make€the€original€available€forŠ x)Č$, Šinspection€and€copying€by€the€other€party.€Ō#†X%XXX=/k#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%ŌŠ $+t&. Š€€(l)€€Protective€OrdersŠ Š, (0 Šą  ą€€On€motion€of€a€party€or€a€person€from€whom€discovery€Ō_ŌisŠ |.Ģ)2 Šsought,€the€court,€for€good€cause€shown,€may€order€that€specifiedŠ ° Šdisclosures€be€denied€or€restricted€in€any€manner€that€justiceŠ \¬ Šrequires.Š X Š€€(m)€€Failure€to€Comply€with€Discovery€ObligationŠ “  Šą  ą€€The€failure€of€a€party€to€comply€with€a€discoveryŠ ` ° Šobligation€in€this€Rule€does€not€automatically€disqualify€aŠ  \  Šwitness€from€testifying.€€If€a€motion€is€filed€to€disqualify€theŠ ø  Šwitnessššs€Ō_ŌtestimonyŌ#†X%XXX=ln#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ō,Ō_Ō€disqualification€is€within€the€discretion€ofŠ d“  Šthe€Ō_Ōcourt.Ō#†X%XXX=‡q#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%ŌŌ_ŌŠ `  ŠŌ_ŌŌ#†X%XXX=6r#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%ŌŌ_ŌĢSource:€€This€Rule€is€new.Š hø ŠÓÓĢŌ#†X%XXX=­r#ŌŠ  ź: ŠŌ_ŌŃ€3ŃŌ‡X=XXX%Ōą@˜ ˜ ģąMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆŠ ° ŠĢą@ģąTITLE€4€„€CRIMINAL€CAUSESˆŠ \¬ ŠĢą@0 0 ģąCHAPTER€200€„€PRETRIAL€PROCEDURESˆŠ X ŠĢĢą  ąRESCIND€current€Rule€4„263€and€ADD€new€Rule€4„263,€asŠ Š Ś ŠĢfollows:Š 6 †  ŠĢĢRule€4-263.€€DISCOVERY€IN€CIRCUIT€COURT€Š ø  ŠĢĢÓӀ€(a)€€ApplicabilityŠ :Š  Šą  ą€€This€Rule€governs€discovery€and€inspection€in€a€circuitŠ ę6 Šcourt.Š ’ā Š€€(b)€€DefinitionsŠ >Ž Šą  ą€€In€this€Rule,€the€following€definitions€apply:Š ź: Š€€€€(1)€€DefenseŠ –ę Šą  ą€€€€š šDefensešš€means€an€attorney€for€the€defendant€or€aŠ B’ Šdefendant€who€is€acting€without€an€attorney.Š ī> Š€€€€(2)€€Defense€WitnessŠ šź Šą  ą€€€€š šDefense€witnessšš€means€a€witness€whom€the€defenseŠ F –! Šintends€to€call€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial.Š ņ!B# Š€€€€(3)€€Oral€StatementŠ ž#ī% Šą  ą€€€š šOral€statementšš€of€a€person€means€the€substance€of€aŠ J%š ' Šstatement€of€any€kind€by€that€person,€whether€or€not€reflected€inŠ ö&F") Šan€existing€writing€or€recording.Š ¢(ņ#+ Š€€€€(4)€€Stateššs€WitnessŠ N*ž%- Šą  ą€€€€š šStateššs€witnessšš€means€a€witness€whom€the€StateššsŠ ś+J'/ ŠAttorney€intends€to€call€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial.Š ¦-ö(1 ŠŌ_ŌÓÓCross€reference:€€For€the€definition€of€š šStateššs€Attorney,šš€seeŠ ° ŠRule€4„102€(k).Š †Ö ŠĢÓӀ€€€(5)€€Written€StatementŠ 2‚ Šą  ą€€€€š šWritten€statementšš€of€a€person:Š Ž. Š€€€€€€(A)€includes€a€statement€in€writing€that€is€made,€signed,Š Š Ś Šor€adopted€by€that€person;Š 6 †  Š€€€€€€(B)€includes€the€substance€of€a€statement€of€any€kind€madeŠ ā 2  Šby€that€person€that€is€embodied€or€summarized€in€a€writing€orŠ ŽŽ  Šrecording,€whether€or€not€signed€or€adopted€by€the€person;Š :Š  Šą  ą€(C)€includes€a€statement€contained€in€a€police€orŠ ę6 Šinvestigative€report;€but€Š ’ā Šą  ą€(D)€does€not€include€attorney€work€product.Š >Ž Š€€(c)€€Obligations€of€the€PartiesŠ ź: Š€€€€(1)€€Due€DiligenceŠ –ę Šą  ą€€€€The€Stateššs€Attorney€and€defense€shall€exercise€dueŠ B’ Šdiligence€to€identify€all€of€the€material€and€information€thatŠ ī> Šmust€be€disclosed€under€this€Rule.€€Š šź Š€€€€(2)€€Scope€of€ObligationsŠ F –! Šą  ą€€€€The€obligations€of€the€Stateššs€Attorney€and€the€defenseŠ ņ!B# Šextend€to€material€and€information€that€must€be€disclosed€underŠ ž#ī% Šthis€Rule€and€that€are€in€the€possession€or€control€of€theŠ J%š ' Šattorney,€members€of€the€attorneyššs€staff,€or€any€other€personŠ ö&F") Šwho€either€reports€regularly€to€the€attorneyššs€office€or€hasŠ ¢(ņ#+ Šreported€to€the€attorneyššs€office€in€regard€to€the€particularŠ N*ž%- Šcase.Š ś+J'/ ŠÓÓCross€reference:€€For€the€obligations€of€the€Stateššs€Attorney,Š ¦-ö(1 Šsee€ņņState€v.€Williamsóó,€392€Md.€194€(2006).€€Š |.Ģ)2 ЇÓӀ€(d)€€Disclosure€by€the€Stateššs€AttorneyŠ ° Šą  ą€€Without€the€necessity€of€a€request,€the€Stateššs€AttorneyŠ \¬ Šshall€provide€to€the€defense:Ō#†X%XXX=vs#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%ŌŠ X Š€€€€(1)€€StatementsŠ “  Šą  ą€€€€All€written€and€all€oral€statements€of€the€defendant€andŠ ` ° Šof€any€co„defendant€that€relate€to€the€offense€charged€and€allŠ  \  Šmaterial€and€information,€including€documents€and€recordings,Ō_ŌŠ ø  Šthat€relate€to€the€acquisition€of€such€statements;Š d“  Š€€€€(2)€€Criminal€RecordŠ `  Šą  ą€€€€Prior€criminal€convictions,€pending€charges,€andŠ ¼  Šprobationary€status€of€the€defendant€and€of€any€co„defendant;Š hø Š€€€€(3)€€Stateššs€WitnessesŠ d Šą  ą€€€€The€name€and,€except€as€provided€under€Code,€CriminalŠ Ą ŠProcedure€Article,€Ō_ŌŌ#†X%XXX=m‚#ŌŌ‡XXXX%Ō'Ō#†X%XXXČ…#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ō11„Ō_Ō205€or€Rule€16„1009€(b),€the€address€ofŠ l¼ Šeach€Stateššs€witness€whom€the€Stateššs€Attorney€intends€to€call€toŠ l Šprove€the€Stateššs€case€in€chief€or€to€rebut€alibi€testimony,Š Č Štogether€with€all€written€statements€of€the€person€that€relate€toŠ tÄ  Šthe€offense€charged;Š  !p" Š€€€€(4)€€Prior€Ō_ŌConductŌ#†X%XXX= †#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%ŌŌ_ŌŠ Ģ"$ Šą  ą€€€€All€evidence€of€other€crimes,€wrongs,€or€acts€committedŠ x$Č& Šby€the€defendant€that€the€Stateššs€Attorney€intends€to€offer€at€aŠ $&t!( Šhearing€or€at€trial€pursuant€to€Rule€5„404€(b);Š Š' #* Š€€€€(5)€€Exculpatory€InformationŠ |)Ģ$, Šą  ą€€€€All€material€or€information€in€any€form,€whether€or€notŠ (+x&. Šadmissible,€that€tends€to€exculpate€the€defendant€or€negate€orŠ Ō,$(0 Šmitigate€the€defendantššs€guilt€or€punishment€as€to€the€offenseŠ €.Š)2 ŠŌ_Ōcharged;Š ° Š€€€€(6)€€Impeachment€InformationŠ \¬ Šą  ą€€€€All€material€or€information€in€any€form,€whether€or€notŠ X Šadmissible,€that€tends€to€impeach€a€Stateššs€witness,€including:€Š “  Šą  ą€(A)€evidence€of€prior€conduct€to€show€the€character€of€theŠ ` ° Šwitness€for€untruthfulness€pursuant€to€Rule€5„608€(b);€Ō#†X%XXX=ń‡#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%ŌŠ  \  Š€€€€€€(B)€a€relationship€between€the€Stateššs€Attorney€and€theŠ ø  Šwitness,€including€the€nature€and€circumstances€of€any€agreement,Š d“  Šunderstanding,€or€representation€that€may€constitute€anŠ `  Šinducement€for€the€cooperation€or€testimony€of€the€witness;€Š ¼  Šņ ņó 󀀀€€€(C)€prior€criminal€convictions,€pending€charges,€orŠ hø Šprobationary€status€that€may€be€used€to€impeach€the€witness,€butŠ d Šthe€Stateššs€Attorney€is€not€required€to€investigate€the€criminalŠ Ą Šrecord€of€the€witness€unless€the€Stateššs€Attorney€knows€or€hasŠ l¼ Šreason€to€believe€that€the€witness€has€a€criminal€record;€Š h Š€€€€€€(D)€an€oral€statement€of€the€witness,€not€otherwiseŠ Ä Šmemorialized,€that€is€materially€inconsistent€with€anotherŠ pĄ  Šstatement€made€by€the€witness€or€with€a€statement€made€by€anotherŠ !l" Šwitness;Š Č"$ Šą  ą€(E)€a€medical€or€psychiatric€condition€or€addiction€of€theŠ t$Ä& Šwitness€that€may€impair€the€witnessššs€ability€to€testifyŠ  &p!( Štruthfully€or€accurately,€but€the€Stateššs€Attorney€is€notŠ Ģ'#* Šrequired€to€inquire€into€a€witnessššs€medical,€psychiatric,€orŠ x)Č$, Šaddiction€history€or€status€unless€the€Stateššs€Attorney€hasŠ $+t&. Šinformation€that€reasonably€would€lead€to€a€belief€that€anŠ Š, (0 Šinquiry€would€result€in€discovering€a€condition€that€may€impairŠ |.Ģ)2 Šthe€witnessššs€ability€to€testify€truthfully€or€accurately;Š ° Šą  ą€(F)€the€fact€that€the€witness€has€taken€but€did€not€pass€aŠ \¬ Špolygraph€examination;€andŠ X Šą  ą€(G)€the€failure€of€the€witness€to€identify€the€defendant€orŠ “  Ša€co„defendant;Š ` ° ŠÓÓCross€reference:€€See€ņņBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373€U.S.€83€(1963);Š  \  ŠņņKyles€v.€Whitleyóó,€514€U.S.€419€(1995);€ņņGiglio€v.€U.S.óó,€405€U.S.Š č 8  Š150€(1972);€ņņU.S.€v.€Agursóó,€427€U.S.€97€(1976);€Thomas€v.€State,Š Ä  Š372€Md.€342€(2002);€ņņGoldsmith€v.€Stateóó,€337€Md.€112€(1995);€andŠ  š  ŠņņLyba€v.€Stateóó,€321€Md.€564€(1991).Š |Ģ  ŠĢÓӀ€€€(7)€€Searches,€Seizures,€Surveillance,€and€PretrialŠ .~  ŠIdentificationŠ Ś* Šą  ą€€€€All€relevant€material€or€information€regarding:€Š †Ö Šą  ą€(A)€specific€searches€and€seizures,€eavesdropping,€andŠ 2‚ Šelectronic€surveillance€including€wiretaps;€and€Š Ž. Šą  ą€(B)€pretrial€identification€of€the€defendant€by€a€StateššsŠ ŠŚ Šwitness;€Š 6† Š€€€€(8)€€Reports€or€Statements€of€ExpertsŠ ā2 Šą  ą€€€€As€to€each€expert€consulted€by€the€Stateššs€Attorney€inŠ ŽŽ  Šconnection€with€the€action:€Š :!Š" Šą  ą€(A)€the€expertššs€name€and€address,€the€subject€matter€ofŠ ę"6$ Šthe€consultation,€the€substance€of€the€expertššs€findings€andŠ ’$ā& Šopinions,€and€a€summary€of€the€grounds€for€each€opinion;€Š >&Ž!( Šą  ą€(B)€the€opportunity€to€inspect€and€copy€all€written€reportsŠ ź':#* Šor€statements€made€in€connection€with€the€action€by€the€expert,Š –)ę$, Šincluding€the€results€of€any€physical€or€mental€examination,Š B+’&. Šscientific€test,€experiment,€or€comparison;€and€Š ī,>(0 Šą  ą€(C)€the€substance€of€any€oral€report€and€conclusion€by€theŠ š.ź)2 Šexpert;€€Š ° Š€€€€(9)€€Evidence€for€Use€at€TrialŠ \¬ Šą  ą€€€€The€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photograph€allŠ X Šdocuments,€computer-generated€evidence€as€defined€in€Rule€2-504.3Š “  Š(a),€recordings,€photographs,€or€other€tangible€things€that€theŠ ` ° ŠStateššs€Attorney€intends€to€use€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial;€and€€Š  \  Š€€€€(10)€€Property€of€the€DefendantŠ ø  Šą  ą€€€€€The€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photograph€allŠ d“  Šitems€obtained€from€or€belonging€to€the€defendant,€whether€or€notŠ `  Šthe€Stateššs€Attorney€intends€to€use€the€item€at€a€hearing€or€atŠ ¼  Štrial.€€Š hø ŠŌ#†X%XXX=3Œ#ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ō€€(e)€€Disclosure€by€DefenseŠ d Šą  ą€€Without€the€necessity€of€a€request,€the€defense€shallŠ Ą Šprovide€to€the€Stateššs€Attorney:Š l¼ Š€€€€(1)€€Reports€or€Statements€of€ExpertsŠ h Š€€€€€€€€€As€to€each€defense€witness€the€defense€intends€to€callŠ Ä Što€testify€as€an€expert€witness:€Š pĄ  Šą  ą€(A)€the€expertŌ#†X%XXX=Rž#ŌŌ‡XXXX%Ō=Ō#†X%XXX8 #ŌŌ‡X=XXX%Ōs€name€and€address,€the€subject€matter€onŠ !l" Šwhich€the€expert€is€expected€to€testify,€the€substance€of€theŠ Ģ"$ Šfindings€and€the€opinions€to€which€the€expert€is€expected€toŠ x$Č& Štestify,€and€a€summary€of€the€grounds€for€each€opinion;€Š $&t!( Šą  ą€(B)€the€opportunity€to€inspect€and€copy€all€written€reportsŠ Š' #* Šmade€in€connection€with€the€action€by€the€expert,€including€theŠ |)Ģ$, Šresults€of€any€physical€or€mental€examination,€scientific€test,Š (+x&. Šexperiment,€or€comparison;€and€Š Ō,$(0 Šą  ą€(C)€the€substance€of€any€oral€report€and€conclusion€by€theŠ €.Š)2 Šexpert;Š ° Š€€€(2)€€Character€WitnessesŠ \¬ Š€€€€€€€€As€to€each€defense€witness€the€defense€intends€to€call€toŠ X Štestify€as€to€the€defendantššs€veracity€or€other€relevantŠ “  Šcharacter€trait,€the€name€and,€except€when€the€witness€declinesŠ ` ° Špermission,€the€address€of€that€witness;Š  \  Š€€€(3)€€Alibi€WitnessesŠ ø  Šą  ą€€€If€the€Stateššs€Attorney€has€designated€the€time,€place,Š d“  Šand€date€of€the€alleged€offense,€the€name€and,€except€when€theŠ `  Šwitness€declines€permission,€the€address€of€each€person€otherŠ ¼  Šthan€the€defendant€whom€the€defense€intends€to€call€as€a€witnessŠ hø Što€show€that€the€defendant€was€not€present€at€the€time,€place,€orŠ d Šdate€designated€by€the€Stateššs€Attorney;Š Ą Š€€€€(4)€€Insanity€DefenseŠ l¼ Š€€ą  ą€€€€Notice€of€any€intention€to€rely€on€a€defense€of€notŠ h Šcriminally€responsible€by€reason€of€insanity,€and€the€name€and,Š Ä Šexcept€when€the€witness€declines€permission,€the€address€of€eachŠ pĄ  Šdefense€witness€other€than€the€defendant€in€support€of€thatŠ !l" Šdefense;€andŠ Č"$ ŠÓÓCommittee€note:€The€address€of€an€expert€witness€must€beŠ t$Ä& Šprovided.€€See€subsection€(e)(1)(A)€of€this€Rule.Š J%š ' ŠĢÓӀ€€€(5)€€Documents,€Computer„generated€Evidence,€and€Other€ThingsŠ ö&F") Šą  ą€€€€The€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photograph€anyŠ ¢(ņ#+ Šdocuments,€computer-generated€evidence€as€defined€in€Rule€2-504.3Š N*ž%- Š(a),€recordings,€photographs,€or€other€tangible€things€that€theŠ ś+J'/ Šdefense€intends€to€use€at€a€hearing€or€at€trial.Š ¦-ö(1 Š€€(f)€€Person€of€the€DefendantŠ ° Š€€€€(1)€€On€RequestŠ \¬ Šą  ą€€€€On€request€of€the€Stateššs€Attorney€that€includesŠ X Šreasonable€notice€of€the€time€and€place,€the€defendant€shallŠ “  Šappear€for€the€purpose€of:Š ` ° Šą  ą€(A)€providing€fingerprints,€photographs,€handwritingŠ  \  Šexemplars,€or€voice€exemplars;€Š ø  Šą  ą€(B)€appearing,€moving,€or€speaking€for€identification€in€aŠ d“  Šlineup;€or€Š `  Šą  ą€(C)€trying€on€clothing€or€other€articles.€€Š ¼  Š€€€€(2)€€On€MotionŠ hø Šą  ą€€€€On€motion€filed€by€the€Stateššs€Attorney,€with€reasonableŠ d Šnotice€to€the€defense,€the€court,€for€good€cause€shown,€shallŠ Ą Šorder€the€defendant€to€appear€and€(A)€permit€the€taking€of€buccalŠ l¼ Šsamples,€samples€of€other€materials€of€the€body,€or€specimens€ofŠ h Šblood,€urine,€saliva,€breath,€hair,€nails,€or€material€under€theŠ Ä Šnails€or€(B)€submit€to€a€reasonable€physical€or€mentalŠ pĄ  Šexamination.Š !l" Š€€(g)€€Matters€Not€Discoverableņ ņó óŠ Č"$ Š€€€€(1)€€By€any€PartyŠ t$Ä& Šą  ą€€€€Notwithstanding€any€other€provision€of€this€Rule,Š  &p!( Šneither€the€Stateššs€Attorney€nor€the€defense€is€required€toŠ Ģ'#* Šdisclose€(A)€the€mental€impressions,€trial€strategy,€personalŠ x)Č$, Šbeliefs,€or€other€privileged€attorney€work€product€or€(B)€anyŠ $+t&. Šother€material€or€information€if€the€court€finds€that€itsŠ Š, (0 Šdisclosure€is€not€constitutionally€required€and€would€entail€aŠ |.Ģ)2 Šsubstantial€risk€of€harm€to€any€person€that€outweighs€theŠ ° Šinterest€in€disclosure.Š \¬ Š€€€€(2)€€By€the€DefenseŠ X Šą  ą€€€€The€Stateššs€Attorney€is€not€required€to€disclose€theŠ “  Šidentity€of€a€confidential€informant€unless€the€Stateššs€AttorneyŠ ` ° Šintends€to€call€the€informant€as€a€Stateššs€witness€or€unless€theŠ  \  Šfailure€to€disclose€the€informant's€identity€would€infringe€aŠ ø  Šconstitutional€right€of€the€defendant.€Š d“  Š€€(h)€€Time€for€DiscoveryŠ `  Š€€€€€€€Unless€the€court€orders€otherwise:€Š ¼  Š€€€€(1)€the€State's€Attorney€shall€make€disclosure€pursuant€toŠ hø Šsection€(d)€of€this€Rule€within€30€days€after€the€earlier€of€theŠ d Šappearance€of€counsel€or€the€first€appearance€of€the€defendantŠ Ą Šbefore€the€court€pursuant€to€Rule€4-213,€and€Š l¼ Š€€€€(2)€the€defense€shall€make€disclosure€pursuant€to€section€(e)Š h Šof€this€Rule€no€later€than€30€days€before€the€first€scheduledŠ Ä Štrial€date.Š pĄ  Š€€(i)€€Motion€to€Compel€DiscoveryŠ !l" Š€€€€(1)€€TimeŠ Č"$ Šą  ą€€€€A€motion€to€compel€discovery€based€on€the€failure€toŠ t$Ä& Šprovide€discovery€within€the€time€required€by€section€(h)€of€thisŠ  &p!( ŠRule€shall€be€filed€within€ten€days€after€the€date€the€discoveryŠ Ģ'#* Šwas€due.€€A€motion€to€compel€based€on€inadequate€discovery€shallŠ x)Č$, Šbe€filed€within€ten€days€after€the€date€the€discovery€wasŠ $+t&. Šreceived.Š Š, (0 Š€€€€(2)€€ContentŠ |.Ģ)2 Šą  ą€€€€A€motion€shall€specifically€describe€the€information€orŠ ° Šmaterial€that€has€not€been€provided.€€Š \¬ Š€€€€(3)€€ResponseŠ X Šą  ą€€€€A€response€may€be€filed€within€five€days€after€serviceŠ “  Šof€the€motion.€€Š ` ° Š€€€€(4)€€CertificateŠ  \  Šą  ą€€€€The€court€need€not€consider€any€motion€to€compelŠ ø  Šdiscovery€unless€the€moving€party€has€filed€a€certificateŠ d“  Šdescribing€good€faith€attempts€to€discuss€with€the€opposing€partyŠ `  Šthe€resolution€of€the€dispute€and€certifying€that€they€are€unableŠ ¼  Što€reach€agreement€on€the€disputed€issues.€€The€certificate€shallŠ hø Šinclude€the€date,€time,€and€circumstances€of€each€discussion€orŠ d Šattempted€discussion.€€Š Ą Š€€(j)€€Continuing€Duty€to€DiscloseŠ l¼ Šą  ą€€Each€party€is€under€a€continuing€obligation€to€produceŠ h Šdiscoverable€material€and€information€to€the€other€side.€€A€partyŠ Ä Šwho€has€responded€to€a€request€or€order€for€discovery€and€whoŠ pĄ  Šobtains€further€material€information€shall€supplement€theŠ !l" Šresponse€promptly.€€Š Č"$ Š€€(k)€€Manner€of€Providing€Discovery;€Material€Not€to€be€FiledŠ t$Ä& Šwith€CourtŠ  &p!( Š€€€€(1)€€By€AgreementŠ Ģ'#* Šą  ą€€€€Discovery€may€be€accomplished€in€any€manner€mutuallyŠ x)Č$, Šagreeable€to€the€parties.€€The€parties€shall€file€with€the€courtŠ $+t&. Ša€statement€of€their€agreement.ą  ą€€€€Š Š, (0 Š€€€€(2)€€If€No€AgreementŠ |.Ģ)2 Šą  ą€€€€In€the€absence€of€an€agreement,€the€party€generating€theŠ ° Šdiscovery€material€shall€(A)€serve€the€discovery€material€on€theŠ \¬ Šother€party€and€(B)€promptly€file€with€the€court€a€notice€thatŠ X Š(i)€reasonably€identifies€the€information€provided€and€(ii)Š “  Šstates€the€date€and€manner€of€service.€€On€request,€the€partyŠ ` ° Šgenerating€the€discovery€material€shall€make€the€originalŠ  \  Šavailable€for€inspection€and€copying€by€the€other€party.Š ø  Š€€€€(3)€€Not€to€be€Filed€with€the€CourtŠ d“  Šą  ą€€€€Except€as€otherwise€provided€in€these€Rules€or€by€orderŠ `  Šof€court,€discovery€material€shall€not€be€filed€with€the€court.€€€Š ¼  ŠThis€section€does€not€preclude€the€use€of€discovery€material€atŠ hø Štrial€or€as€an€exhibit€to€support€or€oppose€a€motion.Š d Š€€(l)€€RetentionŠ Ą Šą  ą€€The€party€generating€discovery€material€shall€retain€theŠ l¼ Šoriginal€until€the€earlier€of€the€expiration€of€(i)€any€sentenceŠ h Šimposed€on€the€defendant€or€(ii)€the€retention€period€that€theŠ Ä Šmaterial€would€have€been€retained€under€the€applicable€recordsŠ pĄ  Šretention€and€disposal€schedule€had€the€material€been€filed€withŠ !l" Šthe€court.€Š Č"$ Š€€(m)€€Protective€OrdersŠ t$Ä& Š€€€€(1)€€GenerallyŠ  &p!( Šą  ą€€€€On€motion€of€a€party€or€a€person€from€whom€discovery€isŠ Ģ'#* Šsought,€the€court,€for€good€cause€shown,€may€order€that€specifiedŠ x)Č$, Šdisclosures€be€denied€or€restricted€in€any€manner€that€justiceŠ $+t&. Šrequires.€€Š Š, (0 ŠŌ_ŌŠ  |.Ģ)2 Š€€€€(2)€€In€Camera€ProceedingsŠ ° Šą  ą€€€€On€request€of€a€party€or€a€person€from€whom€discovery€isŠ \¬ Šsought,€the€court€may€permit€any€showing€of€cause€for€denial€orŠ X Šrestriction€of€disclosures€to€be€made€in€camera.€€A€record€shallŠ “  Šbe€made€of€both€in€court€and€in€camera€proceedings.€€Upon€theŠ ` ° Šentry€of€an€order€granting€relief€in€an€in€camera€proceeding,€allŠ  \  Šconfidential€portions€of€the€in€camera€portion€of€the€proceedingŠ ø  Šshall€be€sealed,€preserved€in€the€records€of€the€court,€and€madeŠ d“  Šavailable€to€the€appellate€court€in€the€event€of€an€appeal.Š `  Š€€(n)€€SanctionsŠ ¼  Šą  ą€€If€at€any€time€during€the€proceedings€the€court€finds€thatŠ hø Ša€party€has€failed€to€comply€with€this€Rule€or€an€order€issuedŠ d Špursuant€to€this€Rule,€the€court€may€order€that€party€to€permitŠ Ą Šthe€discovery€of€the€matters€not€previously€disclosed,€strike€theŠ l¼ Štestimony€to€which€the€undisclosed€matter€relates,€grant€aŠ h Šreasonable€continuance,€prohibit€the€party€from€introducing€inŠ Ä Ševidence€the€matter€not€disclosed,€grant€a€mistrial,€or€enter€anyŠ pĄ  Šother€order€appropriate€under€the€circumstances.€€The€failure€ofŠ !l" Ša€party€to€comply€with€a€discovery€obligation€in€this€Rule€doesŠ Č"$ Šnot€automatically€disqualify€a€witness€from€testifying.€€If€aŠ t$Ä& Šmotion€is€filed€to€disqualify€the€witnessššs€testimony,Š  &p!( Šdisqualification€is€within€the€discretion€of€the€court.Š Ģ'#* ŠÓÓSource:€€This€Rule€is€new€and€is€derived€in€part€from€former€RuleŠ x)Č$, Š741€and€the€1998€version€of€former€Rule€4„263.Š N*ž%- ŠĢĢŌ#†X%XXX={ #Ōą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ąą p ąą Č ąą  ąŠ  Š, (0 ŠŌ‡X=XXX%Ōņ ņŃ€53ŃŃ8€Ę;ŠˆdXXdģ8ŃŃ  Ńą@””%ģąŌ% €@ ŌņņAPPENDIX€CóóˆŠ ° Šą@””%ģąņņCOMPARISONˆŠ ”ä Šą@@ @ ģąPROPOSED€RULE€4„263€AND€ABA€STANDARDSóóˆŠ xČ Šó óĢĢņņRule€4„263€(a):€€ApplicabilityŠ  X Šą  ąą ` ąņ ņóóRule€4„263€(a)ņņó óóó€states€the€applicability€of€the€Rule€toŠ Ž . Šdiscovery€in€the€circuit€courts.€€ABA€Standard€11„1.2€recognizesŠ Ā  Šthat€discovery€procedures€may€be€more€limited€in€cases€involvingŠ ˜ č Šminor€offenses€than€those€recommended€in€the€ABA€Standards.€€ThatŠ n ¾  Šis€why€two€separate€Rules€now€exist€and€are€recommended€toŠ D ”  Šcontinue€to€exist:€Rule€4„262€dealing€with€discovery€in€theŠ j  ŠDistrict€Court€and€Rule€4„263,€applicable€to€cases€in€the€circuitŠ š@  Šcourts.Š Ę  ŠĢņņRule€4„263€(b):€€DefinitionsŠ rĀ  Šą  ąą ` ąņ ņóóRule€4„263€(b)ó ó€contains€five€definitions:€defense,Š H˜  Šdefense€witness,€oral€statement,€Stateššs€witness,€and€writtenŠ ,| Šstatement.€€There€is€no€ABA€Standard€defining€defense,€defenseŠ R Šwitness,€or€Stateššs€witness.€€Those€terms€are€defined€simply€toŠ Ų( Šavoid€repeating€the€substance€of€the€definition€throughout€theŠ ®ž ŠRule.€€The€definition€of€š šoral€statementšš€is€consistent€with€ABAŠ „Ō ŠStandard€11„1.3(b).€€The€definition€of€š šwritten€statementšš€isŠ ZŖ Šconsistent€with€ABA€Standard€11„1.3(a).€Š 0€ ŠŠ  V ŠŌ_Ōą  ąThe€definition€of€š šwritten€statementšš€constitutes€anŠ ° Šexpansion€over€the€previous€ABA€conception€of€a€written€statementŠ †Ö Šand€has€significance€in€terms€of€witness€statements€that€must€beŠ \¬ Šdisclosed.€€The€text€of€the€definition€of€š šwritten€statement,šš€inŠ 2‚ Šboth€proposed€Rule€4„263€(b)(5)€and€ABA€Standard€11„1.3(a),Š X Šincludes€the€š šsubstance€of€a€statement€of€any€kind€made€by€[a]Š Ž. Šperson€that€is€embodied€or€summarized€in€any€writing€orŠ “  Šrecording,€whether€or€not€signed€or€adopted€by€that€person.šš€Š Š Ś ŠBoth€provisions€state€that€the€term€is€intended€to€includeŠ ` ° Šstatements€contained€in€š špolice€or€investigativešš€reports€butŠ 6 †  Šdoes€not€include€š šattorney€work€product.šš€€The€ABA€CommentaryŠ  \  Šnotes€that€the€term€includes€š šdocuments,€such€as€transcripts,Š ā 2  Šwhich€memorialize€the€statements€of€a€person,€as€well€as€anyŠ ø  Šššrecordingšš€of€a€statement,€whether€by€videotape,€audiotape,€orŠ ŽŽ  Šother€meansšš€but€includes€as€well€writings€which€š šembody€theŠ d“  Šššsubstancešš€of€a€statement.šš€€In€that€regard,€the€CommentaryŠ :Š  Šmakes€clear€that€š šthe€standard€goes€beyond€simply€word„for„wordŠ `  Šrecords€of€the€personššs€oral€statements€[and]€would€include,€forŠ ę6 Šexample,€an€investigatorššs€notes€of€an€interview€of€a€person€notŠ ¼  Šsigned€or€adopted€by€that€person.šš€Š ’ā ŠĢņņRule€4„263€(c):€€Obligations€of€the€PartiesóóŠ >Ž Šą  ąą ` ąņ ņRule€4„263€(c)(1)ó ó€requires€the€parties€š!š€prosecutionŠ d Šand€defense€š!š€to€exercise€due€diligence€to€identify€all€materialŠ ųH Šand€information€that€must€be€disclosed€under€the€Rule.€Š Ī Šņ ņSubsection€(c)(2)ó ó€makes€clear€that€the€obligation€to€discloseŠ ¤ō Šextends€to€material€and€information€in€the€possession€and€controlŠ ˆŲ Šof€the€members€of€the€attorneyššs€staff€and€of€others€whoŠ ^® Šregularly€report€to€or,€with€reference€to€the€particular€case,Š 4„ Šhave€reported€to€the€attorneyššs€office.€€This€is€the€currentŠ  Z ŠMaryland€law.Š ą0 Šą  ąRule€4„263€(c)(2)€mirrors€the€language€of€ABA€Standard€11„Š ¶ Š4.3(a).€€Subsection€(c)(1)€is€generally€consistent€with€StandardŠ ŒÜ  Š11„4.3(b)€and€(c)€but€is€stated€in€somewhat€broader€terms.€Š b ²! ŠStandard€11„4.3(b)€requires€the€ņņprosecutoróó€to€make€reasonableŠ 8!ˆ" Šefforts€to€ensure€that€information€relevant€to€the€defendant€andŠ "d# Šthe€offense€is€provided€to€the€prosecutor€by€investigativeŠ ź":$ Špersonnel.€€Standard€11„4.3(c)€provides€that,€if€the€prosecutorŠ Ą#% Šis€aware€of€discoverable€informationņņóó€possessed€by€a€governmentŠ –$ę& Šagency€that€does€not€report€to€the€prosecutorššs€office,€theŠ l%¼ ' Šprosecutor€must€disclose€the€existence€of€that€information.€Š B&’!( Šą  ąABA€Standard€11„4.3(d)€and€(e)€go€beyond€the€traditional€dueŠ 'h") Šdiligence€obligation.€€Standard€11„4.3(d)€provides€that,€if€aŠ ī'>#* Šrequest€is€made€for€identified€material€that€would€beŠ Ä($+ Šdiscoverable€if€in€the€possession€or€control€of€a€party€but€whichŠ š)ź$, Šis€in€the€possession€or€control€of€ņņothersóó,€the€party€must€useŠ p*Ą%- Šdiligent€good€faith€efforts€to€cause€the€material€to€be€madeŠ L+œ&. Šavailable.€€The€ABA€Commentary€assumes€that€such€information,€notŠ ",r'/ Šin€the€possession€and€control€of€the€party€from€whom€it€isŠ ų,H(0 Šsought,€could€be€obtained€through€subpoena€to€the€third€party€andŠ Ī-)1 Šnotes€that€section€(d)€was€added€to€š šencourage€the€parties€to€useŠ ° Švoluntary€discovery€methods.šš€€Rule€4„264€permits€a€subpoena€forŠ †Ö Šthe€pretrial€inspection€and€copying€of€non„privileged€documentsŠ \¬ Šand€things€which€may€constitute€relevant€evidence.€€The€RulesŠ 2‚ ŠCommittee€does€not€believe€that€either€prosecutors€or€defenseŠ X Šcounsel€should€be€burdened€with€trying€to€persuade€third€partiesŠ Ž. Šover€whom€they€have€no€control€to€turn€over€information€which,Š “  Šfor€their€own€purposes,€they€refuse€voluntarily€to€do.€€TheŠ Š Ś Šdispute€is€then€between€the€party€seeking€the€information€and€theŠ ` ° Šthird€party€who€has€it,€and€Rule€4„264€already€provides€an€avenueŠ 6 †  Što€resolve€that€dispute.€€Š  \  Šą  ąStandard€11„4.3(e)€permits€a€court€to€order€the€disclosureŠ ā 2  Šof€material€or€information,€not€otherwise€covered€under€StandardŠ ø  Š11„4.3,€upon€a€showing€that€the€items€sought€š šare€material€to€theŠ ŽŽ  Špreparation€of€the€case.šš€€The€ABA€Commentary€confirms€that€thisŠ d“  Šprovision€deals€with€information€š šthat€is€outside€the€scope€ofŠ :Š  Šthe€standardsšš€and€is€to€ensure€that€š šthe€courts€will€have€theŠ `  Šflexibility€needed€to€make€the€discovery€rules€work€in€a€wideŠ ę6 Šrange€of€criminal€cases.šš€€The€Rules€Committee€does€not€recommendŠ ¼  Šthe€adoption€of€that€provision.Š ’ā Šą  ąThe€proposals€submitted€in€the€Supplement€call€for€a€muchŠ hø Šbroader€range€of€discovery€than€is€Constitutionally€required,Š >Ž Šthan€is€provided€for€in€the€current€version€of€Rules€Š d Š4„262€and€4„263,€and€than€is€required€under€discovery€rulesŠ ź: Šapplicable€in€Federal€cases.€€Standard€11„4.3(e)€is€extremelyŠ Ą Šbroad€and€could€lead€to€a€court€ordering€the€disclosure€ofŠ –ę Šmaterial,€such€as€attorney€work€product,€that€the€discovery€RulesŠ l¼ Šactually€seek€to€shield.€€Neither€Fed.€R.€Crim.€Proc.€16€nor€theŠ B’ Šcomparable€rules€in€most€other€States€contain€such€a€provision.€Š h ŠĢņņRule€4„263€(d):€€Disclosure€by€the€Stateššs€AttorneyóóŠ Ä Šą  ąą ` ąņ ņRule€4„263€(d)ó ó€requires€the€State,€without€request,€toŠ šź Šdisclose€to€the€defense€ten€categories€of€material€andŠ ~Ī  Šinformation,€as€follows:Š T ¤! ŠĢÓÓą  ąą ` ą(1)€ņ ņRule€4„263€(d)(1)ó ó€requires€the€disclosure€of€allŠ "P# Šwritten€and€oral€statements€of€the€defendant€or€any€co„defendantŠ Č#% Šthat€relate€to€the€offense€charged,€along€with€material€andŠ t%Ä ' Šinformation€relating€to€the€acquisition€of€such€statements.€Š  'p") ŠSubsection€(d)(1)€is€consistent€with€ABA€Standard€11„2.1(a)(i).Š Ģ($+ Šą  ąą ` ą(2)€ņ ņRule€4„263€(d)(2)€ó órequires€the€disclosure€of€priorŠ x*Č%- Šconvictions,€pending€charges,€or€the€probationary€status€of€theŠ @,'/ Šdefendant€and€any€co„defendant.€€This€is€consistent€with€ABAŠ ģ-<)1 ŠStandard€11„2.1(a)(vi).Š ° Šą  ąą ` ą(3)€ņ ņRule€4„263€(d)(3)ó ó€requires€disclosure€of€the€namesŠ \¬ Šand,€with€statutory€exceptions,€the€addresses€of€all€persons€whomŠ $t Šthe€State€intends€to€call€as€witnesses,€either€in€its€case„in„Š Š  Šchief€or€to€rebut€alibi€testimony,€together€with€all€writtenŠ | Ģ Šstatements€of€such€persons€that€relate€to€the€offense€charged.€Š ( x  ŠThe€comparable€ABA€Standard€is€Standard€11„2.1(a)(ii).€€Š Ō$  Šą  ąCurrent€Rule€4„263€(b)(1)€requires€the€disclosure,€onŠ €Š  Šrequest,€of€the€names€and€addresses€of€persons€the€State€intendsŠ ,|  Što€call€as€witnesses€but€does€not€require€the€disclosure€ofŠ Ų( Šstatements€by€those€witnesses.€€If€such€statements€constituteŠ „Ō Šš šņņBradyóó€material,šš€they€would€have€to€be€disclosed€without€requestŠ 0€ Šunder€current€Rule€4„263€(a)(1).€€Otherwise,€oral€statements€doŠ č8 Šnot€have€to€be€disclosed€at€all€and€written€statements€do€notŠ ”ä Šhave€to€be€turned€over€until€after€the€witness€has€completedŠ @ Šdirect€examination,€and€then€only€to€the€extent€they€may€fallŠ ģ< Šwithin€Marylandššs€version€of€the€ņņš šJencksóó€rule.šš€€Proposed€Rule€Š ˜č  Š4„263€(d)(3),€especially€when€coupled€with€the€expandedŠ P! " Šdefinition€of€š šwritten€statement,šš€significantly€broadens€theŠ ü"L$ Šcurrent€requirement€by€making€written€witness€statementsŠ Ø$ų& Šdiscovery€material€that€must€be€disclosed€much€earlier€in€theŠ T&¤!( Šprocess€and€without€request.€€Š (P#* Šą  ąSubsection€(d)(3)€departs€in€one€important€respect€from€ABAŠ ¬)ü$, ŠStandard€11„2.1(a)(ii),€which€requires€the€disclosure,€withoutŠ X+Ø&. Šrequest,€not€only€of€persons€whom€the€State€intends€to€call€asŠ -T(0 Šwitnesses€but€of€š šall€persons€known€to€the€prosecution€to€haveŠ ° Šinformation€concerning€the€offense€chargedšš€and€of€the€writtenŠ \¬ Šstatements€of€such€persons€š šthat€relate€to€the€subject€matter€ofŠ X Šthe€offense€charged.šš€€The€ABA€Commentary€notes€that€this€isŠ “  Šintended€š šbroadly€to€encompass€all€persons€with€any€relevantŠ ` ° Šknowledge,€helpful€or€harmful€to€either€sidešš€and€recognizes€thatŠ  \  Ševen€the€pretrial€disclosure€of€prospective€witnesses,€much€lessŠ ø  Šanyone€having€relevant€knowledge,€is€neither€ConstitutionallyŠ d“  Šrequired€nor€required€under€Federal€Rule€Crim.€Proc.€16.€€Š `  Šą  ąNeither€the€Federal€Rule€nor€the€Rules€in€most€States€haveŠ ¼  Šadopted€this€expansion.€€Only€a€handful€of€States€require€theŠ hø Šdisclosure€of€persons,€other€than€prospective€witnesses€orŠ d Špersons€required€to€be€disclosed€under€ņņBradyóó,€simply€because€theyŠ Ą Šmay€have€knowledge€about€the€offense.€€The€Rules€Committee€doesŠ xČ Šnot€recommend€expanding€the€Maryland€Rule€in€this€regard.€€AsŠ $t Šunder€current€Rule€4„263€(a)(1),€ņņanyóó€material€or€information€inŠ Š  Šthe€possession€or€control€of€the€State€that€constitutes€š šņņBradyóóŠ ˆŲ  Šmaterialšš€must€be€disclosed€under€subsections€(d)(5)€and€(6)€ofŠ @!" Šthe€proposed€Rule,€whether€or€not€from€prospective€witnesses.€€AnŠ ģ"<$ Šexpansion€of€subsection€(d)(3)€is€not€necessary€to€cover€thatŠ ˜$č& Šmaterial.Š D&”!( Šą  ąThe€Committee€was€concerned€that€the€duty€to€disclose€theŠ š'@#* Šnames,€addresses,€and€statements€of€persons€who€are€not€intendedŠ œ)ģ$, Što€be€called€as€witnesses€and€who€do€not€have€information€thatŠ H+˜&. Šcould€be€regarded€as€š šņņBradyóó€materialšš€not€only€goes€beyond€whatŠ ō,D(0 Šis€generally€required€throughout€the€country€but€may€be€tooŠ ° Šambiguous€and€burdensome.€€Prosecutors€noted€that€often,€when€theŠ \¬ Špolice€interview€bystanders,€neighbors,€or€others€following€aŠ X Šcriminal€event,€interviewees€will€advise€that€they€did€not€seeŠ “  Šthe€event€and€have€no€knowledge€about€it€but€that€some€otherŠ ` ° Šperson€may€have€such€knowledge,€that€the€prosecutor€would€notŠ  \  Šregard€such€interviewees€as€having€knowledge€about€the€offenseŠ ø  Šand,€for€that€reason,€would€not€be€inclined€to€call€them€asŠ d“  Šwitnesses,€but€that€defense€counsel€might€complain€later€thatŠ `  Šthose€persons€should€have€been€disclosed.€€ņņSeeóó€Appendix€E,€ItemŠ ¼  Š1.Š tÄ Šņ ņņņóóó óą  ą(4)€ņ ņRule€4„263€(d)(4)ó ó€requires€the€disclosure€of€evidenceŠ  p Šthat€the€State€intends€to€offer€under€Rule€5„404€(b).€€Rule€5„404Š č8 Šgenerally€precludes€evidence€of€a€personššs€character€or€trait€ofŠ ”ä Šcharacter€for€the€purpose€of€proving€action€in€conformityŠ @ Štherewith.€€Section€(b)€of€that€Rule,€however,€permits€evidenceŠ ģ< Šof€other€crimes,€wrongs,€or€acts€for€other€purposes,€such€asŠ ˜č  Šproof€of€motive,€opportunity,€intent,€preparation,€common€schemeŠ D!”" Šor€plan,€knowledge,€identity,€or€absence€of€mistake€or€accident.€Š š"@$ ŠThat€kind€of€evidence€is€admissible€as€substantive€evidence€andŠ œ$ģ& Šnot€merely€for€impeachment.€€It€may€be€in€a€form€that€would€fallŠ H&˜!( Šwithin€the€disclosure€provisions€of€other€sections€of€theŠ ō'D#* Šproposed€amendments€to€Rule€4„263,€but€the€Rules€Committee€feltŠ  )š$, Šthat€there€should€be€an€express€requirement€to€disclose€this€kindŠ L+œ&. Šof€evidence,€which€is€what€subsection€(d)(4)€accomplishes.€€TheŠ ų,H(0 Šcomparable€ABA€Standard€11.2.1(b)€provides€that,€š š[i]f€theŠ ° Šprosecution€intends€to€use€character,€reputation,€or€other€act€ofŠ \¬ Ševidence,€the€prosecution€should€notify€the€defense€of€thatŠ X Šintention€and€the€substance€of€the€evidence€to€be€used.šš€€TheŠ “  ŠRules€Committee€believes€that,€because€this€is€substantiveŠ ` ° Ševidence,€the€State€should€disclose€the€evidence€itself€and€notŠ  \  Šjust€the€š šsubstancešš€of€it.Š ø  ŠÓÓĢÓÓą  ą(5)€ņ ņRule€4„263€(d)(5)ó ó€codifies€the€ņņBradyóó€requirement€ofŠ :Š  Šdisclosing,€without€request,€exculpatory€evidence€š!š€evidence€thatŠ R Šwould€negate€or€mitigate€the€defendantššs€guilt€or€mitigateŠ ®ž Špunishment.€€It€requires€the€disclosure€of€material€andŠ ZŖ Šinformation,€whether€or€not€admissible,€that€tends€to€š šexculpateŠ V Šthe€defendant€or€negate€or€mitigate€the€defendantššs€guilt€orŠ ² Špunishment€as€to€the€offense€charged.šš€€ABA€Standard€11„Š ^® Š2.1(a)(viii)€requires€disclosure€of€material€or€information€š šthatŠ  Z Štends€to€negate€the€guilt€of€the€defendant€as€to€the€offenseŠ ¶ Šcharged€or€which€would€tend€to€reduce€the€punishment€of€theŠ b ²! Šdefendant.šš€€The€ABA€Standard€omits€any€specific€mention€ofŠ "^# Ševidence€that€tends€to€š šmitigatešš€guilt,€which€the€RulesŠ ŗ# % ŠCommittee€believes€should€continue€to€be€explicit€in€the€Rule.€Š f%¶ ' ŠņņSee€Ware€v.€Stateóó,€348€Md.€19€(1997).€€Other€than€that€addition,Š 'b") Šthe€Committee€believes€that€subsection€(d)(5)€is€consistent€withŠ Ź($+ Šthe€ABA€Standard.Š v*Ę%- ŠÓÓĢÓÓą  ą(6)€ņ ņRule€4„263€(d)(6)ó ó€codifies€the€ņņBradyóó€requirement€ofŠ ų,H(0 Šdisclosing,€without€request,€evidence€in€the€possession€orŠ ° Šcontrol€of€the€Stateššs€Attorney€that€may€be€used€to€impeachŠ \¬ ŠStateššs€witnesses.€€It€requires€the€disclosure€of€material€andŠ X Šinformation,€whether€or€not€admissible,€š šthat€tends€to€impeach€aŠ “  ŠStateššs€witness.šš€€That€kind€of€evidence,€whatever€form€it€takes,Š ` ° Šis€š šņņBradyóó€material.šš€€For€guidance,€subsection€(d)(6)€then€listsŠ  \  Šsome€common€examples€of€information€falling€within€that€categoryŠ Ä  Šof€impeachment€evidence,€including:Š pĄ  ŠÓÓĢÓÓą  ąą ` ąņņRule€4„263€(d)(6)(A)óó:€€Evidence€of€prior€conduct€thatŠ ņB Šmight€be€admissible€under€Rule€5„608€(b)€to€show€the€character€ofŠ žī Šthe€witness€for€untruthfulness.€€Except€to€the€extent€that€theŠ Jš Šsubstance€of€such€evidence€may€be€subject€to€disclosure€under€ABAŠ öF ŠStandard€11„2.1(a)(viii)€ņ ņ[see€Rule€4„263€(d)(3)€ņņanteóó]ó ó,€there€isŠ ¢ņ Šno€counterpart€ABA€Standard.Š n¾ ŠÓÓĢÓÓą  ąą ` ąņņRule€4„263€(d)(6)(B)óó:€€Evidence€of€a€relationshipŠ š@ Šbetween€the€Stateššs€Attorney€and€a€Stateššs€witness,€including€theŠ œģ  Šnature€and€circumstances€of€any€agreement,€understanding,€orŠ H!˜" Šrepresentation€between€the€Stateššs€Attorney€and€the€witness€thatŠ ō"D$ Šconstitutes€an€inducement€for€the€cooperation€or€testimony€of€theŠ  $š& Šwitness.€€That€essentially€mirrors€ABA€Standard€11„2.1(a)(iii).Š L&œ!( ŠÓÓĢÓÓą  ąą ` ąņņRule€4„263€(d)(6)(C)óó:€€Any€record€of€prior€criminalŠ Ī($+ Šconvictions,€pending€charges,€or€probationary€status€that€may€beŠ z*Ź%- Šused€to€impeach€any€witness€to€be€called€by€the€State,€with€theŠ &,v'/ Šcaveat€that€the€Stateššs€Attorney€is€not€required€to€investigateŠ Ņ-")1 Šthe€criminal€record€of€a€Stateššs€witness€unless€the€StateššsŠ ° ŠAttorney€knows€or€has€reason€to€believe€that€the€witness€has€aŠ \¬ Šcriminal€record.€€The€first€clause€of€subsection€(d)(6)(C),Š X Šcreating€the€duty€of€disclosure,€mirrors€ABA€StandardŠ “  Š11.2.1(a)(vi).€€The€second€clause€is€inserted€to€make€clear€thatŠ ` ° Šthe€Stateššs€Attorney€has€no€obligation€under€the€due€diligenceŠ  \  Šrequirement€to€check€the€criminal€records€ofņ ņ€ó óStateššs€witnessesŠ ø  Šunless€he€or€she€knows€or€has€reason€to€believe€that€such€aŠ €Š  Šrecord€exists.€€There€is€no€counterpart€ABA€Standard€to€thatŠ ,|  Šprovision.€ņ ņó ó€ņņSeeóó€Appendix€E,€Item€2.Š Ų( Šą  ąą ` ąņņRule€4„263€(d)(6)(D)óó:€€An€oral€statement€not€otherwiseŠ ą Šmemorialized€made€by€a€witness€that€is€materially€inconsistentŠ <Œ Šwith€another€statement€made€by€the€witness€or€with€a€statementŠ č8 Šmade€by€another€witness.€€There€is€no€specific€counterpart€ABAŠ ”ä ŠStandard,€but€because€a€witness€clearly€may€be€impeached€throughŠ @ Šthe€use€of€a€prior€inconsistent€statement€(Rule€5„616€(a)(1)),Š ģ< Šinformation€of€this€kind,€at€least€with€respect€to€a€StateššsŠ ˜č  Šwitness€known€to€the€Stateššs€Attorney,€would€constitute€ņ ņš šņņó óBradyóóŠ D!”" Šmaterial.šš€€ņņSeeóó€ņņBruce€v.€Stateóó,€318€Md.€706,€725€(1990)€(š š[I]fŠ  #\$ Šthe€State€is€aware€of€prior€inconsistent€statements€made€by€aŠ Ä$ & Šwitness€to€a€police€officer,€it€may€have€an€obligation€to€produceŠ p&Ą!( Šthis€information€under€the€duty€to€furnish€exculpatoryŠ (l#* Ševidence.šš).€€ņņSeeóó€Appendix€E,€Item€3.Š Č)%, ŠÓÓĢÓÓą  ąą ` ąņņRule€4„263€(d)(6)(E)óó:€€A€medical,€psychiatric,€orŠ V,¦'/ Šaddiction€condition€of€a€witness€that€may€impair€the€witnessššsŠ .R)1 Šability€to€testify€truthfully€or€accurately,€except€that€theŠ ° ŠStateššs€Attorney€is€not€required€to€inquire€into€a€witnessššsŠ \¬ Šmedical,€psychiatric,€or€addiction€history€or€status€unless,€fromŠ X Šinformation€already€possessed,€the€Stateššs€Attorney€knows€or€hasŠ “  Šreason€to€believe€that€an€inquiry€would€result€in€discovering€aŠ ` ° Šcondition€that€may€impair€the€witnessššs€ability€to€testifyŠ  \  Štruthfully€or€accurately.€€There€is€no€specific€counterpart€ABAŠ ø  ŠStandard.€€Š d“  Šą  ąThe€first€part€of€this€requirement€was€included€in€aŠ `  ŠCommittee€note€in€the€proposed€Rule€submitted€with€the€158ņņthóóŠ ¼  ŠReport€and€attracted€adverse€comment€by€prosecutors€and€victimsššŠ hø Šrights€advocates.€€Some€context€is€required.€€Medical€andŠ d Špsychiatric€records€and€information€are€generally€privileged.€€IfŠ Ą Šthey€are€in€the€hands€of€a€third€party€and€are€not€in€theŠ l¼ Špossession€or€control€of€the€Stateššs€Attorney,€they€do€not,€forŠ h Šthat€reason,€constitute€š šņņBradyóó€materialšš€and€are€therefore€notŠ Ä Šrequired€to€be€disclosed€by€the€Stateššs€Attorney.€€ņņSee€GoldsmithŠ |Ģ  Šv.€Stateóó,€337€Md.€112€(1995);€ņņThomas€v.€Stateóó,€372€Md.€342Š 4!„" Š(2002).€€The€ņņBradyóó€issue€arises€when€such€information,€which€mayŠ ģ"<$ Šinclude€statements€by€the€witness€describing€the€witnessššsŠ ¤$ō& Šmedical€or€psychiatric€condition€or€status,€ņņareóó€in€the€possessionŠ P& !( Šor€control€of€the€Stateššs€Attorney.€Š (X#* Šą  ąEven€then,€it€is€not€all€such€information€that€is€subject€toŠ “)%, Šdisclosure€but€only€information€tending€to€establish€a€conditionŠ `+°&. Šwhich€may€impair€the€witnessššs€ability€to€testify€truthfully€orŠ  -\(0 Šaccurately.€€If€the€condition€is€of€that€kind€and€severity,€theŠ ° ŠRules€Committee€believes€it€would€constitute€š šņņBradyóó€materialšš€andŠ \¬ Šwould€have€to€be€disclosed,€notwithstanding€the€personal€interestŠ d Šof€the€witness€in€having€it€shielded.€€ņņSee€United€States€v.€Grayóó,Š Ą  Š52€Fed.€Appx.€945€(9ņņthóó€Cir.€2002)€(records€obtained€by€prosecutorŠ x Č Šindicating€Government€witness€had€š šauditory€hallucinationsšš€andŠ $ t  Šwas€š šactively€psychoticšš€required€to€be€disclosed€underņņóó€ņņBradyóó);Š Š  ŠņņUnited€States€v.€Boydóó,€55€F.3d€239€(7ņņthóó€Cir.€1995)€(GovernmentššsŠ ˆŲ  Šknowledge€that€witnesses€were€using€drugs€throughout€the€trialŠ @  Šrequired€to€be€disclosed);€ņņalso€Lyba€v.€Stateóó,€321€Md.€564€(1991)Š ģ< Š(error€not€to€permit€cross„examination€of€victim„witness€as€toŠ ¤ō Šwhether€she€was€on€drugs€at€time€of€assault€and€had€consumedŠ P  Šalcohol€at€time€she€identified€defendant).Š üL Šą  ąSome€of€the€concern€expressed€by€prosecutors€and€victimsššŠ Øų Šrights€advocates€was€whether,€under€the€due€diligenceŠ T¤ Šrequirement,€prosecutors€were€required€to€interrogate€witnessesŠ P Šabout€their€medical,€psychiatric,€or€addiction€background€andŠ ¬ü  Šwhether,€if€victims€volunteered€this€information€to€victimŠ X!Ø" Šcounselors€employed€by€the€police€or€the€Stateššs€Attorney€and€theŠ #T$ Šcounselor€made€written€notes€of€the€conversation,€those€notesŠ °$ & Šwould€subject€to€discovery.€€With€respect€to€the€first€concern,Š \&¬!( Šthe€Rules€Committee€is€of€the€view€that€the€Stateššs€Attorney€isŠ (X#* Šunder€no€obligation€to€inquire€into€the€medical,€psychiatric,€orŠ “)%, Šaddiction€history€or€condition€of€its€witnesses,€unless€theŠ `+°&. ŠStateššs€Attorney€knows€or€has€reason€to€believe€that€an€inquiryŠ  -\(0 Šwould€produce€discoverable€information,€in€which€event€theŠ ° Šprosecutor€may€not€remain€wilfully€ignorant.€€As€to€the€secondŠ \¬ Šconcern,€the€issue€is€whether€the€written€notes€fall€within€theŠ X Šdefinition€of€š šwritten€statement.šš€€ņņSeeóó€subsection€(b)(5).€€IfŠ “  Šso,€they€must€be€disclosed.€€The€Rules€Committee€does€notŠ l ¼ Šperceive€any€requirement€that€a€victim€counselor€make€writtenŠ  h  Šnotes€of€this€kind€of€information.€€ņņSeeóó€Appendix€E,€Item€4.Š Ä  ŠÓÓĢÓÓą  ąą ` ąņņRule€4„263€(d)(6)(F)óó:€€The€fact€that€a€Stateššs€witnessŠ R¢  Šhas€taken€but€did€not€pass€a€polygraph€test.€€There€is€noŠ žN Šcounterpart€ABA€Standard.€€Any€oral€or€written€statement€made€byŠ Ŗś Šthe€defendant€or€a€co„defendant€in€the€course€of€polygraphŠ V¦ Šexamination€that€is€in€the€possession€or€control€of€the€StateššsŠ R ŠAttorney€must€be€disclosed€under€proposed€Rule€4„263€(d)(1).€€AnyŠ ®ž Šwritten€statement€made€by€a€Stateššs€witness€in€the€course€of€suchŠ ZŖ Šan€examination€must€be€disclosed€under€Rule€4„263€(d)(3).€€TheŠ V Šissue€here€concerns€not€the€statement€but€the€recorded€belief€byŠ ² Šthe€polygraph€examiner€that€the€witness€was€not€being€truthful.€Š ^ ®! ŠThe€case€law€regarding€this€kind€of€information€is€not€altogetherŠ  "Z# Šclear.€€In€ņņWood€v.€Bartholomewóó,€516€U.S.€1€(1995),€the€SupremeŠ ¶#% ŠCourt€held€that,€where€the€examinerššs€opinion€would€have€beenŠ n%¾ ' Šinadmissible€in€evidence,€even€for€impeachment€purposes,€non„Š 'j") Šdisclosure€by€the€State€did€not€constitute€a€ņņBradyóó€violation€andŠ Ę($+ Šdid€not€require€reversal€of€a€conviction€because€disclosure€mayŠ ~*Ī%- Šhave€affected€trial€strategy€of€the€defense.€€ņņCompareóó,€however,ņņŠ *,z'/ ŠPatrick€v.€Stateóó,€329€Md.€24€(1992),€decided€before€ņņWoodóó,€butŠ ā-2)1 Šholding€that,€notwithstanding€that€the€opinion€of€the€polygraphŠ ° Šexaminer€was€inadmissible,€š šthe€reports€of€State€experts€who€haveŠ \¬ Šconducted€polygraph€examinations,€whether€the€results€areŠ X Šexculpatory€of€the€accusedššs€guilt€or€not,€constituteŠ “  Šdiscoverable€ššscientific€testsšš€within€the€contemplation€of€[RuleŠ ` ° Š4„263€(b)(4)]€[reports€of€experts].šš€€Š  \  Šą  ąThe€Rules€Committee€is€of€the€view€that,€where€the€State€isŠ ø  Šaware€that€a€Stateššs€witness€underwent€a€polygraph€examinationŠ d“  Šand€the€examiner€concluded€that€the€witness€was€not€beingŠ `  Štruthful,€that€information€should€be€disclosed,€even€ifŠ ¼  Šinadmissible€in€evidence€and€whether€or€not€required€by€ņņBradyóó.€Š hø ŠOn€balance,€there€is€no€harm€to€the€State€in€disclosing€thatŠ  p Šinformation,€but€it€may€be€useful€to€the€defense€in€finding€otherŠ Ģ Ševidence€with€which€to€impeach€the€witness,€which€was€theŠ xČ Šrationale€of€ņņPatrickóó.€€Rather€than€leave€the€matter€uncertain,Š $t Šthe€Committee€believes€that€an€affirmative€statement€isŠ Ü, Šdesirable.Š ˆŲ  ŠÓÓĢÓÓą  ąą ` ąņņRule€4„263€(d)(6)(G)óó:€€The€failure€of€a€witness€to€makeŠ  "Z# Šan€identification€of€the€defendant€or€a€co„defendant.€€There€isŠ ¶#% Šno€specific€comparable€ABA€Standard,€although€this€informationŠ b%² ' Šwould€appear€to€be€discoverable€under€ABA€Standard€11„Š '^") Š2.1(a)(vii),€which€requires€the€disclosure€of€š š[a]ny€material,Š ŗ( $+ Šdocuments,€or€information€relating€to€lineups,€showups,€andŠ f*¶%- Špicture€or€voice€identifications€in€relation€to€the€case.ššŠ ,b'/ ŠThe€Rules€Committee€notes€that€its€proposal€deals€only€with€theŠ ¾-)1 Šfailure€to€make€an€identification€and€does€not€appear€to€includeŠ ° Ša€misidentification.€€That€information€would€likely€beŠ \¬ Šdiscoverable€under€subsection€(d)(4)€as€exculpatory€information.Š X ŠÓÓĢÓÓą  ąą ` ą(7)€ņ ņRule€4„263€(d)(7)ó ó€requires€disclosure€of€allŠ Š Ś Šrelevant€material€or€information€relating€to€(i)€specificŠ R ¢  Šsearches,€seizures,€eavesdropping,€and€electronic€surveillance,Š ž N  Šincluding€wiretaps€and€(ii)€pretrial€identification€of€theŠ Ŗś  Šdefendant€by€a€Stateššs€witness.€€The€comparable€ABA€Standards€areŠ V¦  ŠStandards€11„2.1(a)(vii),€11„2.1(c),€and€11„2.1(d).€€As€noted,Š R ŠStandard€11„2.1(a)(vii)€requires€the€disclosure€of€š šmaterial,Š ®ž Šdocuments,€or€information€relating€to€lineups,€showups,€andŠ ZŖ Špicture€or€voice€identifications€in€relation€to€the€case.šš€Š V ŠStandard€11„2.1(c)€provides€that,€if€the€defendantššsŠ ² Šconversations€or€premises€have€been€subjected€to€electronicŠ ^® Šsurveillance€(including€wiretapping)€in€connection€with€theŠ  Z Šinvestigation€or€prosecution€of€the€case,€the€prosecution€shouldŠ ¶ Šinform€the€defense€of€that€fact.šš€€Standard€11„2.1(d)€providesŠ b ²! Šthat,€if€any€tangible€object€which€the€State€intends€to€offer€atŠ "^# Štrial€was€obtained€through€a€search€and€seizure,€the€prosecutionŠ ŗ# % Šshould€disclose€š šany€information,€documents,€or€other€materialŠ f%¶ ' Šrelating€to€the€acquisition€of€such€objects.ššŠ 'b") Šą  ąRule€4„263€(d)(7),€when€coupled€with€subsection€(d)(6)(G)€isŠ ¾($+ Šgenerally€consistent€with€those€Standards,€but€there€are€someŠ j*ŗ%- Šdifferences.€€As€to€identification€evidence,€the€ABA€StandardŠ ,f'/ Šwould€seem€to€apply€to€the€identification€(or€not)€of€anyone;Š Ā-)1 Šsubsections€(d)(6)(G)€and€(d)(7)€cover€only€identifications€ofŠ ° Šthe€defendant€or€co„defendant€by€a€Stateššs€witness€(or€failure€toŠ \¬ Šmake€such€an€identification).€€Subsection€(d)(7)€follows€theŠ X Šcurrent€Rule,€and€the€Rules€Committee€saw€no€need€to€expand€theŠ “  ŠRule.€€The€ABA€Standard€requires€only€that€the€State€inform€theŠ ` ° Šdefense€of€electronic€surveillance€and€does€not€requireŠ  \  Šdisclosure€of€relevant€material€concerning€it.€€To€that€extent,Š ø  Šsubsection€(d)(7)€is€broader€than€the€ABA€Standard.€€With€respectŠ d“  Što€the€disclosure€of€information€regarding€specific€searches€andŠ `  Šseizures,€subsection€(d)(7)€is€comparable€to€ABA€Standard€11„Š ¼  Š2.1(d).Š hø ŠÓÓĢÓÓą  ąą ` ą(8)€ņ ņRule€4„263€(d)(8)ó ó€requires€disclosure€of€the€nameŠ ź: Šand€address€of€each€expert€consulted€by€the€State€in€connectionŠ ² Šwith€the€action,€the€subject€matter€of€the€consultation,€theŠ ^® Šsubstance€of€the€expertššs€findings€and€opinions,€and€a€summary€ofŠ  Z Šthe€grounds€for€each€opinion.€€The€Stateššs€Attorney€must€alsoŠ ¶ Šafford€the€defense€the€opportunity€to€inspect€and€copy€allŠ b ²! Šwritten€reports€or€statements€made€in€connection€with€the€actionŠ "^# Šby€the€expert€and€provide€the€substance€of€any€oral€report€orŠ ŗ# % Šconclusion€by€the€expert.€€This€is€generally€consistent€with€ABAŠ f%¶ ' ŠStandard€11„2.1(iv).Š 'b") ŠÓÓĢÓÓą  ąą ` ą(9)€ņ ņRule€4„263€(d)(9)ó ó€requires€the€Stateššs€Attorney€toŠ ”)ä$, Šafford€the€defense€the€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€andŠ \+¬&. Šphotograph€documents,€computer„generated€evidence,€recordings,Š -X(0 Šphotographs,€or€other€tangible€items€that€the€State€intends€toŠ ° Šuse€at€a€hearing€or€trial.€€ABA€Standard€11„2.1(a)(v)€requiresŠ \¬ Šthe€disclosure€and€right€to€inspect,€copy,€test,€and€photographŠ X Šthose€kinds€of€tangible€objects€š šwhich€pertain€to€the€case€orŠ “  Šwhich€were€obtained€for€or€belong€to€the€defendantšš€and€directsŠ ` ° Šthat€the€State€identify€which€of€those€objects€it€intends€toŠ  \  Šoffer€as€evidence€at€trial.€€Rule€4„263€(d)(9)€does€not€mentionŠ ø  Šthe€right€to€test€the€material.€€Moreover,€as€noted,€it€appliesŠ d“  Šonly€to€items€that€the€State€intends€to€use€as€evidence,€notŠ `  Šthose€which€may€š špertain€to€the€casešš€but€which€the€State€doesŠ ¼  Šnot€intend€to€use€as€evidence.€€This€follows€the€RulesŠ hø ŠCommitteeššs€general€view,€also€expressed€in€other€sections,€that,Š d Šother€than€ņ ņš šņņó óBradyóó€material,šš€the€requirement€of€disclosure€shouldŠ Ą Šbe€limited€to€information€or€material€the€State€intends€to€use€asŠ ˆŲ Ševidence.€€ņņSeeóó€however,€the€explanation€of€Rule€4„263(d)(10),Š 4„ Šimmediately€following.Š ģ< ŠÓÓĢÓÓą  ąą ` ą(10)€ņ ņRule€4„263€(d)(10)€ó órequires€the€Stateššs€AttorneyŠ n ¾! Što€afford€the€defense€the€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€andŠ 6"†# Šphotograph€any€item€obtained€from€or€belonging€to€the€defendant,Š ā#2% Šwhether€or€not€the€State€intends€to€use€the€item€at€a€hearing€orŠ Ž%Ž ' Štrial.€€That€requirement€is€generally€consistent€with€ABAŠ :'Š") ŠStandard€11„2.1(a)(v),€although,€as€noted,€it€does€not€mentionŠ ę(6$+ Šthe€right€to€test€the€items.Š ’*ā%- ŠÓÓĢÓÓņņRule€4„263€(e):€€Disclosure€by€DefenseóóŠ -d(0 Šą  ąą ` ąņ ņRule€4„263€(e)ó ó,€as€proposed,€requires€the€defense€(1)Š ° Šwithout€request,€to€disclose€five€categories€of€material€andŠ xČ Šinformation€š!š€experts,€character€witnesses,€alibi€witnesses,Š $t Šinsanity€defense€witnesses,€and€documents€and€tangible€items€theŠ Š  Šdefense€intends€to€use€at€trial€or€a€hearing,€(2)€upon€request,Š | Ģ Što€have€the€defendant€appear€for€the€purpose€of€providing€certainŠ ( x  Šidentifying€information,€and€(3)€upon€motion€and€court€order,€toŠ Ō$  Šhave€the€defendant€appear€for€the€purpose€of€providing€certainŠ €Š  Šadditional€kinds€of€identifying€information€and€to€submit€to€aŠ ,|  Šphysical€or€mental€examination.€€Š Ų( Šą  ąABA€Standard€11„2.2(a)(i)€requires€the€defense€to€discloseŠ „Ō Šthe€names€and€addresses€of€all€witnesses,€other€than€theŠ 0€ Šdefendant,€whom€the€defense€intends€to€call€at€trial,€togetherŠ Ü, Šwith€all€written€statements€of€those€witnesses€that€are€withinŠ ˆŲ Šthe€possession€or€control€of€the€defense€and€that€relate€to€theŠ 4„ Šsubject€matter€of€the€testimony€of€the€witness.€€Standard€11„Š ą0 Š2.2(a)(i)€does€not€require€disclosure€of€witnesses€who€will€beŠ ŒÜ  Šcalled€for€the€sole€purpose€of€impeaching€a€Stateššs€witness€untilŠ 8!ˆ" Šafter€the€Stateššs€witness€has€testified.€€Š ä"4$ Šą  ąThis€Standard€was€a€major€innovation€by€the€ABA€and€wasŠ $ą& Šintended€to€provide€a€balance€to€Standard€11„2.1(a)(ii),€whichŠ <&Œ!( Šrequires€the€State€to€disclose€not€only€the€names,€addresses,€andŠ č'8#* Šstatements€of€its€witnesses€but€of€all€persons€known€to€the€StateŠ ”)ä$, Što€have€information€concerning€the€offense.€€The€ABA€CommentaryŠ @+&. Šnotes€that€those€were€š šreciprocal€requirements€on€the€prosecutionŠ ģ,<(0 Šand€defense,šš€and€that€š š[t]he€two€standards€go€hand„in„hand,€andŠ ˜.č)2 Šmust€be€read€together.šš€€The€Commentary€points€out:Š ° ŠÓÓą8  ąą8` Š Š ąš šThe€defense€attorneys,€prosecutors,€judges,Š \¬ Šand€academics€revisiting€these€discoveryŠ 2‚ Šstandards€concluded€that€unless€meaningfulŠ X Špretrial€disclosures€are€required€of€bothŠ Ž. Šparties€in€a€criminal€case,€pretrialŠ “  Šdiscovery€cannot€serve€its€intended€purposeŠ Š Ś Što€enhance€the€fairness€and€the€efficiency€ofŠ ` ° Šthe€criminal€justice€system.€€In€theseŠ 6 †  Šstandards,€while€the€defense€gives€up€itsŠ  \  Šability€to€hold€its€hand€essentially€closedŠ ā 2  Šuntil€trial,€it€receives€disclosures€by€theŠ ø  Šprosecution€that€significantly€enhance€itsŠ ŽŽ  Šability€to€prepare€an€effective€defense.ššŠd“ ` x` x ŠĢÓÓą  ąFederal€Rule€Crim.€Proc.€16€does€not€require€the€disclosureŠ `  Šof€either€Government€or€defense€lay€witnesses.€€Subsection€(b)(2)Š ¼  Šof€that€Rule€provides€that,€except€for€scientific€and€medicalŠ hø Šreports,€the€Rule€š šdoes€not€authorize€discovery€or€inspection€ofŠ d Š...€a€prospective€government€or€defense€witness.šš€€The€States€areŠ Ą Šsplit€on€this€issue.€€The€great€majority€of€States€require€theŠ l¼ Šdisclosure€of€experts,€alibi€witnesses,€and€witnesses€to€beŠ h Šcalled€in€support€of€an€insanity€defense.€€The€split€is€somewhatŠ Ä Šmore€pronounced€with€respect€to€other€lay€witnesses.€€It€appearsŠ pĄ  Šthat€30€States€either€require€or€permit€a€court€to€require€thatŠ !l" Šthe€defense€disclose€the€names€of€its€lay€witnesses.€€In€some€ofŠ Č"$ Šthose€States,€the€disclosure€is€automatic;€in€others€it€isŠ t$Ä& Šcontingent€upon€reciprocal€discovery€by€the€State,€or€uponŠ  &p!( Šrequest,€or€on€motion€and€order.€€Nineteen€States€and€theŠ Ģ'#* ŠDistrict€of€Columbia€do€not€appear€to€require€such€disclosure.€Š x)Č$, ŠIncluded€as€non„disclosure€States€are€North€Carolina€and€Georgia,Š $+t&. Šwhich€require€disclosure€but€not€until€the€eve€of€trial.Š Š, (0 Šą  ąAs€noted€in€the€Supplemental€Report,€the€Rules€Committee€hadŠ |.Ģ)2 Šnot€considered€the€ABA€Standards€when€crafting€the€version€ofŠ ° ŠRule€4„263€submitted€with€its€158ņņthóó€Report,€which€omitted€anŠ \¬ Šobligation€on€the€defense€to€disclose€lay€witnesses€other€thanŠ X Šcharacter€and€alibi€witnesses.€€Nonetheless,€arguments€for€andŠ “  Šagainst€such€an€obligation€had€been€considered€by€the€CommitteeŠ ` ° Šat€several€meetings,€and€the€decision€not€to€include€thatŠ  \  Šobligation€was€a€deliberate,€though€not€a€unanimous,€one.€€Š ø  Šą  ąThe€Rules€Committee€revisited€that€issue€at€its€March€7,Š d“  Š2008€meeting,€at€which€both€prosecutors€and€defense€counsel€madeŠ `  Špresentations.€€Notwithstanding€the€ABA€Standard€and€the€view€ofŠ ¼  Ša€majority€of€States€on€this€issue,€a€majority€of€the€CommitteeŠ hø Šagain€voted€not€to€include€that€provision.€€It€was€persuadedŠ d Šthat,€because€the€burden€of€proof€was€on€the€State,€the€defenseŠ Ą Šshould€not€be€required€to€telegraph€in€advance€the€defenses€itŠ l¼ Šintends€to€raise,€which€a€disclosure€of€lay€witnesses€may€do.€€InŠ h Šthat€regard,€the€Rules€Committee€notes€that,€although€most€of€theŠ Ä ŠStates€require€the€disclosure€of€defense€lay€witnesses,€only€aŠ pĄ  Šhandful€require€the€defense€to€give€specific€notice€of€itsŠ !l" Šdefenses,€beyond€alibi€and€insanity.€€There€was€concern€as€well,Š Č"$ Šfrom€anecdotal€evidence€noted€by€defense€counsel,€that€disclosureŠ t$Ä& Šof€lay€witnesses€in€advance€of€trial€may€inhibit€defenseŠ  &p!( Šwitnesses€from€coming€forth€and€agreeing€to€testify.Š Ģ'#* Šą  ąThe€Rules€Committee€recognizes€that€this€is€an€importantŠ x)Č$, Šissue€that€needs€to€be€decided€ultimately€by€the€Court.€€ToŠ $+t&. Šassist€the€Court,€should€it€be€inclined€to€impose€this€obligationŠ Š, (0 Šon€the€defense,€there€is€attached,€as€Appendix€F,€a€draft€Ō_ŌofŠ |.Ģ)2 Šlanguage€that€would€achieve€that€result.€€If€the€Court€decides€toŠ ° Šinclude€that€general€obligation,€subsections€(e)(1)(B),€(C),€andŠ \¬ Š(D),€as€proposed,€may€be€superfluous,€although,€as€noted€below,Š X Šthey€are€provided€for€in€separate€ABA€Standards€and€probablyŠ “  Šshould€be€retained€for€clarity.€€ņņSeeóó€also€Appendix€E,€Item€1.Š ` ° Šņ ņą  ąRule€4„263€(e)€ó órequires€the€defense,€except€for€privilegedŠ  h  Šwork€product€of€defense€counsel,€to€disclose,€without€request,Š ą0  Šfive€categories€of€material€and€information,€as€follows:Š ŒÜ  ŠÓÓą  ąą ` ąĢÓÓą  ąą ` ą(1)€ņ ņRule€4„263(e)(1)ó ó€requires€the€disclosure€of€theŠ ^ Šname€and€address€of€each€expert€the€defense€expects€to€call€as€aŠ Ö& Šwitness,€together€with€the€subject€matter€on€which€the€expert€isŠ ‚Ņ Šexpected€to€testify,€the€substance€of€the€expertššs€findings,€theŠ .~ Šopinions€to€which€the€expert€is€expected€to€testify,€and€aŠ Ś* Šsummary€of€the€grounds€for€each€opinion.€€The€defense€must€alsoŠ †Ö Šdisclose€and€provide€an€opportunity€for€the€State€to€inspect€andŠ 2‚ Šcopy€all€written€reports€made€in€connection€with€the€action€byŠ Ž. Šthe€expert€and€the€substance€of€any€oral€report€or€conclusion.€Š Š Ś! ŠThis€is€generally€consistent€with€ABA€Standard€11„2.2(a)(ii),Š 6"†# Šexcept€that€the€Standard€also€requires€the€disclosure€of€theŠ ā#2% Šexpertššs€curriculum€vitae.€€The€defense€requirement€underŠ Ž%Ž ' Šsubsection€(e)(1)(A)€is€narrower€than€the€Stateššs€requirementŠ :'Š") Šunder€subsection€(d)(7).€€As€noted,€the€State€must€discloseŠ ę(6$+ Šinformation€with€respect€to€each€expert€š šconsulted€by€the€StateŠ ’*ā%- Šin€connection€with€the€action,šš€not€just€experts€it€intends€toŠ >,Ž'/ Šcall€as€witnesses.Š ź-:)1 ŠŌ_ŌÓÓĢÓÓą  ąą ` ą(2)€ņ ņRule€4„263(e)(2)ó ó€requires€the€disclosure€of€eachŠ †Ö Šwitness€the€defense€intends€to€call€to€testify€as€to€theŠ Nž Šdefendantššs€veracity€or€other€relevant€character€trait.€€UnlessŠ śJ Šthe€witness€declines€permission,€the€witnessššs€address€must€alsoŠ ¦ ö Šbe€disclosed.€€There€is€no€specific€ABA€counterpart€Standard,Š R ¢  Šalthough€it€would€appear€that€those€witnesses€would€have€to€beŠ ž N  Šdisclosed€under€ABA€Standard€11„2.2(a)(i).€€ABA€Standard€11„Š Ŗś  Š2.2(b),€however,€provides€that,€if€the€defense€intends€to€useŠ V¦  Šcharacter,€reputation,€or€other€act€evidence€ņņnot€relating€to€theŠ R Šdefendantóó,€it€should€notify€the€prosecutor€of€that€intention€andŠ ŗ  Šof€the€substance€of€the€evidence€to€be€used.€€There€is€noŠ rĀ Šcounterpart€to€that€Standard€in€Rule€4„263.Š n ŠÓÓą  ąĢÓÓą  ąą ` ą(3)€ņ ņRule€4„263(e)(3)ó ó€provides€that,€upon€designation€byŠ  š Šthe€State€of€the€time,€place,€and€date€of€the€alleged€occurrence,Š hø Šthe€defense€must€disclose€the€name€and,€unless€the€witnessŠ d Šdeclines€permission,€the€address€of€each€person,€other€than€theŠ Ą  Šdefendant,€whom€the€defense€expects€to€call€as€a€witness€to€showŠ l!¼" Šthat€the€defendant€was€not€present€at€the€time€or€placeŠ #h$ Šdesignated€by€the€State.€€This€is€consistent€with€ABA€StandardŠ Ä$ & Š11„2.2(c).Š p&Ą!( ŠÓÓĢÓÓą  ąą ` ą(4)€ņ ņRule€4„263€(e)(4)ó ó€provides€that,€if€the€defendantŠ ņ(B$+ Šintends€to€rely€on€the€defense€of€not€criminally€responsible€byŠ ŗ* &- Šreason€of€insanity,€the€defense€must€notify€the€State€of€thatŠ f,¶'/ Šintent€and€disclose€the€name€and,€unless€the€witness€deniesŠ .b)1 Špermission,€the€address€of€each€witness€the€defense€expects€toŠ ° Šcall€to€testify€in€support€of€that€defense.€€This€is€generallyŠ \¬ Šconsistent€with€ABA€Standard€11„2.2(c).Š X ŠÓÓĢÓÓą  ąą ` ą(5)€ņ ņRule€4„263€(e)(5)ó ó€requires€the€defense€to€affordŠ Š Ś Šthe€State€an€opportunity€to€inspect,€copy,€and€photographŠ R ¢  Šdocuments,€computer„generated€evidence,€recordings,€photographs,Š ž N  Šand€other€tangible€things€that€the€defense€expects€to€use€at€aŠ Ŗś  Šhearing€or€trial.€€This€is€consistent€with€ABA€Standard€11„Š V¦  Š2.2(a)(iii)€(other€than€that€the€ABA€Standard€permits€the€StateŠ R Što€test€such€material)€and€with€the€Stateššs€obligation€under€RuleŠ ®ž Š4„263€(d)(9).Š ZŖ ŠÓÓĢÓÓņņRule€4„263€(f):€€Person€of€the€DefendantóóŠ Ü, Šą  ąą ` ąņ ņRule€4„263€(f)ó ó€requires€the€defense€to€disclose€certainŠ ˆŲ Špersonal€or€bodily€information.€€Š P  Šą  ąą ` ą(1)€ņ ņRule€4„263€(f)(1)ó ó€provides€that,€on€request,€theŠ üL Šdefendant€must€appear€for€the€purpose€of€(i)€providingŠ Ä  Šfingerprints,€photographs,€handwriting€exemplars,€or€voiceŠ p!Ą" Šexemplars,€(ii)€appearing,€moving,€or€speaking€for€identificationŠ #l$ Šin€a€lineup,€or€(iii)€trying€on€clothes€or€other€articles.€€ThisŠ Č$ & Šis€consistent€with€ABA€Standard€11„2.3(a).€€Š t&Ä!( Šą  ąą ` ą(2)€ņ ņRule€4„263€(f)(2)€ó óprovides€that,€on€motion,€theŠ  (p#* Šcourt,€on€a€showing€of€good€cause,€shall€order€the€defendant€toŠ č)8%, Špermit€the€taking€of€buccal€samples€(DNA€swabs€from€the€mouth)Š ”+ä&. Šand€samples€of€other€material€from€the€body,€specimens€of€blood,Š @-(0 Šurine,€saliva,€breath,€hair,€nails,€and€material€under€the€nails,Š ° Šand€to€submit€to€a€reasonable€physical€or€mental€examination.€Š \¬ ŠWith€two€exceptions,€this€tracks€the€language€of€ABA€Standard€11„Š X Š2.3(b).€€The€Rules€Committee€has€added€a€specific€reference€toŠ “  Šthe€taking€of€buccal€samples,€which€is€implicit€in€the€ABAŠ ` ° ŠStandard€but€not€specifically€mentioned.€€Legislation€dealingŠ  \  Šwith€the€acquisition€and€retention€of€DNA€evidence€is€now€pendingŠ ø  Šin€the€General€Assembly.€€If€enacted,€the€Rules€Committee€andŠ d“  Šultimately€the€Court€will€need€to€consider€any€effect€it€may€haveŠ `  Šon€proposed€Rule€4„263€(f)(2)€and€(l).Š ¼  Šą  ąThe€ABA€Standard€allows€the€court€to€order€the€defendant€toŠ hø Šš šparticipate€in€other€reasonable€and€appropriate€procedures.šš€€ItŠ d Šalso€provides€that€the€courtššs€order€should€specify€theŠ Ą Šauthorized€procedure,€the€scope€of€the€defendantššs€participation,Š l¼ Šthe€name€or€job€title€of€the€person€who€is€to€conduct€theŠ h Šprocedure,€and€the€time,€duration,€place,€and€other€conditionsŠ Ä Šunder€which€the€procedure€is€to€be€conducted.€€Standard€11„2.3(d)Š pĄ  Šadds€that€the€court€š šshouldšš€issue€such€an€order€if€it€finds€thatŠ !l" Šthe€appearance€of€the€defendant€may€be€material€to€theŠ Č"$ Šdetermination€of€the€issues€in€the€case,€that€the€procedure€isŠ t$Ä& Šreasonable€and€will€be€conducted€in€a€manner€which€does€notŠ  &p!( Šinvolve€an€unreasonable€intrusion€of€the€body€or€affront€to€theŠ Ģ'#* Šdefendantššs€dignity,€and€the€request€is€reasonable.€€The€StandardŠ x)Č$, Šalso€provides€that€defense€counsel€may€be€present€at€theŠ $+t&. Šprocedure€unless,€with€respect€to€a€psychiatric€examination,€theŠ Š, (0 Šcourt€orders€otherwise.€€The€Rules€Committee€did€not€find€itŠ |.Ģ)2 Šnecessary€to€include€those€provisions.Š ° ŠÓÓĢÓÓņņRule€4„263€(g):€€Matters€Not€DiscoverableóóŠ 2‚ Šą  ąą ` ąņ ņRule€4„263€(g)ó ó€sets€forth€three€categories€ofŠ Ž. Šinformation€that€are€not€subject€to€discovery:€(1)€the€mentalŠ ¦ ö Šimpressions,€trial€strategy,€personal€beliefs,€or€otherŠ R ¢  Šprivileged€work€product€of€counsel,€(2)€any€other€information€orŠ ž N  Šmaterial€if€the€court€finds€that€its€disclosure€is€notŠ Ŗś  ŠConstitutionally€required€and€would€entail€a€substantial€risk€ofŠ V¦  Šharm€to€any€person€that€outweighs€the€interest€of€disclosure,€andŠ R Š(3)€the€identity€of€a€confidential€informant€unless€the€StateššsŠ ®ž ŠAttorney€intends€to€call€the€informant€as€a€witness€or€failure€toŠ ZŖ Šdisclose€the€informantššs€identity€would€infringe€a€ConstitutionalŠ V Šright€of€the€defendant.€€These€provisions€track€the€currentŠ ² Šversion€of€Rule€4„263(c).€€ABA€Standard€11„6.1€contains€somewhatŠ ^® Šsimilar€provisions€but€is€worded€differently.€€The€RulesŠ  Z ŠCommittee€prefers€its€recommended€approach.Š ¶ ŠÓÓĢÓÓņņRule€4„263€(h):€€Time€for€DiscoveryóóŠ 8!ˆ" Šą  ąą ` ąņ ņRule€4„263€(h)ó ó€requires€that,€unless€the€court€ordersŠ ä"4$ Šotherwise,€the€State€shall€make€its€discovery€within€30€daysŠ ¬$ü& Šafter€the€earlier€of€the€appearance€of€counsel€or€the€firstŠ X&Ø!( Šappearance€of€the€defendant€pursuant€to€Rule€4„213,€and€theŠ (T#* Šdefense€shall€make€its€discovery€no€later€than€30€days€before€theŠ °)%, Šfirst€scheduled€trial€date.€€The€Rules€Committee€believes€thisŠ \+¬&. Šapproach€is€consistent€with€ABA€Standards€11„2.1(a)€and€11„Š -X(0 Š2.2(a),€which€require€that€discovery€be€š šwithin€a€specified€andŠ ° Šreasonable€time€prior€to€trialšš€and€11„4.1,€which€recommends€thatŠ \¬ Šdiscovery€be€initiated€š šas€early€as€practicable€in€the€process,ššŠ X Šthat€disclosure€should€be€made€first€by€the€State,€and€thatŠ “  Šdiscovery€be€completed€so€that€š šeach€party€has€sufficient€time€toŠ ` ° Šuse€the€disclosed€information€adequately€to€prepare€for€trial.ššŠ  \  ŠÓÓĢÓÓņņRule€4„263€(i):€€Motion€to€Compel€Discoveryóó€Š ŽŽ  Šą  ąą ` ąņ ņRule€4„263€(i)ó ó€permits€a€party€to€file€a€motion€toŠ :Š  Šcompel€discovery€when€discovery€either€is€not€provided€at€all€orŠ R Šwhen€discovery€is€provided€but,€for€some€reason,€is€incomplete€orŠ ®ž Šinadequate.€€In€the€former€case,€the€motion€must€be€filed€withinŠ ZŖ Šten€days€after€discovery€was€due;€in€the€latter€case,€the€motionŠ V Šmust€be€filed€within€ten€days€after€the€inadequate€discovery€isŠ ² Šreceived.€€The€Rule€requires€the€motion€to€describe€theŠ ^® Šinformation€or€material€that€was€not€received€and€provides€thatŠ  Z Šthe€court€need€not€consider€such€a€motion€unless€the€moving€partŠ ¶ Šhas€filed€a€certificate€describing€good€faith€efforts€to€resolveŠ b ²! Šthe€dispute€and€attesting€that€the€parties€were€unable€to€reachŠ "^# Šagreement.€€This€provision€tracks€the€current€Rule.€€There€is€noŠ ŗ# % Šspecific€ABA€Standard€dealing€with€motions€to€compel.Š f%¶ ' ŠÓÓĢÓÓņņRule€4„263€(j):€€Continuing€Duty€to€DiscloseóóŠ č'8#* Šą  ąņ ņą ` ąRule€4„263€(j)ó óplaces€each€party€under€a€continuingŠ ”)ä$, Šduty€to€produce€discoverable€material€and€information€and€toŠ \+¬&. Šsupplement€earlier€responses.€€This€tracks€the€language€Ō_ŌofŠ -X(0 Šcurrent€Rule€4„263€(h)€and€is€consistent€with€ABA€Standard€11„Š ° Š4.1(c).Š \¬ ŠÓÓĢÓÓņņRule€4„263€(k):€€Manner€of€Providing€Discovery;€Material€Not€toŠ Ž. Šbe€Filed€with€CourtóóŠ Š Ś Šą  ą€€€€€€ņ ņRule€4„263€(k)ó ó€is€new.€€Current€Rule€4„263€does€notŠ 6 †  Šspecify€how€discovery€material€is€to€be€produced.€€ABA€StandardŠ ž N  Š11„4.2€provides€that€disclosure€should€be€accomplished€in€anyŠ Ŗś  Šmanner€mutually€agreeable€to€the€parties,€and,€in€default€of€anŠ V¦  Šagreement,€provides€for€notice€to€the€other€side€when€theŠ R Šmaterial€may€be€inspected.€€Rule€4„263€(k)€is€generallyŠ ®ž Šconsistent€with€that€approach.€€It€permits€the€parties€to€agreeŠ ZŖ Šon€the€manner€of€providing€discovery€but€requires€that€theŠ V Šparties€file€with€the€court€a€statement€of€their€agreement,€soŠ ² Šthere€is€a€record€of€it.€€The€Rule€also€provides€a€method€inŠ ^® Šdefault€of€an€agreement,€that€being€service€of€the€discovery€onŠ  Z Šthe€other€party€and€the€filing€of€a€notice€that€reasonablyŠ ¶ Šidentifies€the€information€and€material€provided€and€states€theŠ b ²! Šdate€and€manner€of€service.€Š "^# Šą  ąIt€was€not€uncommon€in€Maryland,€when€there€was€no€agreementŠ ŗ# % Šor€understanding€to€the€contrary,€for€the€parties,€responding€toŠ f%¶ ' Ša€formal€request,€to€file€discovery€material€with€the€court.€€TheŠ 'b") ŠRules€Committee€believes€that€this€should€no€longer€be€allowed,Š ¾($+ Šunless€ordered€by€the€court.€€For€one€thing,€it€is€not€necessaryŠ j*ŗ%- Što€clutter€up€court€files€with€discovery€material.€€It€is€aŠ ,f'/ Šburden€on€the€clerks€to€have€to€deal€with€and€retain€suchŠ Ā-)1 Šmaterial.€€Equally€important,€discovery€material€often€containsŠ ° Špersonal€and€identifying€information€regarding€victims€andŠ \¬ Šwitnesses€that€need€not€be€placed€in€public€court€records.€€TheŠ X ŠCourt€had€to€face€this€issue€when€dealing€with€the€RulesŠ “  Šgoverning€access€to€court€records.€€Rule€2„401€(d)(2)€precludesŠ ` ° Šthe€filing€of€discovery€in€civil€cases,€and€the€CommitteeŠ  \  Šbelieves€the€same€approach€should€be€followed€in€criminal€cases.Š ø  ŠņņÓÓĢRule€4„263€(l):€€RetentionóóÓÓŠ :Š  Šą  ąą ` ą€Unlike€in€civil€cases,€however,€there€is€a€greaterŠ ę6 Šneed€in€criminal€cases€for€discovery€material€to€be€retained€inŠ ’ā Šthe€event€of€a€retrial€or€for€post„conviction€proceedings.€€ThereŠ >Ž Šis€no€ABA€Standard€in€this€regard.€€In€ņ ņRule€4„263€(l)ó ó,€the€RulesŠ ź: ŠCommittee€proposes€that€each€party€be€required€to€retain€theŠ ² Šoriginal€of€the€discovery€material€it€generated€for€the€shorterŠ ^® Šof€(Ō_ŌiŌ_Ō)€the€sentence€imposed€on€the€defendant,€or€(ii)€theŠ  Z Šretention€period€under€the€retention€and€disposal€schedule€thatŠ ¶ Šwould€have€been€applicable€had€the€material€been€filed€with€theŠ b ²! Šcourt.Š "^# Šą  ąThere€are€a€number€of€issues€that€need€to€be€addressed€inŠ ŗ# % Šthis€regard,€but,€in€the€Rules€Committeeššs€view,€they€requireŠ f%¶ ' Šfurther€study€and€do€not€need€to€be€resolved€at€this€time.€€MuchŠ 'b") Šof€the€discovery€material€to€which€Rules€4„262€and€4„263€applyŠ ¾($+ Šwill€likely€end€up€as€exhibits€in€the€case,€and€any€retentionŠ j*ŗ%- Šrequirement€under€the€discovery€Rules€will€have€to€take€accountŠ ,f'/ Šof€and€be€synchronized€with€the€requirements€for€preservingŠ Ā-)1 ŠŌ_Ōevidence.€€Some€prosecutors€are€scanning€documents€at€the€end€ofŠ ° Štrial€and€destroying€the€paper.€€The€originals€are€not€beingŠ \¬ Špreserved€because€of€space€requirements.€€It€is€not€clear€whatŠ X Šhappens€in€the€24€subdivisions€with€respect€to€physical€itemsŠ “  Šsuch€as€drugs,€weapons,€perishable€items,€bulky€items€š!š€who€keepsŠ ` ° Šthem€and€for€how€long.€€Maryland€Code,€šš8„201€(i)€of€the€CriminalŠ  \  ŠProcedure€Article€requires€the€State€to€preserve€scientificŠ ø  Ševidence€containing€DNA€material€for€a€period€of€three€yearsŠ d“  Šafter€imposition€of€sentence,€but€permits€a€court€to€require€aŠ `  Šlonger€retention;€šš8„201€(j),€however,€permits€the€State€toŠ ¼  Šdispose€of€such€evidence€sooner€under€certain€circumstances.€Š hø ŠRetention€may€be€a€problem€as€well€for€defense€counsel,€who€areŠ d Šnot€subject€to€any€State„authorized€retention€schedule.Š Ą Šą  ąThe€Rules€Committee€recommends€this€as€a€separate€area€to€beŠ l¼ Šfurther€investigated€but€is€comfortable€with€proposed€Rule€4„263Š h Š(l)€for€the€time€being.Š Ä ŠņņóóÓÓĢņņRule€4„263€(m):€€Protective€OrdersóóÓÓŠ F –! Šą  ąņ ņą ` ąRule€4„263€(m)ó ó€permits€a€party€or€person€from€whomŠ ņ!B# Šdiscovery€is€sought€to€seek€a€protective€order€and€permits€theŠ ŗ# % Šcourt€to€restrict€specified€disclosures€in€any€manner€thatŠ f%¶ ' Šjustice€requires.€€Section€(m)€also€permits€an€in€cameraŠ 'b") Šproceeding€with€respect€to€such€a€request,€but€requires€that€aŠ ¾($+ Šrecord€be€made€of€both€in€court€and€in€camera€proceedings.€€UponŠ j*ŗ%- Šthe€entry€of€an€order€granting€relief,€all€confidential€portionsŠ ,f'/ Šof€the€in€camera€proceeding€are€to€be€sealed,€preserved€in€theŠ Ā-)1 Šcourt€records,€and€be€made€available€to€the€appellate€court€inŠ ° Šthe€event€of€an€appeal.€€These€provisions€are€generallyŠ \¬ Šconsistent€with€ABA€Standards€11„6.5€(protective€orders)€and€11„Š X Š6.7€(in€camera€proceedings).€€Standard€11„6.5€is€somewhat€moreŠ “  Šspecific.€€It€provides€that,€on€a€showing€of€cause,€the€court€mayŠ ` ° Šorder€š šthat€specified€disclosures€be€restricted,€conditioned€onŠ  \  Šcompliance€with€protective€measures,€or€deferred,€or€make€suchŠ ø  Šother€order€as€is€appropriate.ššŠ d“  ŠĢņņŠ  ¼  ŠRule€4„263€(n):€€SanctionsóóŠ ° Šą  ąņ ņą ` ąRule€4„263€(n)ó ó€provides€a€range€of€sanctions€that€aŠ \¬ Šcourt€may€impose€for€a€violation€of€the€Rule.€€They€areŠ $t Šconsistent€with€current€Rule€4„263€(i)€and€ABA€Standard€11„7.1.Š Š  ŠĢņņABA€Standards€Not€Addressed€in€Proposed€Rule€4„263óóą x ąŠ ( x  Šą  ąThere€are€a€number€of€ABA€Standards€that€are€not€addressedŠ Ō$  Šat€all€in€proposed€Rule€4„263.€€They€are€as€follows:Š €Š  Šą  ąą ` ą(1)€ņ ņStandard€11„3.1ó ó€allows€a€court,€on€motion€and€forŠ ,|  Šgood€cause,€to€issue€compulsory€process€(i)€to€obtain€documentsŠ ōD Šand€other€tangible€items€in€the€possession€of€third€parties,€(ii)Š  š Što€allow€the€entry€on€property€owned€or€controlled€by€thirdŠ Lœ Šparties,€(iii)€to€obtain€from€a€third€party€fingerprints,Š ųH Šphotographs,€handwriting€exemplars,€or€voice€exemplars,€specimensŠ ¤ō Šof€blood,€urine,€saliva,€breath,€hair,€nails,€or€other€bodilyŠ P  Šmaterials,€or€(iv)€to€require€third€parties€to€submit€to€aŠ üL Šreasonable€physical€or€medical€inspection€of€the€body€orŠ Øų  Šparticipate€in€other€reasonable€and€appropriate€procedures.€€TheŠ T!¤" ŠStandard€sets€forth€procedures€for€the€issuance€of€such€an€order.Š #P$ Šą  ąą ` ąAs€noted,€Rule€4„264€permits€the€court,€on€motion€ofŠ ¬$ü& Šany€party,€to€issue€a€subpoena€commanding€a€person€to€produce€forŠ X&Ø!( Šinspection€and€copying€designated€documents,€recordings,Š (T#* Šphotographs,€or€other€tangible€things,€not€privileged,€which€mayŠ °)%, Šconstitute€or€contain€evidence€relevant€to€the€action.€€TheŠ \+¬&. ŠMaryland€Rules€have€not€gone€beyond€that€provision;€nor€was€theŠ -X(0 ŠRules€Committee€asked€to€propose€such€an€extension.Š ° ŠThis€is€a€matter€that€extends€beyond€the€reciprocal€discoveryŠ \¬ Šobligations€of€the€parties€and€can€be€separately€investigated€byŠ X Šthe€Rules€Committee.Š “  Šą  ąą ` ą(2)€ņ ņStandard€11„3.2ó ó€provides€a€procedure€to€be€followedŠ ` ° Šif€either€party€intends€to€destroy€or€transfer€out€of€itsŠ ( x  Špossession€objects€or€information€otherwise€discoverable.€€TheŠ Ō$  Šonly€example€given€in€the€ABA€Commentary€to€that€Standard€is€whenŠ €Š  Šthe€prosecution€intends€to€conduct€tests€which€will€consume€orŠ ,|  Šdestroy€the€evidence,€thereby€precluding€the€defense€fromŠ Ų( Šconducting€its€own€tests,€in€which€event€the€ABA€notes€thatŠ „Ō Šappropriate€arrangements€must€be€made€to€protect€the€interests€ofŠ 0€ Šboth€sides.€€There€was€no€request€that€the€Rules€CommitteeŠ Ü, Šconsider€this€matter.€€As€noted€above,€šššš8„201(i)€and€(j)€of€theŠ ˆŲ ŠCriminal€Procedure€Article€contain€specific€requirements€for€theŠ 4„ Špreservation€of€scientific€identification€evidence€containing€DNAŠ ą0 Šmaterial.€€Š ŒÜ  Šą  ąą ` ą(3)€ņ ņStandard€11„5.1ó ó€provides€for€depositions€toŠ 8!ˆ" Šperpetuate€testimony.€€Rule€4„261€does€likewise.€€Š #P$ Šą  ąą ` ą(4)€ņ ņStandard€11„5.2ó ó€requires€a€court,€on€motion,€toŠ ¬$ü& Šorder€a€discovery€deposition€of€any€person€other€than€theŠ t&Ä!( Šdefendant€under€certain€conditions.€€The€Rules€Committee€was€notŠ  (p#* Šasked€to€propose€a€Rule€permitting€or€controlling€discoveryŠ Ģ)%, Šdepositions.Š x+Č&. Šą  ąą ` ą(5)€ņ ņStandard€11„6.2ó ó€states€that€the€fact€that€a€Ō_ŌpartyŠ $-t(0 Šhas€indicated€during€the€discovery€process€an€intent€to€offerŠ ° Šspecified€evidence€or€to€call€a€specified€witness€is€notŠ \¬ Šadmissible€in€evidence.€€The€Rules€Committee€views€this€as€a€ruleŠ X Šof€evidence,€not€a€discovery€rule.€€It€was€not€asked€to€proposeŠ “  Šsuch€a€Rule€and€did€not€consider€one.Š ` ° Šą  ąą ` ą(6)€ņ ņStandard€11„6.3ó ó€prohibits€the€parties€from€advisingŠ  \  Špersons€who€have€relevant€material€or€information€to€refrain€fromŠ Ō$  Šdiscussing€the€case€with€opposing€counsel€or€otherwise€impedingŠ €Š  Šopposing€counselššs€investigation€of€the€case.€€The€RulesŠ ,|  ŠCommittee€was€not€asked€to€propose€such€a€Rule€and€did€notŠ Ų( Šconsider€one.Š „Ō Šą  ąą ` ą(7)€ņ ņStandard€11„6.4ó ó€provides€that€materials€furnishedŠ 0€ Što€an€attorney€in€discovery€should€be€used€only€for€purposes€ofŠ ųH Špreparation€and€trial€of€the€case€and€should€be€subject€to€anyŠ ¤ō Šconditions€the€court€may€provide.€€The€Rules€Committee€was€notŠ P  Šasked€to€propose€such€a€Rule€but€notes€that€limitations€on€theŠ üL Šuse€of€discovery€material€can€