’WPC‡ W“¤¦on—Ox øļĀōŒśĖ+„ƒŠĒĄ>—±Ą%Õ’Jg—믮’A£»qłÖ~ZW “hTNJŌp+źŁnž·żIģį?OrõGn£ŖŸKAĆĆį?”oĒnŌß²ū3 ›³bĆÉf=¶Pī|“£Ijv‹NµN›g (B š źÖEĶg†³¤öĮ³­¬ŗ=Ą.4ÆRØiAözų€m$ć]ÆöpŽ'mJx{!“X„ųč‰EĄ9ŪjLķögN?7tW{ Šwv闋#„ęē=„4}[Į½  öl`‹łtYf+ł–Õ%€F‚źb\ōS“ĘŹ;Ł"Ū¼—Bižå{óPƒ3å Æ“’–ęŲ\µ š>œ@:b3VŪ '…łžA.’jQ֟āV2¶iIĄ5͉Q† ®@—••{­³ņiĆź|tļifVĄŁ%‘ĻY0+Ē£/€Kˆx;B8Ą£oĀ™Ö<æ“¢PŃļ}¾ņ’Z‰ó¾Ę#Q e[ƒ ēų²Ó§žÉāĀÖūäM1®;o§Zćp9śØ[]Ū{ė(‘4‘éY›†kwøīe®ÉĘņūäĶ:ė2=„"?A‘ūK·xżĶz£%#Į–UNW %„ 0:«åU8ķ^ %w145IX mZNqUFsU6¹UFļ 1u5 72ŖbÜÜ 1äääääääq˜Adobe PDFČ,,,,Č0(ÖĆ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$””ŌUSUS.,Ō <4šŪ 9Z+‹ Courier New ¬‚1ā aaģ0ź:i¢×+003|xw’U‹’ĄĄĄ<4šŪ 9Z+‹.Courier New Regular<4šŪ 9Z+‹Courier New<4šŪ 9Z+.Courier New Regular3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)- ł-(¦ŁCEMU]emu}AutoList1(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) Ń ° ŃŻ ƒüœ!ŻŌUSUS.,ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌŃX°ŃŌ€XoœXXXŌŃ€ŃŃ8€`rXXdédČ8ŃŃ  Ńą@ø ø ģąņņIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€MARYLANDóóˆŠ ° ŠĢĢĢĢĢą@ ģąņņR€U€L€E€S€€€O€R€D€E€RóóˆŠ ŗ  ŠĢĢĢÓÓą  ąThe€Judicial€Ethics€Committee€and€this€Courtššs€StandingŠ  f  ŠCommittee€on€Rules€of€Practice€and€Procedure€jointly€havingŠ Ä  Šsubmitted€to€the€Court€of€Appeals€the€Report€of€the€JudicialŠ rĀ  ŠEthics€Committee€and€One€Hundred€Fifty„Third€Report€of€the€RulesŠ  p  ŠCommittee,€transmitting€thereby€the€proposed€rescission€ofŠ Ī Šcurrent€Rules€16„813€and€16„814€and€the€adoption€in€their€placeŠ |Ģ Šof€new€Rules€16„812.1€(Judicial€Ethics€Committee),€16„813Š *z Š(Maryland€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct),€and€16„814€(Maryland€Code€ofŠ Ų( ŠConduct€for€Judicial€Appointees)€of€the€Maryland€Rules€ofŠ †Ö ŠProcedure;€proposed€amendments€to€Rules€4„327,€5„605,€16„815,€16„Š 4„ Š816,€and€17„105€of€the€Maryland€Rules€of€Procedure;€and€proposedŠ ā2 Šamendments€to€Rules€3.5€and€8.2€of€the€Maryland€[Lawyersšš]€RulesŠ ą  Šof€Professional€Conduct,€all€as€set€forth€in€that€ReportŠ >!Ž" Špublished€in€the€ņņMaryland€Registeróó,€Vol.€31,€Issue€15,€pages€1151Š ģ"<$ Š„€1181€(July€23,€2004);€andŠ ž$ī& ŠĢą  ąThis€Court€having€considered€at€an€open€meeting,€notice€ofŠ ś'J#* Šwhich€was€posted€as€prescribed€by€law,€all€of€the€proposed€rulesŠ Ø)ų$, Šchanges,€together€with€the€comments€received,€and€making€certainŠ V+¦&. Šdeletions€and€additions€to€the€proposed€rules€changes€on€its€own€Š  -T(0 Šmotion,€it€is€this€2ņņndóó€of€December,€2004Š ° ŠĢą  ąORDERED,€by€the€Court€of€Appeals€of€Maryland,€that€currentŠ  \ ŠRules€16„813€and€16„814€be,€and€they€are€hereby,€rescinded,Š ŗ  Šeffective€July€1,€2005;€and€it€is€furtherŠ h ø ŠĢą  ąORDERED€that€new€Rules€16„812.1,€16„813,€and€16„814€be,€andŠ Ä  Šthey€are€hereby,€adopted€in€the€form€attached€to€this€Order;€andŠ rĀ  Šit€is€furtherŠ  p  ŠĢą  ąORDERED€that€amendments€to€Rules€4„327,€5„605,€16„815,€16„Š |Ģ Š816,€and€17„105€and€Rules€3.5€and€8.2€in€Appendix:€Maryland€RulesŠ *z Šof€Professional€Conduct€be,€and€they€are€hereby,€adopted€in€theŠ Ų( Šform€previously€published;€and€it€is€furtherŠ †Ö ŠĢą  ąORDERED€that€new€Rules€16„812.1,€16„813,€and€16„814€shallŠ ā2 Štake€effect€on€July€1,€2005€and€that€new€Rule€16„813€(MarylandŠ ą  ŠCode€of€Judicial€Conduct)€shall€govern€the€conduct€of€judges€fromŠ >!Ž" Šand€after€said€date€and€new€Rule€16„814€(Maryland€Code€of€ConductŠ ģ"<$ Šfor€Judicial€Appointees)€shall€govern€the€conduct€of€judicialŠ š$ź& Šappointees€from€and€after€said€date;€provided,€however,€that€theŠ H&˜!( ŠMaryland€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct€set€forth€in€current€Rule€16„Š ö'F#* Š813€shall€continue€in€full€force€and€effect€and€shall€govern€theŠ ¤)ō$, Šconduct€of€judges€until€July€1,€2005,€and€judges€shall€continueŠ R+¢&. Šon€and€after€July€1,€2005€to€be€subject€to€discipline€for€Š  -P(0 Šviolations€of€that€Code€occurring€prior€to€July€1,€2005;€andŠ ° Šfurther€provided€that€the€Code€of€Conduct€for€Judicial€AppointeesŠ ^® Šset€forth€in€current€Rule€16„814€shall€continue€in€full€force€andŠ  \ Šeffect€and€shall€govern€the€conduct€of€judicial€appointees€untilŠ ŗ  ŠJuly€1,€2005,€and€judicial€appointees€shall€continue€on€and€afterŠ h ø ŠJuly€1,€2005€to€be€subject€to€discipline€for€violations€of€thatŠ  f  ŠCode€occurring€prior€to€July€1,€2005;€and€it€is€furtherŠ Ä  ŠĢą  ąORDERED€that€all€other€rules€changes€hereby€adopted€by€thisŠ  p  ŠCourt€shall€govern€the€courts€of€this€State€and€all€parties€andŠ Ī Štheir€attorneys€in€all€actions€and€proceedings,€and€shall€takeŠ |Ģ Šeffect€and€apply€to€all€actions€commenced€on€or€after€July€1,Š *z Š2005€and€insofar€as€practicable,€to€all€actions€then€pending;€andŠ Ų( Šit€is€furtherŠ †Ö ŠŌ_ŌŠ  4„ ŠŃ£XŃą  ąORDERED€that€a€copy€of€this€Order€be€published€in€the€nextŠ ° Šissue€of€the€ņņMaryland€Registeróó.Š ^® ŠÓÓĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąņņ/s/€Robert€M.€BellóóŠ ē7 Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąRobert€M.€BellŠ ¾  ŠĢĢĢĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąņņ/s/€Irma€S.€RakeróóŠ ń A  Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąIrma€S.€RakerŠ Č  ŠĢĢĢĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąņņ/s/€Alan€M.€Ō_ŌWilnerŌ_ŌóóŠ ūK Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąAlan€M.€Ō_ŌWilnerŌ_ŌŠ Ņ" ŠĢĢĢĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąņņ/s/€Dale€R.€Ō_ŌCathellŌ_ŌóóŠ U Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąDale€R.€Ō_ŌCathellŌ_ŌŠ Ü, ŠĢĢĢĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąņņ/s/€Glenn€T.€Ō_ŌHarrellŌ_Ō,€Jr.€óóŠ _ Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąGlenn€T.€Ō_ŌHarrellŌ_Ō,€Jr.Š ę6 ŠĢĢĢĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąņņ/s/€Lynne€A.€Ō_ŌBattagliaŌ_ŌóóŠ "i# Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąLynne€A.€Ō_ŌBattagliaŌ_ŌŠ š"@$ ŠĢĢĢĢą0  ąą0` (#(#ąą0ø ` (#` (#ąą0ø (#ø (#ąą0h(#(#ąą0Ąh(#h(#ąņņ/s/€Clayton€Greene,€Jr.óó€ą x ąą Š ąą @Š ąą @Š ąą @Š ąŠ #'s") ŠClayton€Greene,€Jr.Šś'J#*Ą(#Ą(# ŠĢFiled:€€December€2ņņóó,€2004Š Ø)ų$, ŠĢĢņņ/s/€Alexander€L.€CummingsóóŠ -,}'/ Š€€€€€€€€€€€€ClerkŠ -T(0 ŠCourt€of€Appeals€of€MarylandŠ Ū-+)1 Їą@˜ ˜ ģąMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆŠ ° ŠĢą@Œ Œ ģąTITLE€16€„€COURTS,€JUDGES,€AND€ATTORNEYSˆŠ ^® ŠĢą@˜ ˜ ģąCHAPTER€800€„€MISCELLANEOUSˆŠ  \ ŠĢĢą  ąADD€new€Rule€16„812.1,€as€follows:€Š ‘ į ŠĢĢRule€16„812.1.€€JUDICIAL€ETHICS€COMMITTEEŠ  f  ŠĢĢÓӀ€(a)€€DefinitionsŠ ›ė  Šą  ą€€In€this€Rule€the€following€definitions€apply€except€asŠ I™  Šexpressly€otherwise€provided€or€as€necessary€implicationŠ ÷G Šrequires:Š „õ Š€€€€(1)€€CommitteeŠ S£ Šą  ą€€€€š šCommitteešš€means€the€Judicial€Ethics€Committee.Š Q Š€€€€(2)€€Ethics€ProvisionŠ Æ’ Šą  ą€€€€š šEthics€provisionšš€means:Š ]­ Šą  ą€€(A)€a€provision€of€Code,€State€Government€Article,€TitleŠ  [ Š15,€Subtitle€5€or€6;Š ¹  Šą  ą€€(B)€as€to€a€judge,€also€a€provision€of€the€Maryland€CodeŠ g ·! Šof€Judicial€Conduct;€andŠ "e# Šą  ą€€(C)€as€to€a€judicial€appointee€as€defined€in€Rule€16„814,Š Ć#% Šalso€a€provision€of€the€Maryland€Code€of€Conduct€for€JudicialŠ q%Į ' ŠAppointees.Š 'o") Š€€€€(3)€€State€Official€in€Judicial€BranchŠ Ķ($+ Šą  ą€€€€š šState€official€in€the€Judicial€Branchšš€means€anŠ {*Ė%- Šindividual€who€is€in€the€Judicial€Branch€and€is€a€State€official,Š ),y'/ Šas€defined€in€Code,€State€Government€Article,€šš15„102.Š ×-')1 Š€€(b)€€CreationŠ ° Šą  ą€€There€is€a€Judicial€Ethics€Committee.Š ^® Š€€(c)€€CompositionŠ  \ Šą  ą€€The€Committee€consists€of€nine€members€appointed€by€theŠ ŗ  ŠChief€Judge€of€the€Court€of€Appeals.€€Of€the€nine€members:€Š h ø Š€€€€(1)€one€shall€be€a€judge€of€the€Court€of€Special€Appeals;€Š  f  Š€€€€(2)€two€shall€be€circuit€court€judges;Š Ä  Š€€€€(3)€two€shall€be€judges€of€the€District€Court;€Š rĀ  Š€€€€(4)€one€shall€be€a€judge€of€an€orphansšš€court;Š  p  Š€€€€(5)€one€shall€be€a€clerk€of€a€circuit€court;РΠЀ€€€(6)€one€shall€be€a€judicial€appointee€as€defined€in€Rule€Š |Ģ Š16„814;€andŠ *z Š€€€€(7)€one€shall€not€be€a€judge€or€other€officer€or€employee€ofŠ Ų( Šthe€Judicial€Branch€of€the€State€governmentŌ‡XoœXXXoœŌ€or€a€lawyer.€Š †Ö Š€€(d)€€TermŠ 4„ Š€€€€(1)€€The€term€of€a€member€is€three€years€and€begins€on€JulyŠ ā2 Š1.Š ą  Š€€€€(2)€€The€terms€of€the€members€shall€be€staggered€so€that€theŠ >!Ž" Šterms€of€three€members€expire€each€year.Š ģ"<$ Š€€€€(3)€€At€the€end€of€a€term,€a€member€continues€to€serve€untilŠ š$ź& Ša€successor€is€appointed.Š H&˜!( Š€€€€(4)€€A€member€who€is€appointed€after€a€term€has€begun€servesŠ ö'F#* Šonly€for€the€rest€of€the€term€and€until€a€successor€is€appointed.Š ¤)ō$, Š€€€€(5)€€A€member€appointed€on€or€after€July€1,€2005,€may€notŠ R+¢&. Šserve€more€than€two€consecutive€three„year€terms.ą  ąŠ -P(0 Š€€(e)€€Chair€and€Vice€ChairŠ ° Šą  ą€€The€Chief€Judge€of€the€Court€of€Appeals€shall€designateŠ ^® Šone€judicial€member€as€the€Chair€of€the€Committee€and€oneŠ  \ Šjudicial€member€as€the€Vice€Chair.€€In€the€absence€or€disabilityŠ ŗ  Šof€the€Chair€or€upon€an€express€delegation€of€authority€by€theŠ h ø ŠChair,€the€Vice€Chair€shall€have€the€authority€and€perform€theŠ  f  Šduties€of€the€Chair.Š Ä  Š€€(f)€€Meetings€Š rĀ  Šą  ą€€The€Committee€shall€meet€at€the€times€and€places€that€theŠ  p  ŠChair€directs.РΠЀ€(g)€€QuorumŠ |Ģ Šą  ą€€The€presence€of€a€majority€of€the€members€then€servingŠ *z Šconstitutes€a€quorum€for€the€transaction€of€all€business€otherŠ Ų( Šthan€adjournment€of€a€meeting€for€lack€of€a€quorum.Š †Ö Š€€(h)€€Committee€StaffŠ 4„ Šą  ą€€The€Committee€shall€have€staff€as€the€State€CourtŠ ā2 ŠAdministrator€directs.Š ą  Š€€(Ō_ŌiŌ_Ō)€€Duties€€Š >!Ž" Šą  ą€€In€addition€to€its€other€duties€imposed€by€law,€theŠ ģ"<$ ŠCommittee:€€Š š$ź& Š€€€€(1)€shall€give€advice,€as€provided€in€this€Rule,€with€respectŠ H&˜!( Što€the€application€or€interpretation€of€the€Maryland€Code€ofŠ ö'F#* ŠJudicial€Conduct€and€the€Maryland€Code€of€Conduct€for€JudicialŠ ¤)ō$, ŠAppointees;Š R+¢&. Š€€€€(2)€is€designated€as€the€body€to€give€advice€with€respect€to€Š  -P(0 Šthe€application€or€interpretation€of€any€provision€of€Code,€StateŠ ° ŠGovernment€Article,€Title€15,€Subtitles€5€and€6,€to€a€StateŠ ^® Šofficial€in€the€Judicial€Branch;Š  \ Š€€€€(3)€shall€review€timely€appeals€from€the€State€CourtŠ ŗ  ŠAdministratorššs€decision€not€to€extend,€under€Rule€16„815€or€Š h ø Š16„816,€the€period€for€filing€a€financial€disclosure€statement;Š  f  Š€€€€(4)€shall€determine,€under€Rule€16„815€f€or€Rule€16„816€g,Š Ä  Šwhether€to€allow€a€judge€or€judicial€appointee€to€correct€aŠ rĀ  Šdeficiency€as€to€a€financial€disclosure€statement€or€to€refer€theŠ  p  Šmatter,€as€to€a€judge,€to€the€Commission€on€Judicial€DisabilitiesŠ Ī Šor,€as€to€a€judicial€appointee,€to€the€State€Ethics€Commission;Š |Ģ ŠandŠ *z Š€€€€(5)€shall€submit€to€the€Court€of€Appeals€recommendations€forŠ Ų( Šnecessary€or€desirable€changes€in€any€ethics€provision.€€Š †Ö Š€€(j)€€Opinions€and€Letters€of€AdviceŠ 4„ Š€€€€(1)€€RequesterŠ ā2 Šą  ą€€€€A€request€for€the€opinion€of€the€Committee€may€be€madeŠ ą  Šonly€by:Š >!Ž" Š€€€€€€(A)€a€State€official€in€the€Judicial€Branch,€as€to€theŠ ģ"<$ Šproper€interpretation€of€an€ethics€provision€as€applied€to€thatŠ š$ź& ŠState€official;€orŠ H&˜!( Šą  ą€(B)€the€Chief€Judge€of€the€Court€of€Appeals,€as€to€theŠ ö'F#* Šproper€interpretation€of€an€ethics€provision.Š ¤)ō$, Š€€€€(2)€€Form€of€Request€Š R+¢&. Šą  ą€€€€Each€request€for€an€opinion€of€the€Committee€shall:Š -P(0 Š€€€€€€(A)€be€in€writing;Š ° Šą  ą€(B)€describe€the€act€or€activity€about€which€the€opinion€isŠ ^® Šrequested;Š  \ Šą  ą€(C)€include€all€documentation€or€other€informationŠ ŗ  Šnecessary€for€the€Committee€to€perform€its€function,€which€mayŠ h ø Šinclude€citation€to€rules,€statutes,€and€published€opinions€ofŠ  f  Šthe€Committee€that€the€requester€believes€to€be€relevant€to€theŠ Ä  Šrequest;€andŠ rĀ  Š€€€€€€(D)€include€an€address€to€which€the€Committee€shall€directŠ  p  Šcorrespondence.РΠЀ€€€(3)€€OpinionŠ |Ģ Šą  ą€€€€The€Committee€may€render€an€opinion,€in€writing,€withŠ *z Šregard€to€any€request€made€under€this€Rule€and€shall€decideŠ Ų( Šwhether€an€opinion€is€to€be€published€or€unpublished.€€The€ChairŠ †Ö Šshall€cause€to€be€prepared€an€edited€version€of€each€opinionŠ 4„ Šdesignated€to€be€published,€in€which€the€identity€and€specificŠ ā2 Šcourt€or€geographical€location€of€the€requester€and€the€identityŠ ą  Šof€other€persons€mentioned€in€the€opinion€shall€not€be€Ō#†XoœXXXoœW%#ŌŌ‡XoœXXXoœŌdisclosedŌ#†XoœXXXoœ;#ŌŌ‡XoœXXXoœŌŠ >!Ž" Šand€shall€have€the€opinion€published€in€the€manner€that€the€StateŠ ģ"<$ ŠCourt€Administrator€deems€proper.€€€Š š$ź& Š€€€€(4)€€Letter€of€AdviceŠ H&˜!( Šą  ą€€€€If€the€Chair€decides€that€the€full€Committee€cannotŠ ö'F#* Šprovide€a€timely€written€opinion€or€that€prior€opinions€of€theŠ ¤)ō$, ŠCommittee€render€full€Committee€review€unnecessary,€a€panel€ofŠ R+¢&. Šnot€less€than€three€members€appointed€by€the€Chair€may€issue€a€Š  -P(0 Šwritten€letter€of€advice,€which€shall€not€be€published€and€shallŠ ° Šhave€no€precedential€effect.€Š ^® Š€€€€(5)€€Protection€from€a€Charge€of€ViolationŠ  \ Šą  ą€€€€A€State€official€in€the€Judicial€Branch€who€requests€anŠ ŗ  Šopinion€as€to€application€of€an€ethics€provision€and€is€inŠ h ø Šcompliance€with€an€opinion€of,€or€letter€of€advice€issued€for,Š  f  Šthe€Committee€is€protected€from€a€charge€of€violation€of€thatŠ Ä  Šethics€provision.Š rĀ  ŠÓÓCommittee€note:€€The€Judicial€Ethics€Committee€noted€that,€givenŠ  p  Šthe€binding€effect€of€opinions,€they€generally€should€be€issuedŠ ÷G Šonly€to€a€State€official€in€the€Judicial€Branch€requesting€adviceŠ Ī Šas€to€the€officialššs€own€conduct.€€This€practice€would€avoidŠ „õ Šcomment€either€on€hypothetical€conduct€or€conduct€incompletely€orŠ |Ģ Šinaccurately€described.€€However,€there€may€be€instances,€such€asŠ S£ Šthose€in€which€an€opinion€would€affect€numerous€State€officialsŠ *z Šin€the€Judicial€Branch€or€the€implementation€of€administrativeŠ Q Šduties,€that€make€it€appropriate€to€have€a€mechanism€forŠ Ų( Šrequesting€an€interpretation€of€an€ethics€provision€but€not€anŠ Æ’ Šopinion€as€to€its€application.€€Therefore,€language€in€formerŠ †Ö ŠMaryland€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct€(1987),€Canon€7€suggesting€thatŠ ]­ Špersons€other€than€a€State€official€in€the€Judicial€Branch€couldŠ 4„ Šrequest€an€opinion€has€been€omitted,€but€a€provision€for€theŠ  [ ŠChief€Judge€of€the€Court€of€Appeals€to€request€guidance€onŠ ā2 Šinterpretation€has€been€added.€€The€addition€is€patterned€on€theŠ ¹  Špractice€for€requesting€an€opinion€from€the€Attorney€General.Š ą  ŠĢÓӀ€€€(6)€€Filing;€ConfidentialityŠ >!Ž" Šą  ą€€€€The€Chair€shall€file€with€the€State€Court€AdministratorŠ ģ"<$ Ševery€opinion€of,€and€letter€of€advice€issued€for,€the€Committee.€Š š$ź& ŠA€request€and€the€letter€of€advice€or€the€opinion,€other€than€theŠ H&˜!( Šedited€version€designated€to€be€published,€filed€in€response€areŠ ö'F#* Šconfidential€and,€unless€otherwise€directed€by€the€Court€ofŠ ¤)ō$, ŠAppeals€or€required€by€law,€are€not€public€information.€€Š R+¢&. ŠÓÓŠ  -P(0 ŠCross€reference:€€See€Rule€16-813€(Maryland€Code€of€JudicialŠ ° ŠConduct)€and€Rule€16„814€(Maryland€Code€of€Conduct€for€JudicialŠ ‡× ŠAppointees).€€Š ^® ŠĢSource:€€This€Rule€is€derived€from€former€Maryland€Code€ofŠ  \ ŠJudicial€Conduct€(1987),€Canon€7,€as€it€was€set€forth€in€formerŠ ć3 ŠRule€1231€(renumbered€Rule€16„813€by€Rules€Order€dated€JanuaryŠ ŗ  Š18,€1996,€effective€July€1,€1996).Š ‘ į ŠĢŌ#†XoœXXXoœZ;#ŌŌ‡XoœXXXoœŌŠ  ?   Šą@˜ ˜ ģąMARYLAND€RULES€OF€PROCEDUREˆŠ ° ŠĢą@Œ Œ ģąTITLE€16€„€COURTS,€JUDGES,€AND€ATTORNEYSˆŠ ^® ŠĢą@˜ ˜ ģąCHAPTER€800€„€MISCELLANEOUSˆŠ  \ ŠĢĢą  ąADD€new€Rule€16„813,€as€follows:Š ‘ į ŠĢĢRule€16-813.€€MARYLAND€CODE€OF€JUDICIAL€CONDUCT€Š  f  ŠĢĢą@  &ģąPreambleˆŠ ›ė  ŠĢĢÓÓą  ąIt€is€fundamental€to€our€legal€system€that€our€laws€beŠ  p  Šinterpreted€by€a€competent,€fair,€honorable,€and€independent€Š Ī Šjudiciary.€€Such€a€judiciary€is€essential€to€the€American€conceptŠ |Ģ Šof€justice.€€Intrinsic€to€all€sections€of€this€Code€are€theŠ *z Šprecepts€that,€individually€and€collectively,€judges€must€honorŠ Ų( Šand€respect€the€judicial€office€as€a€public€trust€and€strive€toŠ †Ö Šenhance€and€maintain€public€confidence€in€our€legal€system.€€AŠ 4„ Šjudge,€as€arbiter€of€facts€and€law€for€the€resolution€ofŠ ā2 Šdisputes,€is€a€highly€visible€symbol€of€government€under€the€ruleŠ ą  Šof€law.Š >!Ž" Šą  ąThis€Code€sets€forth€basic€standards€for€the€conduct€of€allŠ ģ"<$ Šjudges€and€provides€guidance€in€establishing€and€maintaining€highŠ š$ź& Šstandards€of€judicial€and€personal€conduct.šŠ H&˜!( Šą  ąThis€Code€consists€of€a€Terminology€section,€Canons,€whichŠ ö'F#* Šset€forth€specific€rules€of€conduct,€and€Comments,€which€provideŠ ¤)ō$, Šguidance€on€the€purpose€and€meaning€of€the€Canons€but€are€notŠ R+¢&. Šintended€as€statements€of€additional€rules.Š -P(0 Šą  ąWhen€š šshallšš€or€š šshall€notšš€is€used€in€the€text€of€a€Canon,Š ° Šit€is€intended€to€impose€a€binding€obligation,€the€violation€ofŠ ^® Šwhich€can€result€in€disciplinary€action.€€When€š šshouldšš€orŠ  \ Šš šshould€notšš€is€used,€the€text€is€intended€as€hortatory€and€as€aŠ ŗ  Šstatement€of€what€is€or€is€not€appropriate€conduct€but€not€as€aŠ h ø Šbinding€obligation€under€which€a€judge€may€be€disciplined.€€WhenŠ  f  Šš šmayšš€is€used,€it€denotes€permissible€discretion€or,€depending€onŠ Ä  Šthe€context,€refers€to€action€that€is€not€covered€by€specificŠ rĀ  Šprohibitions.Š  p  Šą  ąEven€as€to€binding€obligations,€however,€it€is€not€intendedŠ Ī Šthat€every€transgression€result€in€disciplinary€action.€€WhetherŠ |Ģ Šdisciplinary€action€is€appropriate,€and€the€degree€of€disciplineŠ *z Što€be€imposed,€should€depend€on€factors€such€as€the€seriousnessŠ Ų( Šof€the€transgression,€whether€the€transgression€is€isolated€orŠ †Ö Špart€of€a€pattern€of€improper€activity,€and€the€effect€of€theŠ 4„ Šimproper€activity€on€others€or€on€the€judicial€system.Š ā2 Šą  ąThe€Canons€are€rules€of€reason€that€should€be€applied€in€theŠ ą  Šcontext€of€all€relevant€circumstances€and€in€a€manner€that€isŠ >!Ž" Šconsistent€with€constitutional€requirements,€statutes,€otherŠ ģ"<$ Šcourt€rules,€and€decisional€law.€€This€Code€should€be€construedŠ š$ź& Šin€a€way€that€neither€infringes€on€the€essential€independence€ofŠ H&˜!( Šjudges€in€making€judicial€decisions€nor€discourages€candidatesŠ ö'F#* Šfrom€seeking€judicial€office.Š ¤)ō$, Šą  ąThis€Code€includes€a€structure€for€regulating€conductŠ R+¢&. Šthrough€disciplinary€agencies,€when€appropriate.€€It€is€notŠ -P(0 ŠŌ_Ōintended€to€be€a€basis€for€civil€liability€or€criminalŠ ° Šprosecution.€€This€Code€should€not€be€invoked€for€mere€tacticalŠ ^® Šadvantage€in€a€proceeding.Š  \ Šą  ąIn€interpreting€this€Code,€attention€should€be€given€to€theŠ ŗ  Šopinions€of€the€Judicial€Ethics€Committee€and,€if€appropriate,Š h ø Šthe€Committee€should€be€asked€for€a€written€letter€of€advice€or€aŠ  f  Šbinding€opinion.Š Ä  ŠÓÓCommittee€note:€€This€Code€replaces€the€Maryland€Code€of€JudicialŠ rĀ  ŠConduct€originally€adopted€by€Rules€Order€dated€November€21,Š I™  Š1986,€effective€July€1,€1987,€as€amended€from€time€to€timeŠ  p  Š(š šMaryland€Code€(1987)šš).€€This€Code€is€derived€from€the€MarylandŠ ÷G ŠCode€(1987)€and€the€Model€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct€adopted€by€theŠ Ī ŠAmerican€Bar€Association€in€2000,€with€amendments€in€August€2003.€Š „õ ŠThe€derivation€of€particular€provisions€of€this€Code€is€describedŠ |Ģ Šin€greater€detail€in€the€Source€Note€at€the€end€of€this€Code.Š S£ ŠĢą  ąThe€Judicial€Ethics€Committee€has€published€opinions€onŠ Q Šissues€such€as€a€judge€owning€commercial€real€estate€(permissibleŠ Ų( Šonly€if€no€appearance€of€impropriety€would€result),€accepting€anŠ Æ’ Šexpense„paid€trip,€and€granting€a€stet€or€probation€conditionedŠ †Ö Šon€a€criminal€defendant€making€a€monetary€donation.€€Adminis„Š ]­ Štrative€Orders€of€the€Chief€Judge€of€the€Court€of€Appeals€alsoŠ 4„ Šmay€provide€guidance.€€For€example,€as€to€the€anti„nepotismŠ  [ Špolicy€of€the€Judicial€Branch,€see€the€Orders€dated€October€3,Š ā2 Š1996€and€January€31,€1997.Š ¹  ŠĢĢŠ  >!Ž" Šą@XX%ģąTerminologyˆŠ ° ŠĢą  ąņņTerms€explained€below€are€noted€in€boldface€type€in€theŠ ^® ŠCanons€and€Comments€where€they€appear.óóŠ 7‡ ŠĢĢÓÓą  ąIn€this€Code€the€following€definitions€apply€except€asŠ ¾  Šexpressly€otherwise€provided€or€as€necessary€implicationŠ l ¼ Šrequires:Š  j  Š€€(a)€€FiduciaryŠ Č  Šą  ą€€š šņ ņFiduciaryó 󚚀includes€administrator,€attorney„in„fact€byŠ vĘ  Špower€of€attorney,€executor,€guardian,€personal€representative,Š <Œ  Šand€trustee.€Š ź: ŠÓÓCross€reference:€€See€Canons€3D€(1)€(c)€and€(2)€and€4E.€€For€aŠ ˜č Šdefinition€of€š šguardian,šš€see€Rule€1„202€(j).Š oæ ŠĢÓӀ€(b)€€GiftŠ m Šą  ą€€š šņ ņGiftó 󚚀has€the€meaning€stated€in€Code,€State€GovernmentŠ Ė ŠArticle,€šš15„102.€Š ‘į ŠÓÓCross€reference:€€See€Canon€4D€(5).€€Š ? ŠĢÓӀ€(c)€€HonorariumŠ ķ= Šą  ą€€š šņ ņHonorariumó 󚚀has€the€meaning€stated€in€Code,€StateŠ › ė! ŠGovernment€Article,€šš15„102.Š a"±# Š€€(d)€€Impartial,€Impartiality,€or€ImpartiallyŠ $_% Šą  ą€€š šņ ņImpartialó ó,šš€š šņ ņimpartialityó ó,šš€or€š šņ ņimpartiallyó 󚚀denotesŠ ½% !' Šabsence€of€bias€or€prejudice€in€favor€of,€or€against,€a€party€orŠ ƒ'Ó") Šclass€of€parties,€as€well€as€maintaining€an€open€mind€inŠ 1)$+ Šconsidering€each€issue€that€is€or€may€come€before€the€judge.Š ß*/&- ŠÓÓCross€reference:€€See€Canons€2A;€3A,€B€(9),€and€D€(1);€4A€(1);Š ,Ż'/ Šand€5B€(1)(a)€and€(d).Š d-“(0 ŠŠ ;.‹)1 ŠÓӀ€(e)€€Knowingly,€Knowledge,€Known,€or€KnowsŠ ° Šą  ą€€ņ ņš šKnowingly,šš€š šknowledge,šš€š šknown,ššó ó€or€ņ ņš šknowsššó ó€means€actualŠ ^® Šknowledge€of€the€fact€in€question.€€Actual€knowledge€may€beŠ $t Šinferred€from€circumstances.€€Š Ņ " ŠÓÓCross€reference:€€See€Canons€3D€(1)(a),€(c),€and€(d)(i),€(ii),Š € Š Š(iii),€and€(iv)€and€F€(2)€and€(3)€and€5B€(1)(e).Š W §  ŠĢÓӀ€(f)€€Member€of€Judgeššs€FamilyŠ U  Šą  ą€€š šņ ņMember€of€the€judgeššs€familyó 󚚀means€a€spouse,€child,Š ³  Šgrandchild,€parent,€grandparent,€or€other€relative€or€individualŠ yÉ  Šwith€whom€a€judge€maintains€a€close€familial€relationship.€€Š 'w ŠÓÓCross€reference:€€See€Canons€3D€(1)(c)€and€4E€(1)(b)€and€(d)€andŠ Õ% ŠG€(1).Š ¬ü ŠĢÓӀ€(g)€€Member€of€Judgeššs€HouseholdŠ ZŖ Šą  ą€€š šņ ņMember€of€the€judgeššs€householdó 󚚀has€the€meaning€statedŠ X Šin€Code,€State€Government€Article,€šš15„102€for€š šmember€ofŠ Ī Šhousehold.šš€€Š |Ģ ŠCross€reference:€€See€Canons€3D€(2)€and€4D€(5).Š *z Š€€(h)€€Political€OrganizationŠ Ų(  Šą  ą€€š šņ ņPolitical€organizationó 󚚀means€a€political€party€or€otherŠ †!Ö" Šgroup,€the€principal€purpose€of€which€is€to€further€the€electionŠ L#œ$ Šor€appointment€of€one€or€more€candidates€to€political€office.€€Š ś$J & ŠCross€reference:€€See€Canon€5B€(1)(b)€and€(c).Š Ø&ų!( Š€€(i)€€RequireŠ V(¦#* Šą  ą€€š šņ ņRequire,ó 󚚀in€the€context€that€a€judge€š šņ ņrequireó 󚚀certainŠ *T%, Šconduct€of€others,€means€that€the€judge€is€to€take€reasonableŠ Ź+'. Šsteps€to€direct€and€control€the€conduct€of€those€persons.€€Ō_ŌŠ x-Č(0 ŠÓÓCross€reference:€€See€Canon€3B€(3),€(5),€(8),€and€(11)€and€C€(2).Š ° ŠĢÓӀ€(j)€€Significant€Financial€InterestŠ ^® Š€€€€(1)€€ņ ņš šSignificant€financial€interestššó ó€means€ownership€of:Š  \ Š€€€€€€(A)€an€interest€as€the€result€of€which€the€owner€hasŠ Ņ " Šreceived€within€the€past€three€years,€is€currently€receiving,€orŠ € Š Šin€the€future€is€entitled€to€receive,€more€than€$1,000€per€year;Š . ~  Š€€€€€€(B)€more€than€3%€of€a€business€entity;€or€Š Ü,  Šą  ą€(C)€a€security€of€any€kind€that€represents,€or€isŠ ŠŚ  Šconvertible€into,€more€than€3%€of€a€business€entity.Š 8ˆ  Š€€€€(2)€In€applying€this€definition:Š ę6 Š€€€€€€(A)€ownership€of€an€interest€in€a€mutual€or€commonŠ ”ä Šinvestment€fund€that€holds€a€security€is€not€ownership€of€theŠ B’ Šsecurity€unless:Š š@ Š€€€€€€€€(Ō_ŌiŌ_Ō)€the€judge€participates€in€the€management€of€the€fund;Š žī ŠorŠ Lœ Š€€€€€€€€(ii)€there€is€before€the€judge€a€proceeding€that€couldŠ śJ Šsubstantially€affect€the€value€of€the€interest,€or€suchŠ Øų  Šproceeding€is€imminent;Š V!¦" Š€€€€€€(B)€ownership€of€a€government€security€is€not€a€ņ ņsignificantŠ #T$ Šfinancial€interestó ó€in€the€issuer€unless€there€is€before€the€judgeŠ Ź$ & Ša€proceeding€that€could€substantially€affect€the€value€of€theŠ &ą!( Šsecurity,€or€such€proceeding€is€imminent;Š >(Ž#* Š€€€€€€(C)€neither€a€deposit€in€a€financial€institution€nor€aŠ ģ)<%, Šproprietary€interest€such€as€or€similar€to€that€of€a€depositor€inŠ š+ź&. Ša€mutual€savings€association,€member€in€a€credit€union,€or€policyŠ H-˜(0 Šholder€in€a€mutual€insurance€company€is€a€ņ ņsignificant€financialŠ ° Šinterestó ó€in€the€entity€unless€there€is€before€the€judge€aŠ vĘ Šproceeding€that€could€substantially€affect€the€value€of€theŠ <Œ Šdeposit€or€interest,€or€such€proceeding€is€imminent;€andŠ ź : Š€€€€€€(D)€an€ownership€interest€in€a€security€held€by€aŠ ˜ č Šcharitable,€civic,€educational,€fraternal€or€sororal,€orŠ F –  Šreligious€organization€will€not€be€imputed€to€a€judge€merelyŠ ōD  Šbecause€the€judge€or€the€judgeššs€child,€parent,€or€spouse€is€anŠ ¢ņ  Šadviser€to€or€director€or€officer€of,€or€otherwise€activelyŠ P   Šparticipates€in,€the€organization.€€Š žN ŠCross€reference:€€See€Canon€3D€(1)(c)€and€(d)(iii).Š ¬ü Š€€(k)€€Third€Degree€of€RelationshipŠ ZŖ Šą  ą€€š šņ ņThird€degree€of€relationshipó 󚚀means€the€relationshipŠ X Šbetween€a€judge€and€the€following€individuals:€a€great„Š Ī Šgrandparent,€grandparent,€parent,€uncle,€aunt,€brother,€sister,Š |Ģ Šchild,€grandchild,€great„grandchild,€nephew,€or€niece.€€Š *z ŠCross€reference:€€See€Canon€3D€(1)(d).Š Ų(  ŠĢĢŠ  ā$2 & ŠÓÓą@HH'ģąCANON€1ˆŠ ° ŠĢĢą@Ų Ų ģąIntegrity€and€Independence€of€the€JudiciaryˆŠ 5… ŠĢĢĢÓÓą  ąAn€independent€and€honorable€judiciary€is€indispensable€toŠ ‘ į Šjustice€in€our€society.€€A€judge€shall€observe€high€standards€ofŠ ?   Šconduct€so€that€the€integrity€and€independence€of€the€judiciaryŠ ķ =  Šwill€be€preserved.€€The€provisions€of€this€Code€are€to€beŠ ›ė  Šconstrued€and€applied€to€further€that€objective.Š I™  ŠÓÓĢ€€ą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ Ī ŠĢą  ąDeference€to€the€judgments€and€rulings€of€courts€dependsŠ |Ģ Šupon€public€confidence€in€the€integrity€and€independence€ofŠ S£ Šjudges.€€The€integrity€and€independence€of€judges€depend€in€turnŠ *z Šupon€their€acting€without€fear€or€favor.€€A€judiciary€ofŠ Q Šintegrity€is€one€in€which€judges€are€known€for€their€fairness,Š Ų( Šhonesty,€probity,€soundness€of€character,€and€uprightness.€€AnŠ Æ’ Šindependent€judiciary€is€one€free€of€inappropriate€outsideŠ †Ö Šinfluence.€€Although€judges€should€be€independent,€they€mustŠ ]­ Šcomply€with€the€law,€including€the€provisions€of€this€Code.€Š 4„ ŠPublic€confidence€in€the€ņ ņimpartialityó ó€of€the€judiciary€isŠ  [ Šmaintained€by€the€adherence€of€each€judge€to€this€responsibility.€Š ī> ŠConversely,€violation€of€this€Code€diminishes€public€confidenceŠ Å Šin€the€judiciary€and€thereby€does€injury€to€the€system€ofŠ œģ  Šgovernment€under€law.Š s Ć! ŠĢĢĢĢŠ  ¦$ö& ŠŃČŃą@HH'ģąCANON€2ˆŠ ° ŠĢĢą@TT ģąAvoidance€of€Impropriety€and€the€Appearance€of€ImproprietyˆŠ 5… ŠĢĢĢÓÓA.€€A€judge€shall€avoid€impropriety€and€the€appearance€ofŠ ‘ į Šimpropriety.€€A€judge€shall€respect€and€comply€with€the€law€andŠ ?   Šshall€act€at€all€times€in€a€manner€that€promotes€publicŠ ķ =  Šconfidence€in€the€ņ ņimpartialityó ó€and€integrity€of€the€judiciary.Š ›ė  ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ 8ˆ  ŠĢą  ąPublic€confidence€in€the€judiciary€is€eroded€by€Ō_ŌirresponsiŌ_Ō„Š ę6 ŠŌ_ŌbleŌ_Ō€or€improper€conduct€by€judges.€€A€judge€must€expect€to€be€theŠ ½  Šsubject€of€constant€public€scrutiny.€€A€judge€must€thereforeŠ ”ä Šaccept€restrictions€on€his€or€her€conduct€that€might€be€viewed€asŠ k» Šburdensome€by€the€ordinary€citizen€and€should€do€so€freely€andŠ B’ Šwillingly.€€Examples€are€the€restrictions€on€a€judgeššs€speechŠ i Šimposed€by€Canon€3B€(8)€and€(9)€that€are€indispensable€to€theŠ š@ Šmaintenance€of€the€ņ ņimpartialityó ó,€independence,€and€integrity€ofŠ Ē Šthe€judiciary.Š Ŗś ŠĢą  ąThe€obligation€to€avoid€impropriety€and€the€appearance€ofŠ XØ Šimpropriety€applies€to€both€the€professional€and€personal€conductŠ / Šof€a€judge.€€Because€it€is€not€practicable€to€list€all€prohibitedŠ V Šacts,€the€obligation€is€necessarily€cast€in€general€terms€thatŠ Ż- Šextend€to€conduct€by€judges€that€is€harmful€although€notŠ “  Šspecifically€mentioned€in€this€Code.€€Actual€improprieties€underŠ ‹ Ū! Šthis€standard€include€violations€of€law,€other€specificŠ b!²" Šprovisions€of€this€Code,€or€other€court€rules.€€The€test€forŠ 9"‰# Šappearance€of€impropriety€is€whether€the€conduct€would€create€inŠ #`$ Šreasonable€minds€a€perception€that€the€judgeššs€ability€to€carryŠ ē#7% Šout€judicial€responsibilities€with€competence,€ņ ņimpartialityó ó,€andŠ ¾$ & Šintegrity€is€impaired.€€See€also€the€Comment€to€Canon€2C.Š ”%ń ' ŠĢĢĢÓÓB.€€A€judge€shall€not€allow€judicial€conduct€to€be€improperlyŠ ż(M$+ Šinfluenced€or€appear€to€be€improperly€influenced€by€a€family,Š «*ū%- Špolitical,€social,€or€other€relationship€or€by€an€employment€Š Y,©'/ ŠŠ .W)1 Šoffer€or€opportunity.€€A€judge€shall€not€lend€or€use€the€prestigeŠ ° Šof€judicial€office€to€advance€the€private€interests€of€the€judgeŠ ^® Šor€others;€nor€shall€a€judge€convey€or€permit€others€to€conveyŠ  \ Šthe€impression€that€they€are€in€a€special€position€to€influenceŠ ŗ  Šjudicial€conduct.€€A€judge€shall€not€testify€voluntarily€as€aŠ h ø Šcharacter€witness.Š  f  Šą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ Ä  ŠÓÓą  ąMaintaining€the€prestige€of€judicial€office€is€essential€toŠ rĀ  Ša€system€of€government€in€which€the€judiciary€functionsŠ I™  Šindependently€of€the€executive€and€legislative€branches.€€RespectŠ  p  Šfor€the€judicial€office€facilitates€the€orderly€conduct€ofŠ ÷G Šlegitimate€judicial€functions.€€Judges€should€distinguish€betweenŠ Ī Šproper€and€improper€use€of€the€prestige€of€office€in€all€of€theirŠ „õ Šactivities.€€For€example,€it€would€be€improper€for€a€judge€toŠ |Ģ Šallude€to€his€or€her€judgeship€to€gain€a€personal€advantage,€suchŠ S£ Šas€deferential€treatment€when€stopped€by€a€police€officer€for€aŠ *z Štraffic€offense.€€Similarly,€judicial€letterhead€must€not€be€usedŠ Q Šfor€conducting€a€judgeššs€personal€business.Š Ų( ŠĢą  ąA€judge€also€must€avoid€lending€or€using€the€prestige€ofŠ †Ö Šjudicial€office€for€the€advancement€of€the€private€interests€ofŠ ]­ Šothers.€€For€example,€a€judge€must€not€use€the€judgeššs€judicialŠ 4„ Šposition€to€gain€advantage€in€a€civil€suit€involving€a€ņ ņmember€ofŠ  [ Šthe€judgeššs€familyó ó.€€As€to€the€acceptance€of€awards,€see€Canon€4D€Š ī> Š(5)(c)€and€the€accompanying€Comment.Š Ń! ŠĢą  ąAlthough€a€judge€should€be€sensitive€to€possible€abuse€ofŠ  Ļ! Šthe€prestige€of€office,€a€judge€may€serve€as€a€reference€orŠ V!¦" Šprovide€a€letter€of€recommendation€based€on€the€judgeššs€ownŠ -"}# Šņ ņknowledgešó ó.€€A€judge€must€not€initiate,€however,€a€personalŠ #T$ Šcommunication€of€information€to€a€sentencing€judge€or€a€Š ē#7% Šcorrections€or€probation€officer€but€may€provide€to€suchŠ ¾$ & Šofficials€information€for€the€record€in€response€to€a€formalŠ •%å ' Šrequest.Š l&¼!( ŠĢą  ąJudges€may€participate€in€the€process€of€judicial€selectionŠ (j#* Šby€cooperating€with€appointing€authorities€and€screeningŠ ń(A$+ Šcommittees€seeking€names€for€consideration.Š Č)%, ŠĢą  ąA€judge€must€not€testify€voluntarily€as€a€character€witnessŠ v+Ę&. Šbecause€to€do€so€may€lend€the€prestige€of€judicial€office€inŠ M,'/ Šsupport€of€the€party€for€whom€the€judge€testifies.€€A€judge€may,Š $-t(0 Šhowever,€testify€when€properly€subpoenaed.€Š ū-K)1 ЇCommittee€note:€€The€Judicial€Ethics€Committee€has€held€that€aŠ ° Šjudgeššs€judicial€and€non„judicial€activities€should€not€raiseŠ ‡× Šquestions€as€to€improper€favoritism,€partiality,€or€influence€dueŠ ^® Što€familial€or€social€connections,€indebtedness€(such€as€mightŠ 5… Šarise€through€referral€of€business€to€family€or€friend),Š  \ Špolitical€en‚dorsement,€accep‚tance€of€gifts,€fund„raising,€orŠ ć3 Šentrepreneurial€activities.Š ŗ  ŠĢĢÓÓC.€€A€judge€shall€not€hold€membership€in€any€organization€thatŠ ?   Špractices€invidious€discrimination€on€the€basis€of€nationalŠ ķ =  Šorigin,€race,€religion,€or€sex.€€Š ›ė  ŠÓÓą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ I™  ŠĢ€€€€Membership€of€a€judge€in€an€organization€that€practicesŠ ÷G Šinvidious€discrimination€on€the€basis€of€national€origin,€race,Š Ī Šreligion,€or€sex€gives€rise€to€perceptions€that€the€judge'sŠ „õ Šņ ņimpartialityó ó€is€impaired.€€It€is€therefore€inappropriate€for€aŠ |Ģ Šjudge€to€continue€to€hold€membership€in€an€organization€that€theŠ _Æ Šjudge€ņ ņknowsó ó,€or€reasonably€should€ņ ņknowó ó,€practices€and€willŠ 6† Šcontinue€to€practice€such€invidious€discrimination€so€as€to€giveŠ i Šrise€to€the€perception€that€the€judge's€ņ ņimpartialityó ó€is€impaired.€Š š@ ŠMembership€in€an€organization€would€not€be€prohibited€unless€thatŠ Ó# Šmembership€would€reasonably€give€rise€to€a€perception€ofŠ Ŗś Špartiality.€€Certain€organizations€š!š€such€as€congregationalŠ Ń Šbrotherhoods,€sisterhoods,€or€bowling€leagues€š!š€may€well€beŠ XØ Šrestricted€to€individuals€belonging€to€the€particularŠ / Šcongregation€and€therefore€to€those€sharing€a€particularŠ V Šreligious€belief,€but€it€is€unlikely€that€membership€in€such€anŠ Ż- Šorganization€would€cause€people€reasonably€to€believe€that€theŠ “  Šjudge€is€partial.Š ‹ Ū! ŠĢą  ąWhether€an€organization€practices€and€will€continue€toŠ 9"‰# Špractice€that€kind€of€invidious€discrimination€is€often€a€complexŠ #`$ Šquestion€to€which€judges€should€be€sensitive.€€The€answer€cannotŠ ē#7% Šbe€determined€merely€from€an€examination€of€an€organization'sŠ ¾$ & Šcurrent€membership€rolls€but€may€depend€on€(1)€the€nature€andŠ •%å ' Špurpose€of€the€organization,€(2)€any€restrictions€on€membership,Š l&¼!( Š(3)€the€history€of€the€organization's€selection€of€members,€andŠ C'“") Š(4)€other€relevant€factors€such€as€that€the€organization€isŠ (j#* Šdedicated€to€the€preservation€of€cultural,€ethnic,€or€religiousŠ ń(A$+ Švalues€of€legitimate€common€interest€to€its€members,€or€that€itŠ Č)%, Šis,€in€fact€and€effect,€an€intimate,€purely€private€organizationŠ Ÿ*ļ%- Šwhose€membership€limitations€could€not€be€constitutionallyŠ v+Ę&. Šprohibited.€€Absent€such€factors,€an€organization€is€generallyŠ M,'/ Šsaid€to€discriminate€invidiously€if€it€arbitrarily€excludes€fromŠ $-t(0 Šmembership,€on€the€basis€of€national€origin,€race,€religion,€orŠ ū-K)1 Šsex,€individuals€who€otherwise€would€be€admitted€to€membership.€€Š ° ŠĢą  ąAlthough€Canon€2C€relates€only€to€membership€in€Ō_ŌorganizaŌ_Ō„Š ^® ŠŌ_ŌtionsŌ_Ō€that€invidiously€discriminate€on€the€basis€of€nationalŠ 5… Šorigin,€race,€religion,€or€sex,€a€judge's€membership€in€anŠ  \ Šorganization€that€engages€in€any€discriminatory€membershipŠ ć3 Špractices€prohibited€by€the€law€of€the€jurisdiction€also€violatesŠ ŗ  ŠCanon€2A€and€gives€the€appearance€of€impropriety.€In€addition,€itŠ ‘ į Šwould€be€a€violation€of€Canon€2€for€a€judge€to€arrange€a€meetingŠ h ø Šat€a€club€that€the€judge€ņ ņknowsó ó€practices€invidious€discriminationŠ ?   Šon€the€basis€of€national€origin,€race,€religion,€or€sex,€in€itsŠ " r  Šmembership€or€other€policies,€or€for€the€judge€to€use€such€clubŠ ł I  Šregularly.€€Moreover,€public€manifestation€by€a€judge€of€theŠ Š  Šjudge's€ņ ņknowingó ó€approval€of€invidious€discrimination€on€any€basisŠ §÷  Šgives€the€appearance€of€impropriety€under€Canon€2€and€diminishesŠ ŠŚ  Špublic€confidence€in€the€ņ ņimpartialityó ó€and€integrity€of€theŠ a±  Šjudiciary,€in€violation€of€Canon€2A.Š D”  ŠĢą  ąWhen€a€judge€learns€that€an€organization€to€which€the€judgeŠ ņB Šbelongs€engages€in€invidious€discrimination€that€would€precludeŠ É Šmembership€under€Canon€2C€or€under€Canon€2A,€the€judge€isŠ  š Špermitted,€in€lieu€of€resigning,€to€make€immediate€efforts€toŠ wĒ Šhave€the€organization€discontinue€its€invidiously€discriminatoryŠ Nž Špractices,€but€is€required€to€suspend€participation€in€all€otherŠ %u Šactivities€of€the€organization.€€If€the€organization€fails€toŠ üL Šdiscontinue€its€invidiously€discriminatory€practices€as€promptlyŠ Ó# Šas€possible€(and€in€all€events€within€two€years€of€the€judge'sŠ Ŗś Šfirst€learning€of€the€practices),€the€judge€is€required€to€resignŠ Ń Šimmediately€from€the€organization.Š XØ ŠĢĢĢŃ€OYŃĢĢŠ  b!²" ŠŌ_Ōą@HH'ģąCANON€3ˆŠ ° ŠĢĢą@ä ä ģąPerformance€of€Judicial€DutiesˆŠ 5… ŠĢĢÓÓą  ąIn€the€performance€of€judicial€duties,€the€followingŠ ŗ  Šstandards€apply.Š h ø ŠĢA.€€GENERAL€RESPONSIBILITIES.Š Ä  Šą  ąA€judge€shall€perform€the€duties€of€judicial€office€Š rĀ  Šdiligently,€ņ ņimpartiallyó ó,€and€without€having€or€manifesting€biasŠ  p  Šor€prejudice,€including€bias€or€prejudice€based€on€age,Š ę6 Šdisability,€national€origin,€race,€religion,€sex,€sexualŠ ”ä Šorientation,€or€socioeconomic€status.€šŠ B’ ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ Ē ŠĢą  ąA€judge€must€perform€judicial€duties€fairly€and€ņ ņimpartiallyó ó.Š uÅ ŠA€judge€who€manifests€bias€of€any€kind€in€a€proceeding€impairsŠ XØ Šthe€fairness€of€the€proceeding€and€brings€the€judiciary€intoŠ / Šdisrepute.€€Facial€expression€and€body€language,€in€addition€toŠ V Šoral€communication,€can€give€an€appearance€of€judicial€bias.€€AŠ Ż- Šjudge€must€be€alert€to€avoid€behavior€that€may€be€perceived€asŠ “  Šprejudicial.€€For€example,€a€judge€must€refrain€from€comment,Š ‹ Ū! Šgesture,€or€other€conduct€that€could€reasonably€be€perceived€asŠ b!²" Šsexual€harassment.Š 9"‰# ŠĢĢĢB.€€ADJUDICATIVE€RESPONSIBILITIES.Š •%å ' Š€€Š l&¼!( ŠÓÓą  ą(1)€A€judge€shall€be€faithful€to€the€law€and€maintainŠ C'“") Šprofessional€competence€in€it.Š ń(A$+ Šą  ą(2)€A€judge€shall€not€be€swayed€by€partisan€interests,Š Ÿ*ļ%- Špublic€clamor,€or€fear€of€criticism.Š M,'/ Šą  ą(3)€A€judge€shall€ņ ņrequireó ó€order€and€decorum€in€proceedingsŠ ū-K)1 Šbefore€the€judge.Š ° Šą  ą(4)€A€judge€shall€be€dignified.€Š ^® Šą  ą(5)€A€judge€shall€be€courteous€to€and€patient€with€jurors,Š  \ Šlawyers,€litigants,€witnesses,€and€others€with€whom€the€judgeŠ ŗ  Šdeals€in€an€official€capacity€and€shall€ņ ņrequireó ó€similar€conductŠ h ø Šof€lawyers€and€of€court€officials,€staff,€and€others€subject€toŠ . ~  Šthe€judge's€direction€and€control.Š Ü,  ŠÓÓą@ģģ*ģąˆĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ a±  ŠĢą  ąThe€duty€to€hear€all€proceedings€fairly€and€with€patience€isŠ _ Šnot€inconsistent€with€the€duty€to€dispose€promptly€of€theŠ ę6 Šbusiness€of€the€court.€€Judges€can€be€businesslike€and€efficientŠ ½  Šwhile€being€deliberate€and€patient.Š ”ä ŠĢÓÓą  ą(6)€(a)€€A€judge€shall€accord€to€every€person€who€has€aŠ B’ Šlegal€interest€in€a€proceeding€pending€before€the€judge,€or€thatŠ š@ Špersonššs€lawyer,€the€right€to€be€heard€according€to€law.Š žī Š€€€€€€(b)€€While€presiding€over€a€proceeding,€a€judge€shallŠ Lœ Šneither€initiate,€permit,€or€consider€ņņex€parteóó€communications€norŠ śJ Šconsider€other€communications€made€to€the€judge€outside€theŠ ¬ü  Špresence€of€the€parties€concerning€a€pending€or€impendingŠ Z!Ŗ" Šproceeding,€except€as€otherwise€provided€in€Canon€3B€(6).Š #X$ Šą  ą(c)€ņņEx€parteóó€communications€that€relate€to€scheduling€orŠ ¶$ & Šother€administrative€purposes€or€emergencies€and€not€toŠ h&ø!( Šsubstantive€matters€or€issues€on€the€merits€are€authorized,€if:Š (f#* Š(i)€circumstances€require;€(ii)€the€judge€reasonably€believesŠ Ä)%, Šthat€no€party€will€gain€a€procedural€or€tactical€advantage€as€aŠ r+Ā&. Šresult€of€the€communication;€(iii)€the€judge€makes€provisionŠ  -p(0 Špromptly€to€notify€all€other€parties€as€to€the€substance€of€theŠ ° Šņņex€parteóó€communication;€and€(iv)€the€judge€affords€the€partiesŠ ^® Šreasonable€opportunity€to€respond.Š ` Šą  ą(d)€With€the€consent€of€the€parties,€a€judge€may€conferŠ ¾  Šseparately€with€the€parties€and€their€lawyers€in€an€effort€toŠ l ¼ Šmediate€or€settle€matters€pending€before€the€judge.Š  j  Šą  ą(e)€A€judge€may€obtain€the€advice€of€a€disinterested€expertŠ Č  Šon€the€law€applicable€to€a€proceeding€if€the€judge:€(i)€makesŠ vĘ  Šprovision€promptly€to€notify€all€of€the€parties€as€to€the€expertŠ $t  Šconsulted€and€the€substance€of€the€advice;€and€(ii)€affords€theŠ Ņ" Šparties€reasonable€opportunity€to€respond.Š €Š Šą  ą(f)€A€judge€may€consult€with€court€personnel€whose€functionŠ .~ Šis€to€aid€the€judge€in€carrying€out€the€judgeššs€adjudicativeŠ Ü, Šresponsibilities€and€with€other€judges.Š ŠŚ Šą  ą(g)€A€judge€may€initiate€or€consider€an€ņņex€parteóóŠ 8ˆ Šcommunication€when€expressly€authorized€by€law€to€do€so.Š ź: ŠĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ F!–" ŠÓÓą  ąThe€prohibition€against€communications€concerning€aŠ ō"D$ Šproceeding€includes€communications€from€lawyers,€law€teachers,Š Ė#% Šand€other€persons€who€are€not€participants€in€the€proceeding,Š ¢$ņ& Šexcept€to€the€limited€extent€permitted.€Š y%É ' ŠĢą  ąTo€the€extent€practicable,€all€parties€or€their€lawyers€mustŠ ''w") Šbe€included€in€communications€with€a€judge.Š ž'N#* ŠĢą  ąWhenever€Canon€3B€(6)€requires€the€presence€of,€or€noticeŠ ¬)ü$, Što,€a€party,€it€is€the€partyššs€lawyer€or,€if€the€party€isŠ ƒ*Ó%- Šunrepresented,€the€party€who€is€to€be€present€or€to€whom€noticeŠ Z+Ŗ&. Šis€to€be€given.Š 1,'/ ŠĢŠ  ß-/)1 Šą  ąAn€appropriate€and€often€desirable€procedure€for€a€court€toŠ ° Šobtain€the€advice€of€a€disinterested€expert€on€legal€issues€is€toŠ ‡× Šinvite€the€expert€to€file€a€brief€ņņamicus€curiaeóó.Š ^® ŠĢą  ąCanon€3B€(6)€allows€for€limited€ņņex€parteóó€communication€toŠ ^ Šfacilitate€scheduling€and€other€administrative€purposes€and€toŠ ē7 Šaccommodate€emergencies.€€Even€then,€however,€a€judge€mustŠ ¾  Šdiscourage€ņņex€parteóó€communication€and€allow€it€only€if€all€of€theŠ • å Šcriteria€stated€in€Canon€3B€(6)€clearly€are€met.€€A€judge€mustŠ n ¾ Šdisclose€to€all€parties€all€ņņex€parteóó€communication€described€inŠ E •  ŠCanon€3B€(6)(c)€and€(e)€regarding€a€proceeding€pending€orŠ  n  Šimpending€before€the€judge.Š õ E  ŠĢą  ąA€judge€must€not€independently€investigate€facts€in€a€caseŠ £ó  Šand€must€consider€only€the€evidence€presented,€except€matters€ofŠ zŹ  Šwhich€the€court€properly€can€take€judicial€notice.Š Q”  ŠĢą  ąA€judge€may€request€a€party€to€submit€proposed€findings€ofŠ ’O Šfact€and€conclusions€of€law€if€all€of€the€other€parties€areŠ Ö& Šapprised€of€the€request€and€given€an€opportunity€to€respond€toŠ ­ż Šthe€proposed€findings€and€conclusions.Š „Ō ŠĢą  ąA€judge€must€make€reasonable€efforts,€including€theŠ 2‚ Šprovision€of€appropriate€supervision,€to€ensure€that€Canon€3B€(6)Š  Y Šis€not€violated€through€law€clerks€or€other€personnel€on€theŠ ą0 Šjudgeššs€staff.Š · ŠĢą  ąIf€communication€between€a€trial€judge€and€appellate€courtŠ eµ Šwith€respect€to€a€proceeding€is€permitted,€a€copy€of€all€writtenŠ <Œ Šcommunications€and€the€substance€of€all€oral€communicationsŠ c Šshould€be€provided€to€all€parties.Š ź: ŠĢĢÓÓą  ą(7)€A€judge€shall€dispose€of€the€business€of€the€courtŠ o æ! Šefficiently,€fairly,€and€promptly.Š "m# ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ ¢$ņ& ŠĢą  ąPrompt€disposition€of€the€court's€business€requires€a€judgeŠ P& !( Što€devote€adequate€time€to€judicial€duties,€to€be€punctual€inŠ ''w") Šattending€court€and€expeditious€in€determining€matters€underŠ ž'N#* Šsubmission,€and€to€insist€that€court€officials€and€litigants€andŠ Õ(%$+ Štheir€lawyers€cooperate€to€that€end.€€Š ¬)ü$, ŠĢÓÓą  ą(8)€A€judge€shall€abstain€from€public€comment€that€relatesŠ Z+Ŗ&. Što€a€proceeding€pending€or€impending€in€any€court€and€that€mightŠ -X(0 Šreasonably€be€expected€to€affect€the€outcome€of€that€proceedingŠ ° Šor€to€impair€the€fairness€of€that€proceeding€and€shall€ņ ņrequireó óŠ ^® Šsimilar€abstention€on€the€part€of€court€personnel€subject€to€theŠ $t Šjudge's€direction€and€control.€€Canon€3B€(8)€does€not€prohibit€aŠ Ņ " Šjudge€from€making€public€statements€in€the€course€of€officialŠ € Š Šduties€or€from€explaining€for€public€information€the€proceduresŠ . ~  Šof€the€court.Š Ü,  ŠÓÓą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ ŠŚ  ŠĢą  ą"Court€personnel"€does€not€include€the€lawyers€in€aŠ 8ˆ  Šproceeding€before€a€judge.€The€conduct€of€lawyers€in€this€regardŠ _ Šis€governed€by€Rule€3.6€of€the€Maryland€[Lawyers']€Rules€ofŠ ę6 ŠProfessional€Conduct.Š ½  ŠĢĢÓÓą  ą(9)€With€respect€to€a€case,€controversy,€or€issue€that€isŠ B’ Šlikely€to€come€before€the€court,€a€judge€shall€not€make€aŠ š@ Šcommitment,€pledge,€or€promise€that€is€inconsistent€with€theŠ žī Šņ ņimpartialó ó€performance€of€the€adjudicative€duties€of€the€office.Š Lœ ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ é9 ŠĢą  ąCanon€3B€(8)€and€(9)€restrictions€on€a€judgeššs€speech€areŠ — ē! Šessential€to€the€maintenance€of€the€ņ ņimpartialityó ó,€independence,Š n!¾" Šand€integrity€of€the€judiciary.€€A€pending€proceeding€is€one€thatŠ Q"”# Šhas€begun€but€not€yet€reached€final€disposition.€€An€impendingŠ (#x$ Šproceeding€is€one€that€is€anticipated€but€not€yet€begun.€€TheŠ ’#O% Šrequirement€that€a€judge€abstain€from€public€comment€regarding€aŠ Ö$& & Špending€or€impending€proceeding€continues€during€any€appellateŠ ­%ż ' Šprocess€and€until€final€disposition.Š „&Ō!( ŠĢÓÓą  ą(10)€At€the€conclusion€of€a€jury€trial,€the€judge€shall€notŠ 2(‚#* Šcommunicate€to€the€jury€the€judgeššs€praise€or€criticism€of€theŠ ą)0%, Šverdict€but€may€thank€the€jurors€for€their€public€service.Š Ž+Ž&. ŠÓÓŠ  <-Œ(0 ŠŃOYŃā āѰ°Ńā āŃ  Ńą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ ° ŠĢą  ąCommending€or€criticizing€jurors€for€their€verdict€may€implyŠ ^® Ša€judicial€expectation€in€future€cases€and€may€impair€a€jurorššsŠ 5… Šability€to€be€fair€and€ņ ņimpartialó ó€in€a€subsequent€case.Š  \ ŠĢÓÓą  ą(11)€A€judge€shall€ņ ņrequireó ó€lawyers€in€proceedings€before€theŠ Ę  Šjudge€to€refrain€from€manifesting,€by€word€or€conduct,€bias€orŠ Œ Ü Šprejudice€based€upon€age,€disability,€national€origin,€race,Š : Š  Šreligion,€sex,€sexual€orientation,€or€socioeconomic€status.€Š č8  ŠCanon€3B€(11)€does€not€preclude€legitimate€advocacy€when€suchŠ –ę  Šstatus€or€other€similar€factor€is€an€issue€in€a€proceeding.€€Š D”  Šą  ą(12)€Unless€recusal€is€appropriate,€a€judge€shall€hear€andŠ ņB Šdecide€matters€assigned€to€the€judge.Š  š ŠÓÓCross€reference:€€As€to€court€records,€see€Title€16,€Chapter€1000Š Nž Šof€the€Maryland€Rules.€€As€to€prohibitions€against,€and€penaltiesŠ %u Šfor,€improper€disclosure€or€use€of€information€by€governmentŠ üL Šofficials€and€employees,€see€Code,€State€Government€Article,Š Ó# Ššššš15„507€and€15„903.€€As€to€civil€and€criminal€provisionsŠ Ŗś Šgoverning€improper€disclosure€of€information,€see,€e.g.,€Code,Š Ń ŠState€Government€Article,€šššš10„626€and€10„627€(public€records)Š XØ Šand€Code,€Tax„General€Article,€šš13„1018€(tax€information).Š / ŠĢĢĢÓÓC.€ADMINISTRATIVE€RESPONSIBILITIES.Š ‹ Ū! Šą  ą(1)€A€judge€shall€discharge€the€judge's€administrativeŠ 9"‰# Šresponsibilities€without€favoritism€or€nepotism€and€shallŠ ē#7% Šcooperate€with€other€judges€and€court€officials€in€theŠ •%å ' Šadministration€of€court€business.Š C'“") Šą  ą(2)€A€judge€shall€ņ ņrequireó ó€court€officials,€staff,€and€othersŠ ń(A$+ Šsubject€to€the€judgeššs€direction€and€control€to€observe€theŠ ·*&- Šstandards€of€diligence€and€fidelity€that€apply€to€the€judge€andŠ e,µ'/ Što€refrain€from€manifesting€bias€or€prejudice€in€the€performanceŠ .c)1 Šof€their€official€duties.Š ° Šą  ą(3)€A€judge€with€supervisory€authority€for€the€judicialŠ ^® Šperformance€of€other€judges€shall€take€reasonable€measures€toŠ  \ Šensure€the€prompt€disposition€of€matters€before€those€judges€andŠ ŗ  Šthe€proper€performance€of€their€other€judicial€responsibilities.Š h ø Šą  ą(4)€A€judge€shall€not€make€unnecessary€appointments€andŠ  f  Šshall€not€approve€compensation€of€appointees€beyond€the€fairŠ Ä  Švalue€of€services€rendered.€€Š rĀ  ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ ÷G ŠĢ€€€€€€Consent€by€the€parties€to€an€appointment€or€an€award€ofŠ „õ Šcompensation€does€not€relieve€a€judge€of€the€obligationŠ |Ģ Šprescribed€by€Canon€3C€(4).Š S£ Šą  ąĢÓÓĢD.€€RECUSAL.Š Æ’ Šą  ą(1)€A€judge€shall€recuse€himself€or€herself€from€aŠ ]­ Šproceeding€in€which€the€judge's€ņ ņimpartialityó ó€might€reasonably€beŠ  [ Šquestioned,€including€an€instance€when:Š Ń! Šą  ąą ` ą(a)€the€judge€has€a€personal€bias€or€prejudiceŠ  Ļ! Šconcerning€a€party€or€a€partyššs€lawyer€or€extra„judicialŠ -"}# Šņ ņknowledgeó ó€of€a€disputed€evidentiary€fact€concerning€theŠ Ū#+% Šproceeding;€€Š ”%ń ' Šą  ąą ` ą(b)€the€judge€served€as€a€lawyer€in€the€matter€inŠ O'Ÿ") Šcontroversy,€or€a€lawyer€with€whom€the€judge€previously€practicedŠ ż(M$+ Šlaw€served€during€such€association€as€a€lawyer€concerning€theŠ «*ū%- Šmatter,€or€the€judge€has€been€a€material€witness€concerning€it;Š Y,©'/ ŠÓÓŠ  .W)1 Šą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ ° ŠĢą  ąA€lawyer€in€a€governmental€agency€does€not€necessarily€haveŠ ^® Šan€association€with€other€lawyers€employed€by€that€agency€withinŠ 5… Šthe€meaning€of€Canon€3D€(1)(b);€a€judge€formerly€employed€by€aŠ  \ Šgovernmental€agency,€however,€should€not€participate€in€aŠ ć3 Šproceeding€if€the€judge's€ņ ņimpartialityó ó€might€reasonably€beŠ ŗ  Šquestioned€because€of€such€association.€€Š  ķ ŠĢÓÓą  ąą ` ą(c)€the€judge€ņ ņknowsó ó€that€he€or€she,€individually€or€asŠ K ›  Ša€ņ ņfiduciaryó ó,€or€a€ņ ņmember€of€the€judgeššs€familyó ó,€has€aņ ņ€significantŠ a  Šfinancial€interestó ó€in€the€subject€matter€in€controversy€or€in€aŠ ×'  Šparty€to€the€proceeding;Š ķ  ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ "r ŠĢą  ąThere€may€be€situations€that€involve€a€lesser€financialŠ Š  Šinterest€but€nonetheless€require€recusal€because€of€the€judge'sŠ §÷ Šown€sense€of€propriety.€Š ~Ī ŠĢÓÓą  ąą ` ą(d)€the€judge,€the€judgeššs€spouse,€an€individual€withinŠ ,| Šthe€ņ ņthird€degree€of€relationshipó ó€to€either€of€them,€or€the€spouseŠ Ś* Šof€such€an€individual:Š  š Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ą(i)€is€ņ ņknownó ó€to€be€a€party€to€the€proceeding€or€aŠ Nž Šdirector,€officer,€or€trustee€of€a€party;€€Š  d  Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ą(ii)€is€ņ ņknownó ó€to€be€acting€as€a€lawyer€in€theŠ Ā!" Šproceeding;Š ˆ#Ų$ ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ  &]!' ŠĢą  ąThe€fact€that€a€lawyer€in€a€proceeding€is€affiliated€with€aŠ »' #) Šlaw€firm€with€which€a€lawyer-relative€of€a€judge€is€affiliatedŠ ’(ā#* Šdoes€not€of€itself€require€recusal€of€the€judge.€€UnderŠ i)¹$+ Šappropriate€circumstances,€the€fact€that€"the€judge'sŠ @*%, Šņ ņimpartialityó ó€might€reasonably€be€questioned"€under€Canon€3D€(1),€Š  +g&- Šor€that€the€lawyer-relative€is€ņ ņknownó ó€by€the€judge€to€have€anŠ ° Šinterest€in€the€law€firm€that€could€be€"substantially€affected€byŠ “ć Šthe€proceeding"€under€Canon€3D€(1)(d)(iii),€may€require€theŠ jŗ Šjudge's€recusal.Š A‘ ŠĢÓÓą  ąą ` ąą ø ą(iii)€is€ņ ņknownó ó€by€the€judge€to€have€a€ņ ņsignificantŠ ļ? Šfinancial€interestó ó€that€could€be€substantially€affected€by€theŠ µ  Šproceeding;€or€€Š { Ė  Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ą(iv)€is€to€the€judge's€ņ ņknowledgeó ó€likely€to€be€aŠ )y  Šmaterial€witness€in€the€proceeding;€orŠ ļ?  Šą  ąą ` ą(e)€the€judge,€while€a€judge€or€a€candidate€forŠ ķ  Šjudicial€office,€has€made€a€public€statement€that€commits,€orŠ K› Šappears€to€commit,€the€judge€with€respect€to:Š łI Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ą(i)€an€issue€in€the€proceeding;€orŠ §÷ Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ą(ii)€the€controversy€in€the€proceeding.Š U„ Š€€€€(2)€A€judge€shall€keep€informed€about€the€judgeššs€personalŠ S Šand€ņ ņfiduciaryó ó€financial€interests€and€shall€make€a€reasonableŠ ± Šeffort€to€keep€informed€about€the€personal€financial€interests€ofŠ wĒ Šeach€ņ ņmember€of€the€judgeššsó ó€ņ ņhouseholdó ó.Š %u ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ Ā!" ŠĢą  ąUnder€Canon€3D€(1),€a€judge€must€recuse€himself€or€herselfŠ p#Ą$ Šwhenever€the€judgeššs€ņ ņimpartialityó ó€might€reasonably€be€questioned,Š G$—% Šregardless€of€whether€any€of€the€specific€instances€in€Canon€3DŠ *%z & Š(1)€apply.€Š &Q!' ŠĢą  ąA€judge€must€disclose€on€the€record€information€that€theŠ Æ'’") Šjudge€believes€the€parties€or€their€lawyers€might€considerŠ †(Ö#* Šrelevant€to€the€question€of€recusal,€even€if€the€judge€believesŠ ])­$+ Šthat€there€is€no€real€basis€for€recusal.Š 4*„%, ŠĢą  ąBy€decisional€law,€the€rule€of€necessity€may€override€theŠ ā+2'. Šrule€of€recusal.€€For€example,€a€judge€might€be€required€toŠ ¹, (/ Šparticipate€in€judicial€review€of€a€judicial€salary€statute€or€Š  -ą(0 Šmight€be€the€only€judge€available€in€a€matter€requiring€immediateŠ ° Šjudicial€action,€such€as€a€hearing€on€probable€cause€or€aŠ ‡× Štemporary€restraining€order.€€When€the€rule€of€necessity€doesŠ ^® Šoverride€the€rule€of€recusal,€the€judge€must€disclose€on€theŠ 5… Šrecord€the€basis€for€possible€recusal€and,€if€practicable,€useŠ  \ Šreasonable€efforts€to€transfer€the€matter€promptly€to€anotherŠ ć3 Šjudge.Š ŗ  ŠĢĢĢÓÓE.€NON-RECUSAL€BY€AGREEMENT.Š  f  Š€€€€€If€recusal€would€be€required€by€Canon€3D,€the€judge€mayŠ Ä  Šdisclose€on€the€record€the€reason€for€the€recusal.€€If€afterŠ rĀ  Šdisclosure€of€any€reason€for€recusal€other€than€as€required€byŠ  p  ŠCanon€3D€(1)(a),€the€parties€and€lawyers,€out€of€the€presence€ofŠ Ī Šthe€judge,€all€agree€that€the€judge€need€not€recuse€himself€orŠ |Ģ Šherself,€and€the€judge€is€willing€to€participate,€the€agreementŠ *z Šof€the€parties€shall€be€incorporated€in€the€record,€and€the€judgeŠ Ų( Šmay€participate€in€the€proceeding.Š †Ö ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ  [ ŠĢą  ąThis€procedure€gives€the€parties€an€opportunity€to€waive€theŠ ¹  Šrecusal€if€the€judge€agrees.€€The€judge€may€comment€on€possibleŠ ą  Šwaiver€but€must€ensure€that€consideration€of€the€question€ofŠ g ·! Šwaiver€is€made€independently€of€the€judge.€€A€party€may€actŠ >!Ž" Šthrough€counsel€if€counsel€represents€on€the€record€that€theŠ "e# Šparty€has€been€consulted€and€consents.€€As€a€practical€matter,€aŠ ģ"<$ Šjudge€may€wish€to€have€all€parties€and€their€lawyers€sign€aŠ Ć#% Šwaiver€agreement.Š š$ź& ŠĢĢĢÓÓF.€€DISCIPLINARY€RESPONSIBILITIES.Š ö'F#* Šą  ą(1)€A€judge€should€take€or€initiate€appropriate€correctiveŠ ¤)ō$, Šmeasures€with€respect€to€the€unprofessional€conduct€of€anotherŠ R+¢&. Šjudge€or€a€lawyer.Š -P(0 Š€€€€€(2)€If€other€corrective€measures€are€not€appropriate€or,€ifŠ ° Šattempted,€were€not€successful,€a€judge€shall€inform€theŠ ^® ŠCommission€on€Judicial€Disabilities€of€facts€ņ ņknownó ó€to€that€judgeŠ  \ Šthat€raise€a€substantial€question€as€to€another€judgeššs€fitnessŠ Ņ " Šfor€office.Š € Š Šą  ą(3)€If€other€corrective€measures€are€not€appropriate€or,€ifŠ . ~  Šattempted,€were€not€successful,€a€judge€shall€inform€the€AttorneyŠ Ü,  ŠGrievance€Commission€of€facts€ņ ņknownó ó€to€the€judge€that€raise€aŠ ŠŚ  Šsubstantial€question€as€to€a€lawyerššs€honesty,€trustworthiness,Š P   Šor€fitness€as€a€lawyer€in€other€respects.Š žN Šą  ą(4)€Acts€of€a€judge€required€or€permitted€by€Canon€3F€(1),Š ¬ü Š(2),€or€(3)€shall€be€absolutely€privileged.Š ZŖ ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ ß/ ŠĢą  ąPermitting€a€judge€to€take€"corrective"€measures€gives€theŠ Ż Šjudge€a€wide€range€of€options€to€deal€with€unprofessionalŠ d“ Šconduct.š€€Appropriate€corrective€measures€may€include€directŠ ;‹ Šcommunication€with€the€judge€or€lawyer€who€is€believed€to€haveŠ b Šcommitted€the€violation€or€other€direct€action€if€available.€Š é9 ŠThere€may€be€instances€of€professional€misconduct€that€wouldŠ Ą  Šwarrant€a€private€admonition€or€referral€to€a€bar€associationŠ — ē! Šcounseling€service.Š n!¾" ŠĢÓÓŠ  #l$ Šą@ŠŠ&ģąCANON€4€€ˆŠ ° Šū€€€(ūą@ģąü€€€(üExtra-Judicial€ą@@””%ģąActivitiesˆŠ ^® ŠĢA.€€EXTRA„JUDICIAL€ACTIVITIES€IN€GENERAL.Š ŗ  Šą  ąA€judge€shall€conduct€all€extra„judicial€activities€so€thatŠ h ø Šthey€do€not:ą@ģģ*ģąˆŠ  f  Šą  ą(1)€cause€a€substantial€question€as€to€the€judgeššs€capacityŠ Ä  Što€act€ņ ņimpartiallyó ó€as€a€judge;Š rĀ  Šą  ą(2)€demean€the€judicial€office;€orŠ 8ˆ  Š€€€€€(3)€interfere€with€the€proper€performance€of€judicialŠ ę6 Šduties.Š ”ä ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ i ŠĢą  ąComplete€separation€of€a€judge€from€extra„judicialŠ Ē Šactivities€is€neither€possible€nor€desirable.€€A€judge€should€notŠ žī Šbecome€isolated€from€the€judgeššs€community.€€Š uÅ ŠĢą  ąAn€extra„judicial€activity,€however,€may€be€perceived€toŠ #s Šreflect€on€judicial€behavior.€€For€example,€an€expression€of€biasŠ śJ Šor€prejudice€by€a€judge,€even€outside€the€judgeššs€judicialŠ Ń! Šactivities,€may€cause€a€substantial€question€as€to€the€judgeššsŠ Øų  Šcapacity€to€act€ņ ņimpartiallyó ó€as€a€judge.€€Expressions€that€may€doŠ  Ļ! Šso€include€jokes€or€other€remarks€demeaning€individuals€on€theŠ b!²" Šbasis€of€their€age,€disability,€national€origin,€race,€religion,Š 9"‰# Šsex,€sexual€orientation,€or€socioeconomic€status.€€See€Canon€2CŠ #`$ Šand€the€accompanying€Comment.Š ē#7% ŠÓÓĢĢB.€€AVOCATIONAL€ACTIVITIES.Š (j#* Šą  ąSubject€to€other€provisions€of€this€Code,€a€judge€mayŠ Č)%, Šlecture,€speak,€teach,€write,€and€otherwise€participate€in€otherŠ v+Ę&. Šextra„judicial€activities.€€Š $-t(0 ŠÓÓą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ ° ŠĢą  ąA€judge€is€in€a€unique€position€to€contribute€to€theŠ ^® Šadministration€of€justice,€the€legal€system,€and€improvement€ofŠ 5… Šthe€law,€including€the€revision€of€substantive€and€procedural€lawŠ  \ Šand€improvement€of€criminal€and€juvenile€justice.€€As€time€mayŠ ć3 Špermit,€a€judge€is€encouraged€to€do€so,€either€independently€orŠ ŗ  Šthrough€a€bar€association,€judicial€conference,€or€otherŠ ‘ į Šorganization€dedicated€to€the€improvement€of€the€law.Š h ø ŠĢą  ąThe€phrase€š šsubject€to€other€provisions€of€this€Codešš€isŠ  f  Šused€in€this€and€other€sections€of€Canon€4,€primarily€inŠ ķ =  Šconnection€with€a€judgeššs€charitable,€civic,€or€governmentalŠ Ä  Šactivities,€to€remind€judges€that€use€of€permissive€language€inŠ ›ė  Švarious€sections€of€this€Code€does€not€relieve€a€judge€from€theŠ rĀ  Šother€provisions€of€this€Code€that€apply€to€the€specific€conduct.Š I™  ŠĢĢCommittee€note:€€The€Judicial€Ethics€Committee€has€cautioned€thatŠ Ī Ša€judge€who€agrees€to€speak€at€a€political€club€should€scheduleŠ „õ Šthe€speech€so€as€not€to€be€present€for€political€discussions,€beŠ |Ģ Šreasonably€available€to€other€groups€with€similar€invitations,Š S£ Šand€not€speak€at€fund„raising€events.€€Š *z ŠĢą  ąThe€Judicial€Ethics€Committee€has€held€that€writing€anŠ Ų( Šintroduction€for€a€book€was€not€using€the€judicial€office€for€aŠ Æ’ Šprivate€business.Š †Ö ŠĢĢĢÓÓC.€€CHARITABLE,€CIVIC,€AND€GOVERNMENTAL€ACTIVITIES.Š ā2 Šą  ą(1)€Except€when€acting€in€a€matter€that€involves€the€judgeŠ ą  Šor€the€judgeššs€interests,€when€acting€as€to€a€matter€thatŠ >!Ž" Šconcerns€the€administration€of€justice,€the€legal€system,€orŠ ģ"<$ Šimprovement€of€the€law,€or€when€acting€as€otherwise€allowed€underŠ š$ź& ŠCanon€4,€a€judge€shall€not€appear€at€a€public€hearing€before,€orŠ H&˜!( Šotherwise€consult€with,€an€executive€or€legislative€body€orŠ ö'F#* Šofficial.Š ¤)ō$, ŠÓÓą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ R+¢&. ŠĢ€€€€€€€€As€suggested€in€the€ņņReporter's€Notes€to€the€ABA€ModelŠ -P(0 ŠCode€of€Judicial€Conductóó€(1990),€the€"administration€of€justice"Š Ł-))1 Šis€not€limited€to€"matters€of€judicial€administration"€but€isŠ ° Šbroad€enough€to€include€other€matters€relating€to€the€judiciary.€€Š ‡× ŠĢĢÓÓą  ą(2)€Except€as€otherwise€provided€by€law€and€subject€to€CanonŠ  \ Š4A,€a€judge€may€accept€appointment€to€a€governmental€advisoryŠ ŗ  Šcommission,€committee,€or€position.€Š h ø ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ ķ =  ŠĢ€€€€A€judge€may€not€accept€a€governmental€appointment€that€couldŠ ›ė  Šinterfere€with€the€effectiveness€and€independence€of€theŠ rĀ  Šjudiciary,€assume€or€discharge€an€executive€or€legislative€powerŠ I™  Š(Maryland€Declaration€of€Rights,€Article€8),€or€hold€an€"office"Š  p  Šunder€the€constitution€or€other€laws€of€the€United€States€orŠ ÷G ŠState€of€Maryland€(Maryland€Declaration€of€Rights,€Articles€33Š Ī Šand€35).Š „õ ŠĢĢCommittee€note:€€The€Judicial€Ethics€Committee€notes€that€theŠ *z Šsupremacy€clause€of€U.S.€Constitution€Article€IV€may€allowŠ Q Šservice€in€reserve€components€of€the€armed€forces€that€otherwiseŠ Ų( Šmight€be€precluded€under€this€Code,€such€as€service€as€a€judgeŠ Æ’ Šadvocate€or€military€judge.€€However,€the€Attorney€General,Š †Ö Šrather€than€the€Judicial€Ethics€Committee,€traditionally€hasŠ ]­ Šrendered€opinions€with€regard€to€issues€of€dual€or€incompatibleŠ 4„ Šoffices.€€Š  [ ŠÓÓĢą  ą(3)€A€judge€may€represent€this€country,€a€state,€or€aŠ ą  Šlocality€on€ceremonial€occasions€or€in€connection€with€cultural,Š >!Ž" Šeducational,€or€historical€activities.Š ģ"<$ Š€€€€€(4)€€(a)€Subject€to€other€provisions€of€this€Code,€a€judgeŠ š$ź& Šmay€be€a€director,€member,€non-legal€adviser,€officer,€or€trusteeŠ H&˜!( Šof€a€charitable,€civic,€educational,€fraternal€or€sororal,Š ö'F#* Šlaw-related,€or€religious€organization.Š ¤)ō$, ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ ),y'/ ŠĢą  ąSee€the€Comment€to€Canon€4B€regarding€use€of€the€phraseŠ ×-')1 Šš šsubject€to€other€provisions€of€this€Code.šš€€As€an€example€of€theŠ ° Šmeaning€of€the€phrase,€a€judge€permitted€under€Canon€4C€(4)€toŠ ‡× Šserve€on€the€board€of€an€organization€may€be€prohibited€from€suchŠ ^® Šservice€by,€for€example,€Canon€2C€or€4A,€if€the€organizationŠ 5… Špractices€invidious€discrimination€or€if€service€on€the€boardŠ  \ Šotherwise€causes€a€substantial€question€as€to€the€judgeššsŠ ć3 Šcapacity€to€act€ņ ņimpartiallyó ó€as€a€judge€or€as€to€service€as€anŠ ŗ  Šadviser.Š  ķ ŠĢÓӀą  ą€(b)€A€judge€shall€not€be€a€director,€adviser,€officer,€orŠ K ›  Štrustee€of€an€organization€that€is€conducted€for€the€economic€orŠ ł I  Špolitical€advantage€of€its€members.€Š §÷  Š€€€€€€(c)€A€judge€shall€not€be€a€director,€adviser,€officer,€orŠ U„  Štrustee€of€an€organization€if€it€is€likely€that€the€organization:Š S Šą  ąą ` ą(i)€€will€be€engaged€regularly€in€adversary€proceedingsŠ ± Šin€any€court;€or€Š _Æ Šą  ąą ` ą(ii)€€deals€with€people€who€are€referred€to€theŠ  ] Šorganization€by€any€court.€€Š »  ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ @ ŠĢ€€€€€The€changing€nature€of€some€organizations€and€of€theirŠ ī> Šrelationship€to€the€law€makes€it€necessary€for€a€judge€regularlyŠ Å Što€reexamine€the€activities€of€each€organization€with€which€theŠ œģ  Šjudge€is€affiliated€to€determine€whether€it€is€proper€to€continueŠ s Ć! Ša€relationship€with€it.€€For€example,€in€many€jurisdictions,Š J!š" Šcharitable€organizations€are€more€frequently€in€court€now€than€inŠ !"q# Šthe€past€or€make€policy€decisions€that€may€have€politicalŠ ų"H$ Šsignificance€or€imply€commitment€to€causes€that€may€come€beforeŠ Ļ#% Šthe€courts€for€adjudication.€€Š ¦$ö& ŠĢĢÓÓą  ą€€(d)€(i)€A€judge€shall€not€participate€personally€in:Š +'{") Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ą(A)€solicitation€of€funds€or€other€fund„raisingŠ Ł()$+ Šactivities,€except€that€a€judge€may€solicit€funds€from€otherŠ ‡*×%- Šjudges€over€whom€the€judge€does€not€exercise€appellate€orŠ 5,…'/ Šsupervisory€jurisdiction;€orŠ ć-3)1 Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ą(B)€a€membership€solicitation€that€reasonablyŠ ° Šmight€be€perceived€as€coercive€or,€except€as€permitted€in€CanonŠ ^® Š4C€(4)(d)(i)(A),€is€essentially€a€fund„raising€mechanism.Š  \ Šą  ąą ` ą€(ii)€A€judge€shall€not€participate€as€a€guest€of€honorŠ ŗ  Šor€speaker€at€a€fund„raising€event.Š h ø Šą  ąą ` ą€(iii)€Except€as€allowed€by€Canon€4C€(4)(d),€a€judgeŠ  f  Šshall€not€use€or€lend€the€prestige€of€judicial€office€for€fund„Š Ä  Šraising€or€membership€solicitation.Š rĀ  Šą  ą€€€€€€(iv)€A€judge€may:Š  p  Šą  ąą ` ą€€€€€€(A)€assist€an€organization€in€planning€fund„Š Ī Šraising;Š |Ģ Šą  ąą ` ą€€€€€€€(B)€participate€in€the€investment€and€managementŠ *z Šof€an€organizationššs€funds;€andŠ Ų( Šą  ąą ` ą€€€€€€€(C)€€make€recommendations€to€private€and€publicŠ †Ö Šfund„granting€organizations€on€programs€and€projects€concerningŠ 4„ Šthe€administration€of€justice,€the€legal€system,€or€improvementŠ ā2 Šof€the€law.Š ą  ŠÓÓą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ >!Ž" ŠĢą  ąAs€a€director,€member,€non„legal€adviser,€officer,€orŠ ģ"<$ Štrustee€of€an€organization€that€is€devoted€to€the€administrationŠ Ć#% Šof€justice,€the€legal€system,€or€improvement€of€the€law€or€for€aŠ š$ź& Šnot„for„profit€charitable,€civic,€educational,€fraternal€orŠ q%Į ' Šsororal,€or€religious€organization,€a€judge€may€solicitŠ H&˜!( Šmembership€and€encourage€or€endorse€membership€efforts€for€theŠ 'o") Šorganization,€as€long€as€the€solicitation€cannot€reasonably€beŠ ö'F#* Šperceived€as€coercive€and€is€not€essentially€a€fund„raisingŠ Ķ($+ Šmechanism.€€Solicitation€of€funds€and€solicitation€of€membershipsŠ ¤)ō$, Šsimilarly€involve€the€danger€that€the€person€solicited€will€feelŠ {*Ė%- Šobligated€to€respond€favorably€to€the€solicitor€who€is€in€aŠ R+¢&. Šposition€of€€control€or€influence.€€A€judge€may€be€listed€as€aŠ ),y'/ Šdirector,€officer,€or€trustee€of€an€organization€but€must€notŠ -P(0 Šengage€in€direct,€individual€solicitation€of€funds€or€membershipsŠ ×-')1 Šin€person,€by€telephone,€or€in€writing,€for€that€organization,Š ° Šexcept€in€the€following€cases:€(1)€a€judge€may€solicit,€for€fundsŠ ‡× Šor€memberships,€other€judges€over€whom€the€judge€does€notŠ ^® Šexercise€appellate€or€supervisory€authority;€(2)€a€judge€mayŠ 5… Šsolicit,€for€membership€in€an€organization€described€above,€otherŠ  \ Špersons€if€neither€those€persons€nor€persons€with€whom€they€areŠ ć3 Šaffiliated€are€likely€to€appear€before€the€court€on€which€theŠ ŗ  Šjudge€serves;€and€(3)€a€judge€who€is€an€officer€of€anŠ ‘ į Šorganization€described€above€may€send€a€general€membershipŠ h ø Šsolicitation€mailing€over€the€judgeššs€signature.Š ?   ŠĢą  ąUse€of€an€organizationššs€letterhead€for€fund„raising€orŠ ķ =  Šmembership€solicitation€does€not€violate€Canon€4C€(4)€if€theŠ Ä  Šletterhead€lists€only€the€judgeššs€name€and€office€or€otherŠ ›ė  Šposition€in€the€organization.€€A€judgeššs€judicial€office€also€mayŠ rĀ  Šbe€listed€if€comparable€information€is€listed€for€otherŠ I™  Šindividuals.€€A€judge€must€make€reasonable€efforts€to€ensure€thatŠ  p  Šcourt€officials,€the€judgeššs€staff,€and€others€subject€to€theŠ ÷G Šjudgeššs€direction€and€control€do€not€use€or€refer€to€theirŠ Ī Šrelationship€with€the€judge€to€solicit€funds€for€any€purpose,Š „õ Šcharitable€or€otherwise.Š |Ģ ŠĢą  ąAlthough€a€judge€is€not€permitted€to€be€a€guest€of€honor€orŠ *z Šspeaker€at€a€fund„raising€event,€Canon€4€does€not€prohibit€aŠ Q Šjudge€from€attending€an€event€if€otherwise€consistent€with€thisŠ Ų( ŠCode.Š Æ’ ŠĢCross€reference:€€As€to€exemption€for€former€judges€approved€forŠ ]­ Šrecall,€see€Canon€6C.Š 4„ ŠĢĢĢÓÓD.€FINANCIAL€ACTIVITIES.Š ą  Šą  ą(1)€A€judge€shall€not€engage€in€business€or€financialŠ >!Ž" Šdealings€that:Š ģ"<$ Šą  ą(a)€reasonably€would€be€perceived€to€violate€Canon€2B;€or€Š š$ź& Šą  ą(b)€involve€the€judge€in€frequent€transactions€or€continuingŠ H&˜!( Šbusiness€relationships€with€lawyers€or€other€persons€likely€toŠ ö'F#* Šcome€before€the€court€on€which€the€judge€serves.Š ¤)ō$, ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ ),y'/ ŠĢą  ąCanon€4D€(1)(b)€is€necessary€to€avoid€creating€an€appearanceŠ ×-')1 Šof€exploitation€of€office€or€favoritism€and€to€minimize€theŠ ° Špotential€for€recusal.€€A€judge€also€should€discourage€ņ ņmembers€ofŠ ‡× Šthe€judgeššs€familyó ó€from€engaging€in€dealings€that€reasonablyŠ jŗ Šwould€appear€to€exploit€the€judgeššs€judicial€position.€€WithŠ M Šrespect€to€affiliation€of€relatives€of€the€judge€with€law€firmsŠ $t Šappearing€before€the€judge,€see€the€Comment€to€Canon€3D€(1)(d)Š ūK Šrelating€to€recusal.Š Ņ " ŠĢą  ąParticipation€by€a€judge€in€business€and€financial€dealingsŠ € Š Šis€subject€to€the€general€prohibitions€in€Canon€4A€againstŠ W §  Šactivities€that€cause€a€substantial€question€as€to€ņ ņimpartialityó ó,Š . ~  Šdemean€the€judicial€office,€or€interfere€with€the€properŠ a  Šperformance€of€judicial€duties.€€Such€participation€also€isŠ č8  Šsubject€to€the€general€prohibition€in€Canon€2€against€activitiesŠ æ  Šinvolving€impropriety€or€the€appearance€of€impropriety€and€theŠ –ę  Šprohibition€in€Canon€2B€against€misuse€of€the€prestige€ofŠ m½  Šjudicial€office.€€In€addition,€a€judge€must€maintain€highŠ D”  Šstandards€of€conduct€in€all€of€the€judgeššs€activities,€as€setŠ k Šforth€in€Canon€1.€€See€the€Comment€to€Canon€4B€regarding€use€ofŠ ņB Šthe€phrase€š šsubject€to€other€provisions€of€this€Code.ššŠ É ŠĢĢÓÓą  ą(2)€Subject€to€other€provisions€of€this€Code,€a€judge€mayŠ Nž Šhold€and€manage€investments,€including€real€estate,€and€engage€inŠ üL Šother€remunerative€activities€except€that€a€full-time€judge€shallŠ Ŗś Šnot€hold€a€directorship€or€office€in€a€bank,€insurance€company,Š XØ Šlending€institution,€public€utility,€savings€and€loanŠ V Šassociation,€or€other€business,€enterprise,€or€venture€that€isŠ “  Šaffected€with€a€public€interest.Š b!²" ŠÓÓCross€reference:€As€to€exemption€for€former€judges€approved€forŠ #`$ Šrecall,€see€Canon€6C.Š ē#7% ŠĢÓӀ€€€€(3)€A€judge€shall€manage€investments€and€other€financialŠ •%å ' Šinterests€to€minimize€the€number€of€cases€in€which€recusal€wouldŠ C'“") Šbe€required.€€As€soon€as€practicable€without€serious€financialŠ ń(A$+ Šdetriment,€a€judge€shall€dispose€of€those€financial€interestsŠ Ÿ*ļ%- Šthat€might€require€frequent€recusal.Š M,'/ Šą  ą(4)€A€judge€shall€neither€use€nor€disclose,€in€financialŠ ū-K)1 Šdealings€or€for€any€other€purpose€not€related€to€the€judgeššsŠ ° Šjudicial€duties,€information€that€is€acquired€in€his€or€herŠ ^® Šjudicial€capacity€and€that€is€confidential,€privileged,€orŠ  \ Šotherwise€not€part€of€the€public€record.Š ŗ  ŠÓÓCross€reference:€€As€to€court€records,€see€Title€16,€Chapter€1000Š h ø Šof€the€Maryland€Rules.€€As€to€prohibitions€against,€and€penaltiesŠ ?   Šfor,€improper€disclosure€or€use€of€information€by€governmentŠ  f  Šofficials€and€employees,€see€Code,€State€Government€Article,Š ķ =  Ššššš15„507€and€15„903.€€As€to€civil€and€criminal€provisionsŠ Ä  Šgoverning€improper€disclosure€of€information,€see,€e.g.,€Code,Š ›ė  ŠState€Government€Article,€šššš10„626€and€10„627€(public€records)Š rĀ  Šand€Code,€Tax„General€Article,€šš13„1018€(tax€information).Š I™  ŠĢÓÓą  ą(5)€€A€judge€shall€not€accept,€and€shall€urge€ņ ņmembers€of€theŠ ÷G Šjudgeššs€householdó ó€not€to€accept,€a€bequest,€favor,€ņ ņgiftó ó,€or€loanŠ ½  Šfrom€anyone€except€for:Š ƒÓ Šą  ą(a)€contributions€to€a€judgeššs€campaign€for€judicial€officeŠ 1 Šthat€comply€with€Canon€5;Š ß/ Šą  ą(b)€a€book,€tape,€or€other€resource€material€supplied€by€aŠ Ż Špublisher€on€a€complimentary€basis€for€official€use,€a€ņ ņgiftó óŠ ;‹ Šincident€to€a€public€testimonial,€or€an€invitation€to€a€judge€andŠ Q Šthe€judgeššs€spouse€or€guest€to€attend€a€bar„related€function€orŠ Æ ’! Šan€activity€devoted€to€the€administration€of€justice,€the€legalŠ ]"­# Šsystem,€or€improvement€of€the€law;Š  $[% Šą  ą(c)€an€award,€benefit,€or€ņ ņgiftó ó€incident€to€the€business,Š ¹% !' Šprofession,€or€other€separate€activity€of€a€spouse€or€otherŠ 'Ļ") Šņ ņmember€of€the€judgeššs€householdó ó,€including€an€award,€benefit,€orŠ -)}$+ Šņ ņgiftó ó€for€the€use€of€both€the€household€member€and€judge€(asŠ ó*C&- Šspouse€or€household€member),€if€the€award,€benefit,€or€ņ ņgiftó ó€couldŠ ¹, (/ Šnot€reasonably€be€perceived€as€intended€to€influence€the€judge€inŠ ° Šthe€performance€of€judicial€duties;Š ^® Šą  ą(d)€€ordinary€social€hospitality;€€Š  \ Šą  ą(e)€€a€ņ ņgiftó ó€from€a€friend€or€relative,€for€a€specialŠ ŗ  Šoccasion,€such€as€an€anniversary,€birthday,€or€wedding,€if€theŠ € Š Šņ ņgiftó ó€is€fairly€commensurate€with€the€occasion€and€the€friendshipŠ . ~  Šor€relationship;€Š ōD  Šą  ą(f)€€a€bequest,€favor,€ņ ņgiftó ó,€or€loan€from€a€relative€orŠ ¢ņ  Šclose€personal€friend€whose€appearance€or€interest€in€a€caseŠ hø  Šwould€in€any€event€require€a€recusal€under€Canon€3D;€€Š f Šą  ą(g)€a€loan€from€a€lending€institution€in€its€regular€courseŠ Ä Šof€business€on€the€same€terms€generally€available€to€persons€whoŠ rĀ Šare€not€judges;Š  p Šą  ą(h)€a€fellowship€or€scholarship€awarded€on€the€same€termsŠ Ī Šand€based€on€the€same€criteria€applied€to€other€applicants;€or€€Š |Ģ Šą  ą(i)€any€other€bequest,€favor,€ņ ņgiftó ó,€or€loan€if:€(1)€theŠ *z Šdonor€or€lender€is€not€a€person€whose€interests€have€come€or€areŠ š@  Šlikely€to€come€before€the€judge€and€(2)€the€judge€reports,€on€theŠ ž!ī" Šjudgeššs€financial€disclosure€form,€all€bequests,€favors,€ņ ņgiftsó ó,Š L#œ$ Šand€loans€required€under€Rule€16„815€to€be€reported.€€Š %b & ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ —'ē") ŠĢą  ąHowever€innocently€intended,€favors€or€ņ ņgiftsó ó€from€personsŠ E)•$+ Šnot€in€a€judgeššs€immediate€family€may€create€an€appearance€thatŠ (*x%, Šthe€judge€could€be€improperly€beholden€to€the€donor.€Š ’*O&- ŠĢą  ąSimilarly,€a€bequest,€favor,€ņ ņgiftó ó,€or€loan€to€a€ņ ņmember€ofŠ ­,ż'/ Šthe€judgeššs€householdó ó€might€be€viewed€as€intended€to€influenceŠ -ą(0 Šthe€judge.€Therefore,€a€judge€must€inform€those€household€membersŠ ° Šof€the€relevant€ethical€constraints€on€the€judge€in€this€regardŠ ‡× Šand€discourage€those€household€members€from€violating€theŠ ^® Šconstraints.€€However,€a€judge€cannot€reasonably€be€expected€toŠ 5… Šņ ņknowó ó€or€control€all€of€the€business€and€financial€activities€ofŠ  \ Šall€ņ ņmembers€of€the€judgeššs€householdó ó.Š ļ? ŠĢą  ąCanon€4D€(5)(b)€and€(i)€governs,€respectively,€acceptance€ofŠ © ł Šan€invitation€to€a€law„related€function€and€of€an€invitation€paidŠ € Š Šfor€by€an€individual€lawyer€or€group€of€lawyers.Š W §  ŠĢą  ąA€judge€may€accept€a€public€testimonial,€or€a€ņ ņgiftó ó€incidentŠ U  Šthereto,€only€if€the€donor€is€not€an€organization€whose€membersŠ č8  Šcomprise€or€frequently€represent€the€same€side€in€litigation,€andŠ æ  Šthe€testimonial€or€ņ ņgiftó ó€complies€with€other€provisions€of€thisŠ –ę  ŠCode.€€Ō#†XoœXXXoœžI#ŌŌ‡XoœXXXoœŌSeeŌ#†XoœXXXoœÅi#ŌŌ‡XoœXXXoœŌ€Canons€2B€and€4A€(1).Š yÉ  ŠĢą  ąA€ņ ņgiftó ó€that€is€made€to€a€judge,€or€a€ņ ņmember€of€the€judgeššsŠ 'w Šhouseholdó ó,€and€is€excessive€in€value€raises€questions€about€theŠ  Z Šjudgeššs€ņ ņimpartialityó ó€and€the€integrity€of€the€judicial€office€andŠ ķ= Šmight€require€recusal€of€the€judge.€€See,€however,€Canon€4DŠ Š  Š(5)(f).Š §÷ ŠĢÓÓĢE.€€ņ ņFIDUCIARYó ó€ACTIVITIES.Š S Šą  ą(1)€(a)€Except€as€provided€in€Canon€4E€(1)€and€then€onlyŠ É Šsubject€to€other€provisions€of€this€Code€and€statutes,€a€judgeŠ wĒ Šshall€not€serve€as€a€ņ ņfiduciaryó ó.Š %u Šą  ą€€€€(b)€A€judge€may€serve€as€a€ņ ņfiduciaryó ó€for€a€ņ ņmember€of€theŠ ė ;! Šjudgeššs€familyó ó.Š ±"# Š€€€€€€€€€(c)€A€judge€who€has€served€as€a€trustee€of€a€trust€sinceŠ w$Ē% ŠDecember€31,€1969,€may€continue€to€do€so€as€allowed€by€law.Š %&u!' Šą  ą(2)€A€judge€shall€not€agree€to€serve€as€a€ņ ņfiduciaryó ó€if€it€isŠ Ó'##) Šlikely€that,€as€a€ņ ņfiduciaryó ó,€the€judge€will€be€engaged€inŠ ™)é$+ Šproceedings€that€ordinarily€would€come€before€the€judge€or€if€theŠ _+Æ&- Šestate,€trust,€or€ward€becomes€involved€in€adversary€proceedingsŠ  -](/ Šin€the€court€on€which€the€judge€serves€or€in€a€court€under€theŠ ° Šappellate€jurisdiction€of€the€court€on€which€the€judge€serves.Š ^® Šą  ą(3)€The€restrictions€that€apply€to€personal€financialŠ  \ Šactivities€of€a€judge€also€apply€to€the€judgeššs€ņ ņfiduciaryó óŠ ŗ  Šfinancial€activities.Š € Š ŠÓÓą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ . ~  ŠĢą  ąThe€Time€for€Compliance€provision€of€this€Code€(Canon€6D)Š Ü,  Špostpones€the€time€for€compliance€with€certain€provisions€ofŠ ³  ŠCanon€4E€in€some€cases.Š ŠŚ  ŠĢCommittee€note:€€Code,€Estates€and€Trusts€Article,€šššš5„105€(b)(5)Š 8ˆ  Šand€14„104€prohibit€a€judge€from€serving€as€a€personalŠ _ Šrepresentative€or€trustee€for€someone€who€is€not€a€spouse€orŠ ę6 Šwithin€the€ņ ņthird€degree€of€relationshipó ó€(although€a€judge€servingŠ ½  Šas€trustee€as€of€12/31/69€is€allowed€to€continue€in€thatŠ  š Šcapacity).€€Neither€the€1987€Maryland€Code€of€Judicial€ConductŠ wĒ Šnor€any€other€Maryland€law€explicitly€prohibits€a€judge€fromŠ Nž Šserving€as€any€other€type€of€ņ ņfiduciaryó ó€for€anyone.Š %u ŠĢCross€reference:€€As€to€exemption€for€former€judges€approved€forŠ ß/ Šrecall,€see€Canon€6C.Š ¶ Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ąą p ąą Č ąą  ąą x ąĢĢĢÓÓF.€€SERVICE€AS€ARBITRATOR€OR€MEDIATOR.Š b Šą  ąA€judge€shall€not€act€as€an€arbitrator€or€mediator€orŠ Ą  Šotherwise€perform€judicial€functions€in€a€private€capacity€unlessŠ n!¾" Šexpressly€authorized€by€law.€€Š #l$ ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ ”%ń ' ŠĢ€€€€€€Canon€4F€does€not€preclude€a€judge€from€participating€inŠ O'Ÿ") Šsettlement€conferences.€€If€by€reason€of€disclosure€made€duringŠ &(v#* Šor€as€a€result€of€a€conference,€a€judge's€ņ ņimpartialityó ó€mightŠ ż(M$+ Šreasonably€be€questioned,€the€judge€should€not€participate€in€theŠ ą)0%, Šmatter€further.€€See€Canon€3D€(1).€€Š ·*&- ŠĢCross€reference:€€As€to€exemption€for€former€judges€approved€forŠ e,µ'/ Šrecall,€see€Canon€6C.Š <-Œ(0 ŠŠ .c)1 ŠÓÓG.€PRACTICE€OF€LAW.Š ° Šą  ą(1)€Except€as€expressly€allowed€by€Canon€4G,€a€judge€shallŠ ^® Šnot€practice€law.€€Notwithstanding€this€prohibition,€a€judge€mayŠ  \ Šact€ņņpro€seóó€in€a€matter€involving€the€judge€or€the€judgeššsŠ ŗ  Šinterest€and,€if€without€compensation,€may€give€legal€advice€toŠ l ¼ Šand€draft€or€review€documents€for€a€ņ ņmember€of€the€judgeššs€familyó ó.€Š  j  Šą  ą(2)€€(a)€To€the€extent€expressly€allowed€by€law€and€subjectŠ ą0  Što€other€applicable€provisions€of€this€Code,€a€part„time€judge€ofŠ ŽŽ  Šan€orphansšš€court€may€practice€law.Š <Œ  ŠÓÓCross€reference:€€See€Code,€Estates€and€Trusts€Article,€šš2„109Š ź: Šfor€restrictions€on€the€practice€of€law€by€a€part„time€judge€of€Š Į Šan€orphansšš€court.Š ˜č ŠĢÓÓą  ąą ` ą(b)€A€judge€of€an€orphansšš€court€shall€avoid€conductŠ F– Šwhereby€the€judge€uses€or€seems€to€use€the€judicial€office€toŠ ōD Šfurther€success€in€the€practice€of€law.Š ¢ņ Šą  ąą ` ą(c)€A€judge€of€an€orphansšš€court€shall€not€practice,€orŠ P  Šappear€as€an€individual€in€a€matter€involving€the€judge€or€theŠ žN Šjudgeššs€interest,€in€the€court€on€which€the€judge€serves,€evenŠ ¬ü  Šwhen€another€judge€is€presiding.Š Z!Ŗ" ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ ß#/% ŠĢą  ąCanon€4G€(1)€limits€the€practice€of€law€in€a€representativeŠ %Ż ' Šcapacity€but€not€in€a€ņņpro€seóó€capacity.€€A€judge€may€act€forŠ d&“!( Šhimself€or€herself€in€all€legal€matters,€including€mattersŠ ='") Šinvolving€litigation€and€matters€involving€appearances€before€orŠ (d#* Šother€dealings€with€legislative€and€other€governmental€bodies.€Š ė(;$+ ŠHowever,€in€so€doing,€a€judge€must€not€abuse€the€prestige€ofŠ Ā)%, Šoffice€for€any€reason,€including€advancement€of€an€interest€ofŠ ™*é%- Šthe€judge€or€the€judgeššs€family.€€See€Canons€2B€and€4C€(1).Š p+Ą&. ŠĢą  ąThis€Code€allows€a€judge€to€give€legal€advice€to,€and€draftŠ -n(0 Šlegal€documents€for,€a€ņ ņmember€of€the€judgeššs€familyó ó.€€However,Š õ-E)1 Šexcept€for€a€part„time€orphansšš€court€judge€allowed€to€practiceŠ ° Šlaw,€a€judge€must€not€receive€any€compensation€from,€or€act€as€anŠ ‡× Šadvocate€or€negotiator€for,€a€ņ ņmember€of€the€judgeššs€familyó ó€in€aŠ ^® Šlegal€matter.Š A‘ ŠĢĢĢÓÓH.€€COMPENSATION€AND€REIMBURSEMENT.Š  ķ Šą  ąUnless€otherwise€prohibited€by€law,€a€judge€may€receiveŠ K ›  Šcompensation€and€reimbursement€of€expenses€for€extra„judicialŠ ł I  Šactivities€permitted€by€this€Code€if:Š §÷  Šą  ą€(1)€the€source€of€compensation€or€reimbursement€does€notŠ U„  Šgive€the€appearance€of€impropriety;Š S Šą  ą€(2)€the€compensation€does€not€exceed€a€reasonable€amountŠ ± Šand€does€not€exceed€the€amount€a€person€who€is€not€a€judgeŠ _Æ Šordinarily€would€receive€for€the€same€activity;€andŠ  ] Šą  ą€(3)€the€expense€reimbursement€is€limited€to€the€actual€costŠ »  Šof€food,€lodging,€and€travel€reasonably€incurred€by€a€judge€and,Š i¹ Šif€appropriate€to€the€occasion,€by€the€judgeššs€spouse€or€guest.Š g ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ œģ  ŠĢą  ąAcceptance€of€an€š šņ ņhonorariumó ó,šš€as€defined€in€Code,€StateŠ J!š" ŠGovernment€Article,€šš15„102€(r),€is€governed€by€Code,€StateŠ -"}# ŠGovernment€Article,€šš15„505.€€See€Judicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€128Š #T$ Š(issued€February€2,€2000).Š Ū#+% ŠĢą  ąA€judge€must€disclose€financial€matters€such€as€debts€orŠ ‰%Ł ' Šincome,€investments,€or€other€assets,€only€to€the€extent€requiredŠ `&°!( Šby€Canon€4H,€by€Canon€3D€or€E,€or€by€law.€€See€Code,€StateŠ 7'‡") ŠGovernment€Article,€šš15„610.Š (^#* ŠĢĢņņóóĢĢÓÓŠ  A,‘'/ Šą@HH'ģąCANON€5ˆŠ ° Šą@““!ģąPolitical€ActivityˆŠ ^® ŠĢA.€€POLITICAL€CONDUCT€OF€JUDGE€WHO€IS€NOT€CANDIDATE.Š ŗ  Šą  ą(1)€A€judge€who€is€not€a€candidate€for€election€orŠ h ø Šre-election€to€or€retention€in€a€judicial€office€shall€not€engageŠ  f  Šin€any€partisan€political€activity.€€Š Ä  ŠÓ€ (¦Ł83ÓŲ! !Ųą  ą(2)ą ` ą€(a)€Except€as€otherwise€provided€in€Canon€5A€(2)(b),€aŠ rĀ  Šjudge€shall€resign€when€the€judge€becomes€a€candidate€for€aŠ  p  Šnon-judicial€office.Š Ī Šą  ąą ` ą€(b)€A€judge€may€continue€to€hold€judicial€office€whileŠ |Ģ Ša€candidate€for€election€to,€or€delegate€in,€a€MarylandŠ *z Šconstitutional€convention.€€Š Ų( ŠÓÓCommittee€note:€€Canon€5A€(2)€of€the€Model€Code€of€JudicialŠ †Ö ŠConduct€adopted€by€the€American€Bar€Association€in€2000€allows€aŠ ]­ Šjudge€to€serve€as€a€state€constitutional€convention€delegate€ifŠ 4„ Šallowed€by€law.€Such€a€delegate€does€not€hold€an€"office,šš€whichŠ  [ ŠMaryland€Declaration€of€Rights,€Article€33€would€prohibit€a€judgeŠ ā2 Šfrom€holding.€€See€ņņBoard€v.€Attorney€Generalóó,€246€Md.€417€(1967).Š ¹  ŠĢĢĢÓÓB.€€POLITICAL€CONDUCT€OF€JUDGE€WHO€IS€CANDIDATE.Š "g# Šą  ą(1)€A€judge€who€is€a€candidate€for€election€or€re-electionŠ Å#% Što€or€retention€in€a€judicial€office€may€engage€in€partisanŠ s%Ć ' Špolitical€activity€allowed€by€law€with€respect€to€such€candidacy,Š !'q") Šexcept€that€the€judge:Š Ļ($+ Šą  ąą ` ą(a)€shall€maintain€the€dignity€appropriate€to€judicialŠ }*Ķ%- Šoffice€and€act€in€a€manner€consistent€with€the€ņ ņimpartialityó ó,Š +,{'/ Šindependence,€and€integrity€of€the€judiciary;Š ń-A)1 Šą  ąą ` ą(b)€shall€not€act€as€a€leader€or€hold€an€office€in€aŠ ° Šņ ņpolitical€organizationó ó;€€Š ^® Šą  ąą ` ą(c)€shall€not€make€a€speech€for€a€candidate€orŠ $t Šņ ņpolitical€organizationó ó€or€publicly€endorse€a€candidate€forŠ Ņ " Šnon-judicial€office;€€Š ˜ č ŠÓÓą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ F –  ŠĢą  ąA€judge€does€not€publicly€endorse€a€candidate€for€publicŠ ōD  Šoffice€by€having€the€judgeššs€name€on€the€same€sample€ballot.Š Ė  ŠĢĢÓÓą  ąą ` ą(d)€with€respect€to€a€case,€controversy,€or€issue€thatŠ P   Šis€likely€to€come€before€the€court,€shall€not€make€a€commitment,Š žN Špledge,€or€promise€that€is€inconsistent€with€the€ņ ņimpartialó óŠ ¬ü Šperformance€of€the€adjudicative€duties€of€the€office;€Š rĀ ŠÓÓĢą@HH'ģąCOMMENTˆŠ ÷G ŠĢą  ąņ ņó óCanon€5B€(1)(d)€does€not€prohibit€a€candidate€from€making€aŠ „õ Šcommitment,€pledge,€or€promise€respecting€improvements€in€courtŠ |Ģ Šadministration€or€the€faithful€and€ņ ņimpartialó ó€performance€of€theŠ S£ Šduties€of€the€office.€ņ ņó óŠ 6† ŠĢĢÓÓą  ąą ` ą(e)€shall€not€ņ ņknowinglyó ó€misrepresent€his€or€herŠ » ! Šidentity€or€qualifications,€the€identity€or€qualifications€of€anŠ "Ń# Šopponent,€or€any€other€fact;€andŠ /$% Šą  ąą ` ą(f)€shall€not€allow€any€other€person€to€do€for€theŠ Ż%-!' Šjudge€what€the€judge€is€prohibited€from€doing.Š ‹'Ū") Šą  ą(2)€A€candidate€for€a€judicial€office€may€respond€to€aŠ 9)‰$+ Špersonal€attack€or€an€attack€on€the€candidateššs€record€as€long€asŠ ē*7&- Šthe€response€does€not€violate€Canon€5B€(1).Š •,å'/ ŠÓÓCommittee€note:€€Canon€5A€(1)(b)€of€the€Model€Code€of€JudicialŠ ° ŠConduct€adopted€by€the€American€Bar€Association€in€2000€(š šABAŠ ‡× ŠCode€(2000)šš)€probably€is€broad€enough€even€to€prohibit€a€judgeŠ ^® Šfrom€endorsing€another€judge€who€is€also€a€candidate,€publicŠ 5… Šendorsement€by€one€judicial€candidate€of€another€judicialŠ  \ Šcandidate€has€long€been€permitted€in€Maryland.€€See€MarylandŠ ć3 ŠJudicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€20€(issued€4/25/74).€Š ŗ  ŠĢą  ąABA€Code€(2000),€Canon€5A€(1)(d),€which€bars€attendance€of€aŠ h ø Šjudge„candidate€at€political€gatherings,€is€omitted€as€notŠ ?   Šconsistent€with€Maryland€Judicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€63€(issuedŠ  f  Š5/8/78),€which€recognized€that€š šany€potential€opponents€...€wouldŠ ķ =  Šclearly€take€advantage€of€this€type€of€exposure€[and]€...€it€isŠ Ä  Šneither€desirable€nor€necessary€that€you,€as€a€candidate€forŠ ›ė  Šelection,€be€denied€similar€opportunity.ššŠ rĀ  ŠĢą  ąABA€Code€(2000),€Canon€5A€(1)(e)€and€C€(2)€prohibits€a€judgeŠ  p  Šfrom€personally€soliciting€or€accepting€campaign€funds€orŠ ÷G Špersonally€soliciting€publicly€stated€support;€however,€a€judgeŠ Ī Šmay€establish€š šcommittees€of€responsible€personsšš€to€do€theseŠ „õ Šthings€for€the€judge.€€Theņņóó€Judicial€Ethics€and€the€RulesŠ |Ģ ŠCommittee€believe€that€this€prohibition€may€be€too€restrictive,Š S£ Šsince€it€puts€a€judge€at€a€political€disadvantage€to€activeŠ *z Šopposition.€€Maryland€law€does€require€all€campaign€funds€to€beŠ Q Špublicly€reported€by€the€campaign€treasurer.Š Ų( ŠĢą  ąThe€Judicial€Ethics€and€the€Rules€Committee€disagree€withŠ †Ö Šthe€proposition€in€ABA€Code€(2000),€Canon€5A€(3)(a)Ō#†XoœXXXoœ j#ŌŌ‡XoœXXXoœŌ,Ō#†XoœXXXoœr£#ŌŌ‡XoœXXXoœŌ€which€statesŠ ]­ Šthat€family€members€of€a€judge€should€adhere€to€the€sameŠ 4„ Šstandards€of€political€conduct€as€a€judge€who€is€a€candidate€forŠ  [ Šjudicial€office.€€The€Committees€believe€that€family€membersŠ ā2 Šshould€be€free€to€engage,€in€their€own€right,€in€politicalŠ ¹  Šactivity€that€is€not€related€to€the€judgeššs€office.Š ą  ŠĢą  ąABA€Code€(2000),€Canon€5A€(3)(b)€requires€that€a€judgeŠ >!Ž" Šprohibit€public€officials€and€employees€subject€to€the€judge'sŠ "e# Šdirection€and€control€from€doing€for€the€judge€what€the€judge€isŠ ģ"<$ Šprohibited€from€doing.€€The€Committees€believe€that€this€isŠ Ć#% Šredundant€and€may€even€imply€that€a€judge€must€terminate€theŠ š$ź& Šemployment€of€an€individual€who€does€not€follow€the€judge'sŠ q%Į ' Šadmonitions€š!š€a€result€that€may€be€unreasonable€under€theŠ H&˜!( Šcircumstances.€€Š 'o") ŠĢĢĢÓÓC.€€STATUS€OF€JUDGE€OR€LAWYER€AS€CANDIDATE.Š {*Ė%- Šą  ąš šCandidatešš€applies€to€an€individual€seeking€to€be€electedŠ ),y'/ Što€or€to€retain€a€judicial€office:Š ×-')1 Š€€€€(1)€as€to€a€newly€appointed€judge,€from€the€date€of€takingŠ ° Šthe€oath€of€office€until€the€general€election€pertaining€to€thatŠ ^® Šjudge's€election€or€initial€retention;€Š  \ Š€€€€(2)€as€to€any€other€incumbent€judge,€from€the€earlier€of:Š ŗ  Šą  ąą ` ą(a)€the€date€two€years€prior€to€the€general€electionŠ h ø Špertaining€to€that€judge's€re-election€or€subsequent€retention;Š  f  ŠorŠ Ä  Šą  ąą ` ą(b)€the€date€on€which€a€newly€appointed€judge€to€thatŠ rĀ  Šcourt€becomes€a€"candidate"€in€the€same€general€election;€Š  p  Šą  ą(3)€as€to€a€judge€who€is€seeking€election€to€anotherŠ Ī Šjudicial€office,€the€earlier€of:Š |Ģ Šą  ąą ` ą(a)€the€date€on€which€the€judge€files€a€certificate€ofŠ *z Šcandidacy€in€accordance€with€Maryland€election€laws,€but€noŠ Ų( Šearlier€than€two€years€prior€to€the€general€election€for€thatŠ †Ö Šoffice;€or€Š 4„ Šą  ąą ` ą(b)€the€date€on€which€a€newly€appointed€judge€to€thatŠ ā2 Šcourt€becomes€a€"candidate"€in€the€same€general€election;€andŠ ą  Šą  ą(4)€as€to€a€lawyer€who€is€seeking€a€judicial€office,€theŠ >!Ž" Šdate€on€which€the€lawyer€files€a€certificate€of€candidacy€inŠ ģ"<$ Šaccordance€with€Maryland€election€laws,€but€no€earlier€than€twoŠ š$ź& Šyears€prior€to€the€general€election€for€the€office.Š H&˜!( ŠÓÓCommittee€note:€€Maryland€Judicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€14€(issuedŠ ö'F#* Š5/23/74)€allows€a€judge€to€begin€campaigning€as€a€candidateŠ Ķ($+ Šimmediately€upon€assumption€of€office.€€The€longest€possibleŠ ¤)ō$, Šcampaign€period€would€be€one€day€less€than€three€years.€€See€Š {*Ė%- ŠMaryland€Constitution,€Article€IV,€šš5.€€Maryland€Judicial€EthicsŠ R+¢&. ŠOpinion€No.€34€(issued€7/7/75),€which€had€allowed€an€incumbentŠ ),y'/ Šjudge€to€campaign€for€re-election€only€from€January€1€of€the€yearŠ -P(0 Šof€the€election,€was€found€to€be€too€restrictive,€so€MarylandŠ ×-')1 ŠJudicial€Ethics€Opinion€No.€57€(issued€11/28/77)€changed€theŠ ° Šperiod€to€"times€which€are€reasonable€under€the€particularŠ ‡× Šcircumstances€of€each€case."€€The€Judicial€Ethics€CommitteeŠ ^® Šbelieved€that€the€latter€standard€was€too€vague,€and€the€Court€ofŠ 5… ŠAppeals€permitted€an€incumbent€judge€to€campaign€as€soon€as€theŠ  \ Špreceding€general€election€ended,€which€is€a€two-year€period,€orŠ ć3 Šearlier€if€a€newly€appointed€judge,€who€will€be€a€running€mate€ofŠ ŗ  Šthe€incumbent€judge,€already€has€become€a€candidate.Š ‘ į ŠĢą  ąA€judge€should€be€permitted€to€engage€in€political€activityŠ ?   Šregarding€the€judge's€candidacy€for€judicial€office€only€if€theŠ  f  Šjudge's€intention€to€pursue€that€candidacy€is€clear.€€AnŠ ķ =  Šincumbent€judge's€candidacy€for€election€or€re-election€is€fairlyŠ Ä  Šobvious,€but€a€judge's€intention€to€seek€another€judicial€officeŠ ›ė  Šis€not€as€clear;€therefore,€the€filing€of€a€certificate€ofŠ rĀ  Šcandidacy€is€required€in€the€latter€situation.Š I™  ŠĢĢĢD.€€APPLICABILITY;€DISCIPLINE.Š „õ ŠĢÓÓą  ąA€candidate€who€is€a€judge€shall€comply€with€Canon€5.€€AŠ S£ Šcandidate€who€is€a€lawyer€shall€comply€with€Rule€8.2€of€theŠ Q ŠMaryland€Rules€of€Professional€Conduct.€€A€successful€candidateŠ Æ’ Šand€a€judge€who€unsuccessfully€sought€a€different€judicial€officeŠ ]­ Šare€subject€to€judicial€discipline€for€campaign€conduct.€€AnŠ  [ Šunsuccessful€candidate€who€is€a€lawyer€is€subject€to€attorneyŠ ¹  Šdiscipline€for€campaign€conduct.Š g ·! ŠÓÓCross€reference:€€See€Rules€16„802€through€16„810€concerningŠ "e# Šjudicial€discipline€and€Rules€16„701€through€16„781€concerningŠ ģ"<$ Šattorney€discipline.Š Ć#% ŠĢĢĢĢŠ  ö'F#* ŠÓÓą@ŠŠ&ģąCANON€6€€ˆŠ ° Š€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ComplianceŠ ^® ŠĢA.€€COURTSŠ ŗ  Šą  ąThis€Code€applies€to€each€judge€of€the€Court€of€Appeals,€theŠ h ø ŠCourt€of€Special€Appeals,€a€circuit€court,€the€District€Court,€orŠ  f  Šan€orphans'€court.Š Ä  ŠĢB.€€CONSTRUCTIONŠ  p  Šą  ąViolation€of€any€of€the€Canons€by€a€judge€may€be€regarded€asŠ Ī Šconduct€prejudicial€to€the€proper€administration€of€justiceŠ |Ģ Šwithin€the€meaning€of€Maryland€Rule€16-803€(j),€as€to€theŠ *z ŠCommission€on€Judicial€Disabilities.€€Š Ų( ŠÓÓĢCommittee€note:€€Whether€a€violation€is€or€is€not€prejudicialŠ ]­ Šconduct€is€to€be€determined€by€the€Court€of€Appeals€of€Maryland.€€Š 4„ ŠMaryland€Constitution,€Article€IV,€šš4B€gives€that€Court€theŠ  [ Šauthority€to€discipline€any€judge€upon€recommendation€of€theŠ ā2 ŠCommission€on€Judicial€Disabilities.€€This€disciplinary€power€isŠ ¹  Šalternative€to€and€cumulative€with€the€impeachment€authority€ofŠ ą  Šthe€General€Assembly.€€Š g ·! ŠĢĢÓÓC.€€FORMER€JUDGESŠ ģ"<$ Šą  ąThis€Code,€other€than€Canon€4C€(Charitable,€Civic,€andŠ š$ź& ŠGovernmental€Activities),€D(2)€(Financial€Activities),€EŠ H&˜!( Š(ņ ņFiduciaryó ó€Activities),€and€F€(Service€as€Arbitrator€orŠ ö'F#* ŠMediator),€applies€to€each€former€judge€of€one€of€those€courtsŠ ¼) %, Šwho€is€approved€for€recall€for€temporary€service€under€MarylandŠ j+ŗ&. ŠConstitution,€Article€IV,€šš3A.Š -h(0 ŠÓÓCross€reference:€As€to€approval€of€a€former€judge€for€recall,€seeŠ ° ŠCode,€Courts€Article,€šš1„302.Š ‡× ŠĢĢÓÓD.€€TIME€FOR€COMPLIANCEŠ  \ Šą  ąAn€individual€to€whom€this€Code€becomes€applicable€shallŠ ŗ  Šcomply€immediately€with€all€provisions€of€this€Code€except:€CanonŠ h ø Š2C€(Avoidance€of€Impropriety€and€the€Appearance€of€Impropriety),Š  f  ŠCanon€4D€(2)€(Financial€Activities),€and€Canon€4E€(ņ ņFiduciaryó óŠ Ä  ŠActivities).€€The€individual€shall€comply€with€Canons€2C€and€4DŠ ŠŚ  Š(2)€and€E€as€soon€as€reasonably€possible,€and€shall€do€so€in€anyŠ 8ˆ  Ševent€as€to€Canon€2C€within€two€years€and€as€to€Canon€4D€(2)€andŠ ę6 ŠE€within€one€year.Š ”ä ŠÓÓĢSource:€€This€Rule€is€derived€in€part€from€former€Rule€1231,Š i ŠMaryland€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct,€adopted€by€Rules€Order€datedŠ š@ ŠNovember€21,€1986,€effective€July€1,€1987,€as€amended€from€timeŠ Ē Što€time€(renumbered€Rule€16„813€by€Rules€Order€dated€January€18,Š žī Š1996,€effective€July€1,€1996€and€hereinafter€referred€to€asŠ uÅ Šš šMaryland€Code€(1987)šš)€and€is€in€part€new,€patterned€for€theŠ Lœ Šmost€part€on€the€Model€Code€of€Judicial€Conduct€adopted€by€theŠ #s ŠAmerican€Bar€Association€in€2000€(hereinafter€referred€to€as€š šABAŠ śJ ŠCode€(2000)šš),€with€amendments€in€August€2003€(hereinafterŠ Ń! Šreferred€to€as€š šABA€Code€(2000,€amended€2003)"),€as€follows:Š Øų  ŠĢņņņ ņPreambleóóó óŠ V!¦" ŠĢą  ąThe€Preamble€is€derived€from€the€Preamble€to€ABA€CodeŠ #`$ Š(2000),€with€the€addition€of€the€last€paragraph.Š ē#7% ŠĢņņņ ņTerminologyóóó óŠ •%å ' ŠĢą  ąThe€definition€of€š šfiduciaryšš€is€derived€from€a€similarŠ O'Ÿ") Šdefinition€in€the€ABA€Code€(2000)€Terminology€section,€with€theŠ &(v#* Šaddition€of€the€references€to€an€š šattorney„in„factšš€and€š špersonalŠ ż(M$+ Šrepresentative.šš€€In€light€of€the€addition€of€this€definition,Š Ō)$%, Šthe€definition€of€š šfiduciaryšš€in€Maryland€Code€(1987),€Canon€3CŠ «*ū%- Š(3)(b)€for€the€limited€purpose€of€that€Canon€is€omitted.Š ‚+Ņ&. ŠĢą  ąThe€definition€of€š šgiftšš€is€added€to€reference€Code,€StateŠ 0-€(0 ŠGovernment€Article,€šš15„102€(p),€which,€for€purposes€ofŠ .W)1 Šprovisions€of€the€Maryland€Public€Ethics€Law€applicable€to€ņņinterŠ ° Šaliaóó€judges€as€of€the€date€this€Rule€was€proposed,€defined€š šgiftššŠ ‰Ł Što€mean€the€transfer€of€anything€of€economic€value,€regardless€ofŠ b² Šform,€without€adequate€and€lawful€consideration,€but€not€toŠ 9‰ Šinclude€the€solicitation,€acceptance,€receipt,€or€regulation€of€aŠ ` Špolitical€contribution€that€is€regulated€in€accordance€with€Code,Š ē7 ŠElection€Law€Article€or€any€other€State€law€regulating€theŠ ¾  Šconduct€of€elections€or€the€receipt€of€political€contributions.Š • å ŠĢą  ąThe€definition€of€š šhonorariumšš€is€added€to€reference€Code,Š C “  ŠState€Government€Articleņ ņ,ó 󀚚15„102€(r),€which,€for€purposes€ofŠ  j  Šprovisions€of€the€Maryland€Public€Ethics€Law€applicable€to€ņņinterŠ ż M  Šaliaóó€judges€as€of€the€date€this€Rule€was€proposed,€definedŠ Ö&  Šš šhonorariumšš€to€mean€the€payment€of€money€or€anything€of€valueŠ Æ’  Šfor€speaking€to,€participating€in,€or€attending€a€meeting€orŠ †Ö  Šother€function€or€for€writing€an€article€that€has€been€or€isŠ ]­  Šintended€to€be€published€but€not€to€include€payment€for€writing€aŠ 4„  Šbook€that€has€been€or€is€intended€to€be€published.Š  [ ŠĢą  ąThe€definition€of€š šimpartial,€impartiality,€or€impartiallyššŠ ¹  Šis€derived€from€a€similar€definition€in€the€ABA€Code€(2000,Š ą Šamended€2003)€Terminology€section,€with€the€addition€ofŠ g· Šš šimpartially.ššŠ >Ž ŠĢą  ąThe€definition€of€š šknowingly,€knowledge,€know,€or€knowsšš€isŠ ģ< Šderived€from€a€substantially€similar€definition€in€the€ABA€CodeŠ Ć Š(2000)€Terminology€section.Š šź ŠĢą  ąThe€definition€of€š šmember€of€the€judgeššs€familyšš€is€derivedŠ H˜ Šfrom€a€substantially€similar€definition€in€the€ABA€Code€(2000)Š o ŠTerminology€section.Š öF ŠĢą  ąThe€definition€of€š šmember€of€the€judgeššs€householdšš€isŠ ¤ō  Šsubstituted€for€the€definition€of€š šmember€of€the€judgeššs€familyŠ { Ė! Šresiding€in€the€judgeššs€householdšš€in€the€ABA€Code€(2000)Š R!¢" ŠTerminology€section,€to€incorporate€Code,€State€GovernmentŠ )"y# ŠArticle,€šš15„102€(z),€which,€for€purposes€of€provisions€of€theŠ #P$ ŠMaryland€Public€Ethics€Law€applicable€to€ņņinter€aliaóó€judges€as€ofŠ ×#'% Šthe€date€this€Rule€was€proposed,€defined€š šmember€of€householdšš€toŠ °$ & Šmean€š š(1)€if€sharing€an€individualššs€legal€residence,€theŠ ‡%× ' Šindividualššs:€€(i)€spouse;€(ii)€child;€(iii)€ward;€(iv)Š ^&®!( Šfinancially€dependent€parent;€or€(v)€other€financially€dependentŠ 5'…") Šrelative;€or€(2)€an€individualššs€spouse,€child,€ward,€parent,€orŠ  (\#* Šother€relative,€over€whose€financial€affairs€the€individual€hasŠ ć(3$+ Šlegal€or€actual€control.ššŠ ŗ) %, ŠĢą  ąThe€definition€of€š špolitical€organizationšš€is€derived€from€aŠ h+ø&. Šsubstantially€similar€definition€in€the€ABA€Code€(2000)Š ?,'/ ŠTerminology€section,€but€revised€to€state€expressly€that€anŠ -f(0 Šorganization€may€act€for€more€than€one€candidate.Š ķ-=)1 Їą  ąThe€definition€of€š šrequirešš€is€derived€from€a€substantiallyŠ ° Šsimilar€definition€in€the€ABA€Code€(2000)€Terminology€section.Š ‡× ŠThe€infinitive€is€used€to€avoid€an€unnecessary€and€potentiallyŠ ^® Šincomplete€listing€of€various€forms€of€š šrequire.ššŠ 5… ŠĢą  ąThe€definition€of€š šsignificant€financial€interestšš€isŠ ć3 Šderived€from€the€definition€of€š šfinancial€interestšš€set€forth€inŠ ŗ  ŠCode,€State€Government€Article€(1984,€1995€Replacement€Volume€andŠ ‘ į Š1998€Supplement),€šš15„102€(n)€and€the€exceptions€in€theŠ h ø Šdefinition€of€š šeconomic€interestšš€in€the€ABA€Code€(2000)Š ?   ŠTerminology€Section.€€In€light€of€this€definition,€the€definitionŠ  f  Šof€š šfinancial€interestšš€in€Maryland€Code€(1987),€Canon€3C€(3)(c)Š ķ =  Šfor€the€limited€purpose€of€that€Canon€and€the€term€š šde€minimisššŠ Ä  Šin€the€ABA€Code€(2000)€Terminology€Section€are€omitted.€Š ›ė  ŠReferences€to€a€proceeding€being€š šimminentšš€are€substituted€forŠ rĀ  Šthe€ABA€Code€(2000)€references€to€š šimpendingšš€proceedings.Š I™  ŠĢą  ąThe€def‚inition€of€š šthird€degree€of€relationshipšš€is€derivedŠ ÷G Šfrom€a€substantially€similar€definition€in€the€ABA€Code€(2000)Š Ī ŠTerminology€section.€€In€light€of€the€addition€of€thisŠ „õ Šdefinition,€the€requirement€in€Maryland€Code€(1987),€Canon€3CŠ |Ģ Š(3)(a)€for€calculation€of€relationships€according€to€the€civilŠ S£ Šlaw€system€but€only€for€the€limited€purpose€of€that€Canon€isŠ *z Šomitted.Š Q ŠĢą  ąThe€ABA€Code€(2000)€definitions€of€š šaggregate,šš€š šappropriateŠ Æ’ Šauthority,šš€š šcandidate,šš€š šcontinuing€part„time€judge,šš€š šcourtŠ †Ö Špersonnel,šš€š šlaw,šš€š šmember€of€the€candidateššs€family,šš€š šnonpublicŠ ]­ Šinformation,šš€š šperiodic€part„time€judge,šš€š špro€tempore€part„timeŠ 4„ Šjudge,šš€and€š špublic€electionšš€are€omitted€as€inapplicable€toŠ  [ ŠMaryland€or€otherwise€unnecessary.Š ā2 ŠĢņņņ ņCanon€1ó óóóŠ ą  ŠĢą  ąCanon€1€is€derived€from€Maryland€Code€(1987),€Canon€1,Š J!š" Šexcept€that€the€language€has€been€reworded€to€be€mandatory€ratherŠ !"q# Šthan€hortatory€in€accordance€with€ABA€Code€(2000),€Canon€1.Š ų"H$ ŠĢą  ąCanon€1€is€consistent€with€Maryland€Declaration€of€Rights,Š ¦$ö& ŠArticle€33,€which€states,€in€part,€that€š šthe€independency€andŠ }%Ķ ' Šuprightness€of€Judges€are€essential€to€the€impartialŠ T&¤!( Šadministration€of€Justice,€and€a€great€security€to€the€rights€andŠ +'{") Šliberties€of€the€People.ššŠ (R#* ŠĢą  ąABA€Code€(2000),€Canon€1€states€that€a€judge€shouldŠ °)%, Šš šparticipate€in€establishing,€maintaining€and€enforcing€highŠ ‡*×%- Šstandards€of€conduct,€and€shall€personally€observe€thoseŠ ^+®&. Šstandards€so€that€the€integrity€and€independence€of€the€judiciaryŠ 5,…'/ Šwill€be€preserved.šš€€Although€desirable,€a€judge€should€not€beŠ  -\(0 Šobligated€to€participate€in€š šestablishingšš€standards€of€conduct.Š ć-3)1 Їą  ąThe€Comment€is€new€and€is€substantially€the€same€as€theŠ ° ŠCommentary€to€ABA€Code€(2000,€amended€2003),€Canon€1.Š ‡× ŠĢņ ņņņCanon€2óóó óŠ 5… ŠĢą  ąCanon€2A€is€derived€from€the€first€sentence€of€Maryland€CodeŠ ļ? Š(1987),€Canon€2A,€except€that€the€language€has€been€reworded€toŠ Ę  Šbe€mandatory€rather€than€hortatory€in€accordance€with€ABA€CodeŠ  ķ Š(2000,€amended€2003),€Canon€2A.Š t Ä ŠĢą  ąThe€second€sentence€of€Maryland€Code€(1987),€Canon€2A,€whichŠ " r  Šsuggested€application€of€the€Canon€to€both€personal€andŠ ł I  Šprofessional€life,€now€is€covered€in€the€Comment€to€Canon€2A.Š Š  ŠĢą  ąThe€Comment€to€Canon€2A€is€based€on€the€first€paragraph€ofŠ ~Ī  Šthe€Comment€to€Maryland€Code€(1987),€Canon€2B€and,€with€theŠ U„  Šomission€of€the€second€sentence€as€to€avoiding€impropriety€andŠ ,|  Šappearance€of€impropriety,€on€the€Commentary€to€ABA€Code€(2000,Š S Šamended€2003),€Canon€2A.Š Ś* ŠĢą  ąCanon€2B€is€derived€from€Maryland€Code€(1987),€Canon€2B,Š ˆŲ Šexcept€that€the€language€has€been€reworded€to€be€mandatory€ratherŠ _Æ Šthan€hortatory€and€references€to€political€relationships,€toŠ 6† Šlending€prestige,€and€to€the€judgeššs€benefit€are€added€inŠ  ] Šaccordance€with€ABA€Code€(2000),€Canon€2B.€€Additionally,Š ä4 Šreferences€to€an€appearance€of€improper€influence€and€toŠ »  Šemployment€offers,€are€added.Š ’ā ŠĢą  ąThe€Comment€to€Canon€2B€is€based€on€the€Commentary€to€ABAŠ @ ŠCode€(2000),€Canon€2B,€with€the€addition€of€the€reference€to€aŠ g Šš špersonalšš€communication€and€omission€of€the€third€sentence€ofŠ ī> Šthe€second€paragraph,€as€to€retaining€control€over€advertisementŠ Å Šof€publications,€which€was€considered€impracticable;€the€secondŠ œģ  Šsentence€of€the€fourth€paragraph,€as€to€Canon€5€with€respect€toŠ s Ć! Šuse€of€a€judgeššs€name€in€political€activities,€and€the€reference,Š J!š" Šin€that€paragraph,€as€to€responses€to€official€inquiries€aboutŠ !"q# Šjudicial€candidates;€and€the€second€and€fourth€sentences€of€theŠ ų"H$ Šfifth€paragraph,€as€to€the€effect€of€testifying€on€lawyers€andŠ Ļ#% Šthe€need€to€discourage€requests€for€such€testimony.Š ¦$ö& ŠĢą  ąCanon€2C€is€derived€from€Maryland€Code€(1987),€Canon€2C€andŠ T&¤!( Šthe€comparable€ABA€Code€(2000),€Canon€2C.Š +'{") ŠĢą  ąThe€Comment€to€Canon€2C€is€derived€from€the€Comment€toŠ Ł()$+ ŠMaryland€Code€(1987)€and€Commentary€to€ABA€Code€(2000),€Canon€2C,Š °)%, Šwith€the€addition€of€the€third€and€fourth€sentences,€derived€fromŠ ‡*×%- Špart€of€the€Maryland€Code€(1987)€Committee€Note€to€Canon€2C.Š ^+®&. ŠAdditionally,€the€citations€to€various€cases€are€omitted.Š 5,…'/ ŠĢņņņ ņŠ ć-3)1 ŠCanon€3ó óóóŠ ° ŠĢą  ąCanon€3A€is€derived€from€Maryland€Code€(1987),€Canon€3A€(9)Š jŗ Šand€the€comparable€ABA€Code€(2000),€Canon€3B€(5),€except€as€toŠ A‘ Špersons€under€the€direction€and€control€of€a€judge,€and€from€theŠ h Šreferences€in€Maryland€Code€(1987),€Canon€3B€(1),€the€comparableŠ ļ? ŠABA€Code€(2000),€Canon€3C€(1),€the€Comment€to€Maryland€CodeŠ Ę  Š(1987),€Canon€3A€(9),€and€the€Commentary€to€ABA€Code€(2000),Š  ķ ŠCanon€3B€(5),€as€to€diligence,€imparti